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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A histochemical study of the innervation of the cerebral blood vessels in the domestic fowl (1979)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 198 (1979), S. 43-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Cerebral blood vessels (domestic fowl) ; Adrenergic nerves ; Cholinergic nerves ; Capillary innervation ; Neurogenic vascular control
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Adrenergic and cholinergic nerves innervating the cerebral arteries of the domestic fowl were examined by specific histochemical techniques. The adrenergic nerve plexuses of the cerebral carotid system are markedly denser than those of other vertebrates observed by similar techniques. They form longitudinally elongated meshworks of fine fibres in the vascular wall of the arterial branches. Those innervating the vertebro-basilar system are less dense and more elongated, and, as the size of the artery diminishes, the fibres of the plexus become coarser. In the small pial and parenchymal arteries they are reduced to a few fibres running parallel to, or spiralling around the vascular axis. The cholinergic nerve plexuses are not as dense as the adrenergic system. The acetylcholinesterase activity is very weak, except in the plexuses innervating the cerebral carotid artery and the proximal portion of the anterior and posterior rami. In the vertebro-basilar system, a few thick nerve bundles run alongside the blood vessels of the vertebral and basilar arteries. Cholinergic nerves enter the cranial cavity along the internal carotid, the vertebral and possibly the cerebro-ethmoidal arteries. Intracerebral capillaries and some arterioles are not innervated with cholinergic and adrenergic fibres of peripheral origin, but with ones arising from parenchymal nerve cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234833
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A histochemical study of the innervation of cerebral blood vessels in the snake (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 179 (1977), S. 143-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Cerebral arteries (Snake) ; Neurogenic vascular control ; Adrenergic nervous system ; Cholinergic nervous system ; Capillary innervation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Dual innervation of snake cerebral blood vessels by adrenergic and cholinergic fibres was demonstrated with the use of histochemical methods. Although the nerve plexuses are somewhat less dense, the essential features of innervation of the blood vessels are similar to those of mammals with the exception that the adrenergic plexuses are more prominent than the cholinergic plexuses. The major arteries of the cerebral carotid system have a rich nerve supply. However, the innervation is less rich in the basilar and poor in the spinal (vertebral) arteries. Although the arteries supplying the right side of head are poorly developed, three pairs of arteries, cerebral carotids, ophthalmics and spinals, supply the snake brain. The carotids and ophthalmics are densely innervated and are accompanied by thick nerve bundles, suggesting that the nerves preferentially enter the skull along those arteries. Some parenchymal arterioles are also dually innervated. Connection between the brain parenchyma and intracerebral capillaries via both cholinergic and adrenergic fibres was observed. In addition cholinergic nerve fibres, connecting capillaries and the intramedullary nerve fibre bundles, were noticed. Capillary blood flow may be influenced by both adrenergic and cholinergic central neurons. The walls of capillaries also exhibit heavy acetylcholinesterase activity. This may indicate an important role for the capillary in the regulation of intracerebral blood flow.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219792
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Further studies on catecholamine-containing specific endothelial granules in carp cerebral veins. A fluorescence histochemical and electron microscopy study (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 198 (1980), S. 415-420 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The effects of noradrenaline (NA), L-3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA), 5-hydroxydopamine (5-OHDA), 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), and reserpine (RES) on the uptake, accumulation, and release of amines in cate-cholamine-containing specific endothelial granules (SEG) of carp cerebral veins and their mode of formation were examined by fluorescence histochemistry and electron microscopy. The intramuscular injection of NA (4 mg/kg) or L-DOPA (200 mg/kg) resulted in an increase in both the fluorescence and electron density of SEG. After the administration of false neurotransmitters, 5-OHDA (190 mg/kg) or 6-OHDA (200 mg/kg), the venous endothelia fluorescence almost completely disappeared but the SEG electron density increased. Following the injection of RES (15 mg/kg), the fluorescence intensity and SEG electron density showed no sign of decrease, as was expected, but in fact increased. It is suggested that the SEG are able to take up and accumulate exogeneous amines and that these mechanisms are RES-resistant. The electron density of SEG increased in proportion to the amount of amines in the SEG. The swelling and fragmentation of rough endoplasmic reticulum cisternae and the accumulation of dense material within the cisternae suggests the possible participation of these organelles in SEG formation.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091980303
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A histochemical and ultrastructural study of serotonin-containing nerves in cerebral blood vessels of the lamprey (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 198 (1980), S. 671-680 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Lamprey, Entosphenus japonicus, cerebral blood vessel autonomic nerve supply was studied with fluorescence and cholinesterase histochemistry and electron microscopy.Nerve fibers emitting a yellow fluorescence characteristic of serotonin (Exc./Em. max.; 380/530 nm) were found on the major cerebral and pial arteries, but not acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-positive ones. Single ganglion cells also emitting a strong yellow fluorescence were seen in the artery adventitia. On rare occasions these cells were observed in pairs. Terminal varicosities of central catecholamine-containing nerves (Exc./Em. max.; 410/475 nm) were observed on parenchymal capillaries, but not central AChE-positive nerve terminals.In ganglion cells, dense cored vesicles (ca. 130 nm in average diameter; DCV) were abundant in the Golgi area, suggesting their formation at this site. Two types of DCV were observed; one with a homogeneous dense core and the other with a granular core. DCV were numerous in axons as well, axons in which many small clear vesicles (40-60 nm in diameter) as well as DCV were occasionally observed. The question of whether the small clear vesicles or the DCV contained serotonin could not be resolved.
    Additional Material: 23 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091980411
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Occurrence of catecholamine-containing specific granules in the venous endothelia of carp (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 153 (1978), S. 171-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The formaldehyde-induced fluorescence technique and the argentaffin reaction with ultra-thin sections were applied to the vessels of carp to demonstrate the presence of a catecholamine. After formaldehyde gas treatment for 30 minutes at 50°C, the venous endothelia emitted a greenish-yellow fluorescence suggesting the presence of a primary catecholamine. In the endothelial cells of veins, the specific granules, consisting predominantly of spherical granules with a diameter of about 0.3 μm, showed heavily to moderately positive argentaffin reaction. Granules also occurred in the endothelial cells of arteries. However, these granules stained weakly or not at all with ammoniacal silver solution. It is concluded that the specific endothelial granules in veins of carp contain a primary catecholamine.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001530112
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