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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @breast journal 2 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1524-4741
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The pleomorphic variant of invasive lobular carcinoma has a worse prognosis than its classical counterpart. To determine if histologically separating invasive lobular carcinoma into either of these variants correlates with other prognostic indicators, we measured the mitotic figure index (number of mitotic figures/100 tumor cells), Ki67 labeling index (Ki67 positive cells/100 tumor cells), intratumoral microvessel density (microvessels/200X field), and the number of positive lymph nodes in 48 patients with invasive lobular carcinoma with a median follow-up of 63 months. There were 27 cases of classical lobular carcinoma (mean age, 58) and 21 cases of pleomorphic variant (mean age, 57). The mitotic figure index and Ki67 labeling index were significantly higher in the pleomorphic variant compared to the classical lobular carcinoma (p = 0.002, and 0.08 respectively). No significant differences in intratumoral microvessel density, number of positive lymph nodes, or age was found between the two histologic types. Relapse free survival was shorter in patients with pleomorphic variant (p = 0.05), but no difference in overall survival was detected (p = 0.47). Among all patients, lymph node status was the best predictor of relapse free (p = 0.001) and overall survival (p = 0.002), although there were no overall survival differences between patients with 0 to 3 positive lymph nodes. Relapse-free and overall survivals were better among patients who had lower indices of microvessel density (p = 0.07 and 0.08 respectively), Ki67 (p = 0.02 and 0.11), and mitotic figures (p = 0.10 and 0.07). By multivariate analysis no additional prognostic information was provided beyond that of the number of positive lymph nodes; except for overall survival, the mitotic figure index provided additional significant information. We conclude that the histologic diagnosis of pleomorphic invasive lobular carcinoma significantly correlates with shortened relapse-free survival, but among all invasive lobular carcinomas axillary nodal status and mitotic figure index provide more prognostic information than histologic subtyping into pleomorphic and classical variants.?
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Boston, MA, USA : Blackwell Science Inc
    The @breast journal 5 (1999), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1524-4741
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) is a potentially powerful new tool in the early diagnosis and staging of patients with breast carcinoma. Rapid contrast enhancement is suggestive of carcinoma and likely related to high tumor vascularity. We have developed a new cMRI technique that combines anatomic and kinetic information to help characterize breast carcinomas. Signal enhancement ratio (SER) patterns (which quantitate the kinetics of contrast enhancement using a three time point high-resolution method) were correlated in tumors from 32 patients with histopathology and tumor angiogenesis as measured by intratumoral microvessel density (iMVD). Early signal enhancement with rapid washout of intravenous contrast (i.e., corresponding to high SER values) correlated with high tumor vascularity. We found that TARGET MRI with SER analysis has potential as a tool for characterizing breast carcinoma in vivo. It enables anatomic visualization of tumor and appears to add biologic information as well, such as level of tumor angiogenesis. ▪
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 25 (1996), S. 197-200 
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 409 (1986), S. 595-607 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Glomerulonephritis ; Membranoproliferative ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Basement membranes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary After digestion removed the cells from glomeruli of frozen kidney tissue, we employed scanning electron microscopy to examine the acellular glomerular basement membranes (AGBM) from normal kidneys and from kidneys of patients with dense-deposit disease (DDD). The AGBM showed previously unrecognized three-dimensional patterns of pathologic changes. When compared to normal controls, the AGBM in DDD appeared “rigid” and thickened. Other pathologic features included coarsely granular or undulating epimembranous surfaces punctuated by single or clustered crater-like deformities. Although epimembranous crater-like deformities have been observed in other glomerulopathies, the combination of “rigid” -appearing AGBM punctuated by crater-like deformities is thus far unique to DDD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 9 (1995), S. 317-319 
