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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direction of self-motion is perceived from optical flow (1988)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 336 (1988), S. 162-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Gibson1 was the first to show that translation of an observer through a stationary environment produces a radial pattern of optical flow at the eye (Fig. 1). The fixed point or 'singularity' in the flow field, called the focus of outflow, specifies the observer's direction of self-motion, or ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/336162a0
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytokine biosynthesis by tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes from human non-small-cell lung carcinoma (2000)
    Springer
    Cancer immunology immunotherapy 48 (2000), S. 627-634 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Keywords: Key words Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes ; Non-small-cell lung carcinoma ; Intracellular cytokines ; Flow cytometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this work was to assess the capacity of tumor-infiltrating leukocytes (TIL) from human non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) specimens to synthesize type-1 and type-2 cytokines. Methods: TIL were isolated from tumors following digestion with collagenase/DNase and further enriched by ficoll-hypaque gradient centrifugation. Membrane phenotypes and intracellular cytokine protein expression of TIL were assessed by flow cytometry. Results: The majority of TIL expressed the CD3 antigen with a CD4:CD8 ratio of approximately 2:1. Other leukocytes such as macrophages (CD14), B lymphocytes (CD20), and natural killer (NK) cells (CD56) were also found to infiltrate the tumors, but in significantly lower numbers. Owing to the limited recovery of non-CD3+ leukocytes, our analysis of cytokine biosynthesis has focused on T lymphocytes. In the absence of activation, a small percentage of CD3+ TIL synthesized cytokines ( 〈4%). Following activation with anti-CD3+interleukin-2 (IL-2), CD3+ TIL synthesized predominantly a type-1 cytokine profile; however, the type-2 cytokines, IL-6 and IL-10, were also detected in a small percentage of infiltrating cells. Following activation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate + ionomycin, CD3+ TIL also expressed more type-1 than type-2 cytokines and in significantly greater numbers of cells. The CD3+CD8+ component of the TIL synthesized only type-1 cytokines, whereas the CD3+CD4+ component synthesized both type-1 and type-2 cytokines. Conclusion: These results show that the majority of the TIL isolated from NSCLC specimens are T lymphocytes with the capacity to synthesize type-1 cytokines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002620050011
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Motion parallax is used to control postural sway during walking (1996)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 111 (1996), S. 271-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Balance ; Locomotion ; Motion parallax ; Postural control and sway ; Vision ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Three experiments tested the hypothesis that postural sway during locomotion is visually regulated by motion parallax as well as optical expansion. Oscillating displays of three-dimensional scenes were presented to participants walking on a treadmill, while postural sway was recorded. Displays simulated: (a) a cloud, in which parallax and expansion are congruent, (b) a hallway, (c) the side walls of the hallway, (d) a ground surface, (e) a wall, (f) the wall with a central hole, (g) a hall farther from the observer, and (h) a wall farther from the observer. In contrast to previous results with a hallway, responses with the cloud were isotropic and directionally specific. The other displays demonstrated that motion parallax was more effective than simple horizontal flow in eliciting lateral sway. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that adaptive control of sway during walking is based on congruent expansion and parallax in natural environments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00227304
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thoracotomy for colon and rectal cancer metastases (1993)
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 36 (1993), S. 425-429 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Colon and rectal cancer ; Pulmonary metastases ; Thoracotomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Between 1978 and 1990, 23 patients underwent 35 thoracotomies for metastatic colorectal cancer. The pulmonary disease was diagnosed within an interval of 0 to 105 (average, 33.4) months after colon resection. Fifteen patients underwent a single thoracotomy; 12 patients had solitary lesions, and three patients had multiple nodules. Eight patients underwent multiple thoracotomies. The median survival following thoracotomy was 28 months; three-year survival was 45 percent, and five-year survival was 16 percent. Factors that had no significant bearing on survival included origin and stage of the primary tumor and patient age and sex. An interval before thoracotomy of three years had an impact on survival approaching statistical significance (P=0.17). Patients who underwent multiple thoracotomies had a significantly prolonged survival (P=0.04). Patients who underwent a single thoracotomy for a solitary lesion had a significantly prolonged survival compared with patients who had a single thoracotomy for multiple metastases. After thoracotomy, 14 patients eventually developed recurrent disease, which was confined to the lung in only four patients. Of these 14 patients, 11 subsequently died of cancer. We conclude that thoracotomy for metastatic disease should be considered when the primary tumor is controlled, the lungs are the only site of metastatic disease, and there is adequate lung reserve to withstand surgery. Survival following thoracotomy may be influenced by the interval before diagnosis, the number of pulmonary nodules, and the number of thoracotomies performed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02050006
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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