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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 23 (1990), S. 88-93 
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The approximation of experimentally measured angular intensity distributions of X-rays diffracted by oriented polycrystalline specimens is suggested as a method for the determination of orientation distribution characteristics for uniaxially oriented polymeric fibres. A non-linear optimization program based on a Hook–Jeeves algorithm is elaborated and incorporated into the method. As an example, the interpretation of the data from polyethylene specimens having various degrees of orientation is given. An important application of the method is the analysis of distributions (pole figures) using a superposition of two identical or similar functions with different parameters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 262 (1984), S. 435-444 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: core-fibrils ; polypropylene/polybutene-1 blends ; small-angle x-ray scattering
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The equatorial small-angle x-ray scattering of blends of polypropylene and polybutene-1 crystallized from the oriented melt, has been analyzed by means of Guinier- and Porod analysis and absolute intensity measurements. The thickness of the core crystals, which appear to have an ellipsoidal shape, is of the order of 160 Å and does not vary with sample composition. Measurements of the half widths of the (110)- and (220)-wide angle x-ray diffraction lines indicate a decrea.se of the lateral dimension of the core crystals for both components. Calculations of the scattering power through a three-phase model for the electron densities indicate a non-proportional distribution of crystalline and amorphous phases in the blends.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 259 (1981), S. 135-145 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Crystallization of polymers ; oriented crystallization ; stress induced crystallization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary Summarizing a number of experiments concerning crystallization of polymers in oriented state, and attempting to compare them with predictions of various theories one comes to the conclusion, that in many areas of the field the experimental results remain in qualitative agreement with theory. It is much difficult to find such agreement concerning quantitative aspects. The reason for that comes from both sides; experiments are usually made at conditions, which do not correspond to theoretical assumptions, and theories usually discuss particular models, which are not able to describe full variety of morphologies and situations occurring in reality. It is believed that measurements performed at constant stress will provide data, that could be used to verify some theories. Basing on these data, it should be also possible to predict behaviour in other, more complex conditions. This is the matter of practical importance, and finally it could give better insight into phase transition occurring in such processes like fiber spinning, film blowing or injection molding, at each of them the molecular orientation takes place. Also explanation of morphological peculiarities appearing in oriented crystallization, as well as deeper insight into crystallization mechanisms can be expected from this type of measurements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 19 (2000), S. 847-849 
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 271 (1993), S. 824-833 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Polypropylene ; EPDM ; interphase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The interaction of isotactic polypropylene with ethylene propylene diene terpolymer in their blends has been investigated by use of differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis, wide- and small-angle x-ray scattering, and by investigating the nucleation and kinetics of crystallization of the iPP component under the polarization microscope. It is found, that the dispersion of the EPDM component in the iPP matrix is dependent on blend composition and is maximal at 10% EPDM content. An interface layer between the two components is formed by migration of iPP molecules into the EPDM phase. A model for this interface is proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 277 (1999), S. 646-657 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Key words Oriented polymers ; Melting ; Ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The changes in crystallite orientation during melting of oriented ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMW PE) were investigated by means of wide-angle X-ray scattering. The orientation distribution of crystallites in drawn UHMW PE is composed of two components differing in width. The narrow and broad components revealed in this study indicate the existence of two classes of crystallites with different orientability. Some of the crystallites are oriented almost perfectly even at low-draw ratios, while the others do not orient so effectively. The analysis of melting behaviour of such a texture composed of orthorhombic crystals indicates that highly oriented crystallites are formed by taut molecules and transform first to the hexagonal phase, while the molecules constituting low-oriented crystallites melt directly to the typical amorphous phase. The increase in orientation of highly oriented crystallites during their partial melting, observed in the samples kept at constant length and even those allowed to shrink under constant load, can be explained by the kinetic factor proposed by Ziabicki.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies on the orientation distributions of the 110 and 100 planes in gel-drawn samples of ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE reveal the complex character of the crystal-orientation distribution in the samples. The orientation distribution is composed of two contributions differing in width. The dependence of the contents of both components on the draw ratio, as well as their behaviour during melting of the sample, are studied. The character of the dependencies observed indicate that each component of the orientation distribution can be associated with a separate assembly of crystals occurring in the sample, both having the same orthorhombic crystal structure. The broad component corresponds to only slightly oriented folded-chain crystals, while the narrow component corresponds to almost perfectly oriented extended-chain crystals being composed of stretched macromolecules. The content of the folded-chain crystals decreases with an increase in the draw ratio, whereas the content of the extended-chain crystals increases. During melting, folded-chain crystals melt directly to an amorphous phase, while the extended-chain crystals undergo crystal-crystal transition forming a hexagonal phase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 28 (1993), S. 1685-1688 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The morphology of isotactic polypropylene (iPP)/linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) blends, compatibilized with ethylene-propylene block copolymer (EP) and two types of styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene triblock copolymer (SEBS), one containing maleic anhydride, the other no reactive sites, has been investigated by using small-angle X-ray scattering by evaluating their interface distribution functions. To characterize the crystallization behaviour of the blends, their spherulitic growth rates have been measured under the polarizing microscope and nucleation and crystallization kinetics data have been evaluated. The addition of LLDPE to iPP alone has a pronounced effect on the lamellar morphology of the iPP. Adding compatibilizer to the iPP/LLDPE blend leads to a further decrease of the lamellar thickness. Concurrently the nucleation density increases while the Avrami exponent drops from n∼2.3 for iPP to n=0.74 for the iPP/LLDPE/SEBS blend. It is concluded that the compatibilizer causes the polyethylene component to become more highly dispersed in the polypropylene matrix.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 14 (1976), S. 381-387 
    ISSN: 0360-6384
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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