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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physiological responses of extrathymic T cells in the liver (2000)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Immunological reviews 174 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-065X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0528.2002.017415.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interferon γ but not tumor necrosis factor α decreases susceptibility of human renal cell cancer cell lines to lymphokine-activated killer cells (1992)
    Springer
    Cancer immunology immunotherapy 35 (1992), S. 381-387 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Keywords: MHC class I molecules ; ICAM-1 ; LAK cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Human renal cell cancer (RCC) cell lines, ACHN and KRC/Y, with or without exposure to cytokines, were examined for their susceptibility to lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells. Flow-cytometric analysis demonstrated constitutional expression of class I antigen on both cell lines, which was enhanced by interferon α (IFNα), IFNγ and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα). A 4-h51Cr-release cytotoxicity assay demonstrated that pretreatment of both cell lines with IFNγ or IFNα, but not with TNFα, decreased their susceptibility to LAK cells. IFNγ also decreased susceptibility to natural killer cells in a 16-h51Cr-release cytotoxicity assay. IFNγ treatment decreased the susceptibility of ACHN cells in a dose-dependent manner. “Cold”-target competition assay clearly showed that IFNγ- but not TNFα-pretreated cells compete less effectively than do untreated target cells. Pretreatment with IFNγ, however, increased expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) to a degree comparable to that with TNFα. Northern blot analyses using a 520-base-pair ICAM-1 cDNA as a probe demonstrated that more 3.3-kb mRNA is expressed in IFNγ- and TNFα-pretreated cells. These results suggest that IFNγ-treated RCC cell lines may reduce their ability to be recognized by LAK cells, and that IFN-induced protection of RCC cell lines against LAK cells may depend upon a mechanism independent of the expression of class I antigens or ICAM-1 on tumor cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01789016
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intraepithelial lymphocytes in colon have similar properties to intraepithelial lymphocytes in small intestine and hepatic intermediate TCR cells (1996)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 41 (1996), S. 902-911 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: colon ; intraepithelial lymphocytes ; adhesion molecule
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Recently, properties of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) in the colon (C-IEL) have been analyzed in comparison with those of IEL in the small intestine (SI-IEL). We compared the properties of C-IEL with those of SI-IEL and hepatic intermediate TCR cells, two other types of extrathymic T cells. C-IEL and intermediate TCR cells contain many NK1+T cells, although SI-IEL contain few. Vγ and Vδ usage of C-IEL was the same as that of SI-IEL, and that of intermediate TCR cells was different. C-IEL responded to Con A while SI-IEL did not. As to adhesion molecules, C-IEL include both extrathymic and thymus-originated type T cells. With age, TCR-αβ+CD4+CD8+ cells do not increase among C-IEL but do increase among SI-IEL. IL-2Rβ+ or CD4−CD8− C-IEL increase as observed in the liver. These results indicate that these organ-specific T cells have different roles at their respective sites and that they may be of different lineages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02091529
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Numerical and Functional Characteristics of Lymphocyte Subsets in Centenarians (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of clinical immunology 17 (1997), S. 420-429 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2592
    Keywords: Age-associated change ; immune system ; centenarians ; NK1+ T cells ; natural killer cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The immune system in the aged is a very interesting subject for study. In this study, analysis was extended to extrathymic T cells as well as NK cells and “conventional” T cells (i.e., thymus-derived T cells) in terms of their constitution and function in both healthy and unhealthy centenarians. Middle-aged persons were used as controls. Healthy and unhealthy centenarians showed lower levels in the proportion and absolute number of lymphocytes. The major change in the constitution of lymphocyte subsets was increased levels in the proportion of NK cells (CD56+/CD57+) and extrathymic T cells (CD3+CD57+). Inversely, conventional T cells decreased in proportion and function (i.e., proliferative response to mitogen). Although NK cells increased in centenarians, NK activity by whole lymphocytes and the purified NK fraction decreased. The difference between healthy and unhealthy centenarians was small in all parameters, the only difference being a lower level of expression of CD56 antigens on CD57+ T cells in unhealthy centenarians. These results indicate that there is a major shift in lymphcyte population from conventional T cells to NK cells and extrathymic T cells with aging. Concerning the age-associated increases in CD56+ T and CD57+ T cells, these cells correspond to NK1+ T cells in mice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1027324626199