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis ; Transplant ; Immunosuppression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report a 12-year-old male with acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN) occurring 1 year after a cadaveric renal transplant. Although recurrent and de novo renal transplant glomerulonephritides have been well described in large series of adult and pediatric renal transplant recipients, post-infectious glomerulonephritis has been rarely reported, and APSGN has never been reported in either adult or pediatric transplant series. We speculate on the reasons for the lack of occurrence of APSGN in renal transplant recipients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 34 (1989), S. 885-888 
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: stomach ; antrum ; vascular abnormality ; ectasia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Gastric antral vascular ectasia was endoscopically diagnosed in seven patients. Pathologic characteristics of this entity were defined retrospectively, by studying endoscopic pinch biopsy slides from these seven patients and antrectomy specimens from five patients. A scoring system was developed, and the seven patients were compared prospectively with various control groups. Abnormalities of mucosal vessels (fibrin thrombi and/or ectasia) consistently distinguished patients from control antrectomies, normal biopsies, acute gastritis biopsies and atrophic gastritis biopsies (P=0.02, all comparisons). Spindle cell proliferation into mucosa also was characteristic of gastric antral vascular ectasia, distinguishing this disease from normals, acute gastritis, and atrophic gastritis (P≤0.039, each comparison). The presence of abnormal mucosal vessels (fibrin thrombi and/or ectasia) and spindle cell proliferation was similar in patient antrectomies compared to patient endoscopic biopsies. Therefore, we conclude that endoscopic biopsies can reliably diagnose gastric antral vascular ectasia, a vascular disorder characterized by abnormal mucosal vessels and spindle cell proliferation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: breast cancer ; epidermal growth factor receptor ; immunocytochemistry ; prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a potentially useful new biological prognostic and predictive indicator in human breast cancer. Additional research on EGFR is warranted to enhance our information on: i) the method of choice for its detection and quality control issues; ii) its association with novel pathobiological markers of prognosis; iii) its prognostic value in multivariate analysis; and iv) its capability to predict response to hormone therapy and, in the future, to biological treatments using antibodies against the specific receptor or its ligands. In the present study we update previous data on EGFR status, determined immunocytochemically, by prolonging the period of observation up to 5 years and by including, in the multivariate analysis, several new biological indicators. The main results obtained are: i) EGFR is weakly associated with Ki-67 score (p=0.073) and with p53 expression (p=0.06); ii) EGFR is a significant indicator for recurrence (p〈0.01 and odds ratio of 2.82) but not for death (p=0.27 and odds ratio of 1.49); iii) the prognostic power of EGFR is enhanced when combined with the knowledge of S-phase fraction; and iv) in multivariate analysis on relapse-free survival, EGFR and S-phase fraction (likelihood ratio test=26.40; p〈0.01), c-erbB-2 protein and p53 mutant protein expression (likelihood ratio test= 5.94; p=0.05), cathepsin D (likelihood ratio test= 9.78; p〈0.01), and nodal status (likelihood ratio test= 7.32; p〈0.01) are significant and independent prognostic factors in early-stage breast carcinoma. This new information could be of help for a more rational approach in the use of EGFR as a marker in future clinical research.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: breast carcinoma ; angiogenesis ; metastasis ; survival ; epidermal growth factor receptor ; blood vessels ; prognostic factors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Recent studies have shown that women with invasive breast carcinoma having high microvessel density (MVD) (a measure of tumor angiogenesis) or epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression have increased risk for metastasis and/or decreased survival. To determine if MVD and EGFR expression provide additive prognostic information, we analyzed these two prognostic indicators in the primary invasive breast carcinomas from 165 consecutive patients, who were followed for a median of 51 months. Univariate analysis showed a highly significant (p〈0.001) association of MVD with overall and relapse-free survival in all patients, including both node-negative and node-positive groups (see JNCI 84:1875–1887, 1992). For EGFR, although univariate analysis suggested that women with tumors showing EGFR expression relapsed earlier and, perhaps, died earlier, the differences were not statistically significant. Multivariate analysis, in contrast, revealed that determination of EGFR did provide significant additional information to that