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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 119 (1986), S. 3276-3296 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Ring Opening of N-(Tetraalkylamidinio)pyridinium Salts by Anions of CH-Acidic Methylene CompoundsN-Carbeniopyridinium salts 2, 4, 14, and 18 offer three sites to nucleophilic attack; depending on the reactants, all three modes have been realized. With anions of CH-acidic methylene compounds, α-attack at the pyridinium ring followed by ring opening leads to azahexamethine merocyanines (8, 15, 23). In some cases, kinetically controlled reactions yield 1,4-dihydropyridines which isomerize thermally to give 1,2-dihydropyridines which undergo ring opening spontaneously. Also, nucleophilic attack at the cationic substituent of the N-carbeniopyridinium salts is possible as is indicated by the formation of push-pull olefins 11, 16 and of enol ether 12.
    Notes: Die N-Carbeniopyridinium-Salze 2, 4, 14 und 18 bieten für den Angriff eines Nucleophils drei Möglichkeiten, die sich in Abhängigkeit von den Reaktionspartnern alle realisieren lassen. Mit Anionen methylenaktiver Verbindungen führt der α-Angriff am Pyridinium-Ring unter Ringöffnung zu Azahexamethinneutrocyaninen (8, 15, 23). In einigen Fällen bilden sich kinetisch kontrolliert 1,4-Dihydropyridine, die sich thermisch zu den 1,2-Dihydro-pyridinen bzw. deren ringgeöffneten Folgeprodukten umlagern. Schließlich ist auch der nucleophile Angriff am kationischen Substituenten der N-Carbeniopyridinium-Salze möglich, wie die Bildung der Push-pull-Olefine 11, 16 und des Enolethers 12 zeigt.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 121 (1988), S. 1791-1794 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Azahexamethine Neutrocyanines with a Diaminocyclopropenylidene AuxochromeBy ring opening of the N-(2,3-diaminocyclopropenylio)pyridinium salt 1 with the anions of malononitrile, dimedone, or Meldrum's acid the protonated polymethines 5a-c are formed, which yield the neutral dyestuffs 6a-c on deprotonation. In solution, 5a, b are transformed slowly into the triafulvenes 3a, b. Analogously, polymethine 10 is obtained from the diaminochlorocyclopropenylium salt 8, pyridine, and malononitrile, although the equilibrium of formation of the presumed intermediary pyridinium salt 9 lies far on the side of the components.
    Notes: Durch Ringöffnung des N-(2,3-Diaminocyclopropenylio)pyridinium-Salzes 1 mit den Anionen von Malononitril, Dimedon oder Meldrums Säure entstehen die protonierten Polymethine 5a-c, die sich zu den neutralen Farbstoffen 6a-c deprotonieren lassen. In Lösung entstehen aus 5a, b langsam die Triafulvene 3a, b. Aus dem Diaminochlorcyclopropenylium-Salz 8, Pyridin und Malononitril bildet sich analog das Polymethin 10, obwohl das intermediär anzunehmende Pyridinium-Salz 9 in Lösung nur in einem weit auf die Seite seiner Komponenten verschobenen Gleichgewicht vorhanden ist.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 3 (1990), S. 459-469 
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: N-[2,3-Bis(dimethylamino)cyclopropenylio]- and N-(tetramethylamidinio)pyridinium salts (trifluoromethanesulphonates and tetrafluoroborates) form 1:1 and 1:2 charge-transfer complexes with the pentakis(methoxycarbonyl)cyclopentadienide anion. The x-ray crystal structures of 1-[2,3-bis(dimethylamino)cyclopropenylio] pyridinium pentakis(methoxycarbonyl)cyclopentadienide tetrafluoroborate hydrate and of 1-[2,3-bis(dimethylamino)cyclopropenylio] pyridinium bis[pentakis(methoxycarbonyl)cyclopentadienide] were determined. In constrast, the tetra-cyano-p-quinodimethane (TCNQ) radical anion reacts with the first-mentioned salts by C—C bond formation to give novel dicationic salts. Thereby, the radical anion attacks the pyridinium γ-position of the N-(tetramethylamidinio)-pyridinium dication, but the three-membered ring of the N-[2,3-bis(dimethylamino)cyclopropenylio] pyridinium system.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1986 (1986), S. 2123-2141 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Dication Ethers, 11(1). - Ambidoselective Reactions of β-Ketoenolates with Dication EthersWhen the bis(N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylformamidinio) ether salt 5a is treated with the β-ketoenolates 7a - h, j or β-ketonitrile acetonitrile, electrophilic transfer of a tetramethylformamidinio group occurs exclusively at an oxygen atom of the ambident anions, thus yielding uronium salts 8a-j. From the acyclic β-ketoenolates 7a-f, β-acylenol ether salts (E)-8a-f are obtained diastereoselectively. Also, electrophilic attack by the dimidazolinio ether salt 5b and the dipyridinio ether salt 5c, d occurs exclusively at an oxygen atom of the dimedone anion (8k, 15, 18). From 5c and the anion of Meldrum's acid, olefin 16 is formed by C/C bond connection. - An X-ray structure analysis of (E)-8f was performed.
    Notes: Die elektrophile Übertragung einer Tetramethylformamidinum-Gruppe aus dem Bis-(N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylformamidinio)ether-Salz 5a auf die ambidenten β-Ketoenolate 7a-h, j und das β-Ketonitril-Anion 7i erfolgt in Acetonitril ausschileßlich am Enolatsauerstoff, wobei man die Uronium-Salze 8a-j erhält. Aus den acyclischen β-Ketoenolaten 7a - f entstehen diastereoselektiv die β-Acylenolether-Salze (E)-8a-f. Das Diimidazolinioether-Salz 5b und die Dipyridinioether-Salze 5c, d reagieren mit dem Anion von Dimedon ebenfalls ausschließlich am Sauerstoff (8k, 15, 18). Aus 5c und dem Anion von Meldrumsäure erhält man unter C/C-Verknüpfung das Olefin 16. - Eine Röntgenstrukturanalyse von (E)-8f wurde ausgeführt.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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