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Monoclonal Antibody, DL10, Which Recognizes a Sugar Moiety of MHC Class I Antigens Expressed on NK Cells, NK+ T Cells, and Granulocytes in Humans (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of clinical immunology 17 (1997), S. 510-523 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2592
    Keywords: Monoclonal antibody ; NK cells ; NK+ T cells ; granulocytes ; monomorphic MHC antigens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract One mAb, DL10, was established from mice injected with dolphin lymphocytes. In addition to its reactivity against all dolphin lymphocytes, it reacted with some human leukocytes, including NK cells, NK+ T cells, and granulocytes. When its reactivity was examined in various animals, bovine, ovine, and equine leukocytes were DL10+. Murine, rat, and canine leukocytes were DL10−. Although the reactivity of DL10+ was similar to those of CD56 and CD57 antigens in humans, the actual molecules it recognized were different. Thus, all reactivity of DL10 disappeared after treatment of cells with glycopeptidase or after culture of cells with tunicamycin. Furthermore, the immunoprecipitation method revealed that DL10 indirectly recognized the heavy chain (45kD) of MHC class I antigen in humans and animals. Considering data from analysis of the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the DL10 molecule and the HLA typing of reactive cells, DUO recognized a sugar moiety of some monomorphic MHC antigens and polymorphic MHC antigens such as HLA-B60 and -B61. If the donors are HLA-B60− and -B61− (〉80% in Japan and 〉95% in the United States), DL10 would appear to be a very useful agent for the detection of pan-NK+ T cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1027379929042
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Suppressive Effect of Antiulcer Agents on Granulocytes—A Role for Granulocytes in Gastric Ulcer Formation (2000)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 45 (2000), S. 1786-1791 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: gastric ulcer ; H2-blocker ; proton pump inhibitor ; granulocyte ; stress
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Many clinicians have believed that H2-blockers and proton pump inhibitors ameliorate gastric ulcers via their antacid function. We examined the effects of these antacids on granulocytes. Gastric ulcer patients were administered an H2-blocker or proton pump inhibitor for a week and the number of granulocytes and the superoxide production were examined. To determine the trafficking of granulocytes, mice were exposed to restraint stress for 24 hr. The H2-blocker decreased the number of granulocytes, while the proton pump inhibitor suppressed their superoxide production in humans and mice. The major function of H2-blockers and proton pump inhibitors in curing gastric ulcers seems to be their suppressive effects on granulocytes. In this case, stress accelerates the trafficking of granulocytes from the bone marrow to the gastric mucosa. If we demonstrate a role for granulocytes in gastric ulcer formation, an gap in the acid–pepsin theory and the Helicobacter pylori theory is filled in.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005526126694
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selective activation of extrathymic T cells in the liver by glycyrrhizin (1992)
    Springer
    Biotherapy 5 (1992), S. 167-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8280
    Keywords: extrathymic T cells ; glycyrrhizin ; liver
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Extrathymic pathways for T cell differentiation were recently demonstrated in the liver, intestine and omentum. In this study, glycyrrhizin (GL), a plant extract was investigated as to its effect on extrathymic T cells in the liver of mice. A new method using anti-LFA-1 mAb in conjunction with anti-TCR or -CD3 mAbs to sensitively identify such extrathymic T cells is included. Single injection and repeated injections of GL increased not only the number of total hepatic MNC but also the proportion of intermediate TCR cells, which are extrathymic T cells uniquely seen in the liver. In contrast to other tested reagents (e.g., lymphotoxin and estrogen) that activated the extrathymic T cells and simultaneously induced profound thymic atrophy, GL did not affect regular T cells in the thymus. The present results suggest that the selective activation of extrathymic T cells in the liver might be intimately related to the clinical effects of GL.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02171049
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