already provided by MVD for predicting relapse-free survival in all women (p=0.001) and in the subset of node-positive women (p=0.007). Among node-negative women, however, the contribution of EGFR expression in predicting relapse-free survival was not significant (p=0.12). Likewise, EGFR measurement did not provide significant additional information beyond that of MVD alone for predicting overall survival. Thus, EGFR provides additional prognostic information to determination of MVD, but only for relapse-free survival in node-positive women with invasive breast carcinoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: c-erbB-2 protein ; histologic grade ; Ki-67 ; laminin receptor ; multivariate analysis ; node-negative breast cancer ; p53 ; peritumoral lymphatic vessel invasion ; prognosis ; tumor angiogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the present study we update previous results on the prognostic value of intratumoral microvessel density (IMD), determined immunocytochemically using the monoclonal antibody CD-31 and a standard streptavidin-immunoperoxidase technique, published in theJ Clin Oncol 12:454–466, 1994. This study was undertaken in those 211 node-negative breast cancer (NNBC) cases of that series of which we had pathological material available to determine all the prognostic indicators. The median period of follow-up has been extended to 78 and 80 months for relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS), respectively, and new biological indicators (i.e. Ki-67 labeling and 67 kDa laminin receptor expression) were included in the analysis. The main results obtained are:i) a confirmation that IMD is not associated with the other biological markers studied, i.e. expression of p53 protein, c-erbB-2 protein, 67 kDa laminin receptor, and cell kinetics; IMD was weakly associated only with histological grade (p=0.053);ii) IMD remains a highly significant prognostic factor for RFS and OS (p〈0.0001 and p=0.018, respectively) in univariate analysis;iii) in multivariate analysis on RFS, IMD (likelihood ratio test (LRT)=30.16; p〈0.0001), 67 kDa laminin receptor (LRT=9.80; p=0.0017), the IMD/67 kDa laminin receptor interaction (LRT=8.62; p=0.0033), tumor size (LRT=8.56; p=0.0034), and p53 protein (LRT=4.96; p=0.025) are significant and independent prognostic indicators. For OS, only tumor size (LRT=8.34; p=0.0038), menopausal status (LRT=5.16; p=0.023), p53 protein (LRT=4.37; p=0.036), and IMD (LRT=4.05; p=0.044) retain a significant and independent prognostic value. The results of this study confirm the prognostic importance on RFS of the variables previously tested, but not of peritumoral lymphatic vessel invasion. A novel finding is that 67 kDa laminin receptor and the IMD/67 kDa laminin receptor interaction are also significant and independent variables. For OS, the results confirm that both IMD and tumor size are significant and independent variables. With prolonged follow-up the novel finding that emerges is the prognostic importance of menopausal status and p53 protein. This new information could be useful for a more accurate selection of high-risk NNBC patients who require careful follow-up and may benefit from adjuvant therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 36 (1995), S. 169-180 
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: angiogenesis ; breast cancer ; endothelial cell ; prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Abundant evidence has shown that tumor growth and metastasis are dependent upon tumor angiogenesis (TA). TA refers to the growth of new vessels toward and within the tumor. Until TA occurs, tumors grow no larger than 2–4 mm in diameter. Also, TA is necessary at the beginning and at the end of the metastatic cascade of events. Thus, it seems reasonable that increasing intratumoral microvascular density (iMVD) might correlate with greater tumor aggressiveness, such as a higher frequency of metastases and/or decreased survival. Indeed, in 1991 my colleagues and I reported a statistically significant association between greater incidence of metastases in patients with breast carcinoma and increasing iMVD. Microvessel density was measured with a light microscope in a single area of invasive tumor (200x field or 0.74 mm2) representative of the highest microvessel density (neovascular “hot spot”). This was done after endothelial cells, lining the microvessels, had been highlighted with anti-factor VIII-related antigen/von Willebrand's factor (F8RA/vWF). Subsequent studies by other investigators, using either anti-F8RA/vWF or other relatively vessel-specific reagents such as anti-CD31, have shown that the association of greater tumor aggressiveness with increasing iMVD exists not only in breast carcinoma, but also in other solid tumors. This article reviews the methods of highlighting intratumoral vessels and describes the techniques for counting these vessels for assessing iMVD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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