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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the action of cytochrome c: correlating geometry changes upon oxidation with activation energies of electron transfer (1983)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 87 (1983), S. 1683-1694 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100233a010
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An empirical valence bond approach for comparing reactions in solutions and in enzymes (1980)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 102 (1980), S. 6218-6226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00540a008
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Energetics of heme-protein interactions in hemoglobin (1981)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 103 (1981), S. 446-451 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00392a033
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Muscarinic Receptor Subtypes and Receptor-Coupled Phosphatidylinositol Hydrolysis in Rat Bladder Smooth Muscle (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of urology 4 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-2042
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the muscarinic receptor subtypes expressed in rat bladder smooth muscle and characterize the muscarinic receptor-coupled phosphatidylinositol (PI) hydrolysis in order to clarify the first step of bladder smooth muscle contraction. Methods:Expressions of mRNAs of muscarinic receptor subtypes were examined by Northern blot analysis. Changes in the mass of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate(IP3) and the inhibitory effects of muscarinic subtype specific antagonists on PI hydrolysis were determined after carbachol stimulation. Results:mRNAs of m2 and m3 genes, encoding M2 and M3 receptors, were expressed in rat bladder smooth muscle. Carbachol produced a rapid increase of IP3, which returned to the basal level within 30 seconds. 4-Diphenylacetoxyl-N-methylpiperidine methiodide (4-DAMP; M1 and M3 antagonist) strongly inhibited the PI hydrolysis, but methoctramine (M2 antagonist) partially inhibited it at 10-4 mol/L The 1C50 value for atropine was 9.5 times 10-9 mol/L, for pirenzepine 6.4 times 10-6 mol/L, and for 4-DAMP 1.5 times 10-7 mol/L. Conclusion:M2 and M3 receptors are expressed in rat urinary bladder. Only M3 receptor was involved in the production of IP3, which might induce the initial phase of contractile response in rat bladder smooth muscle after carbachol stimulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-2042.1997.tb00315.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The helical hydrophobic moment: a measure of the amphiphilicity of a helix (1982)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 299 (1982), S. 371-374 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Schiffer and Edmundson2 represented helix amphiphilicity by a two-dimensional 'helical wheel' diagram: a projection down the idealized helix axis shows side chains protruding from a circle every 100. Non-polar residues were mainly on one side of the circle, polar and charged residues on the other. ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/299371a0
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Potentials measured from Glycerinated Cardiac Muscle (1967)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 215 (1967), S. 1305-1307 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Nayler and Merrillees3 stated that a transmembrane resting potential persisted in the glycerinated ventricular muscle of the toad, and ranged from ? 37 mV to ? 44 mV in muscle extracted in 50 per cent glycerol for 3 weeks, and from ? 30 mV to 35 mV in muscle extracted for 6 weeks. They suggested ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/2151305a0
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clinically applicable upper tract urodynamics: State of art (1984)
    Springer
    World journal of urology 2 (1984), S. 168-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8726
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The evaluation and appropriate management of the dilated upper urinary tract represents a significant clinically relevant problem. The problem centers around defining what is “obstruction”. That is determining what systems have impaired urinary flow and what degree of flow impairment is required to cause renal function and anatomic changes. Diuretic renography provides a non-invasive and valuable modality for assessing the function of most wide upper urinary tracts. When equivocal results are obtained with diuretic renography, more invasive perfusion studies may be required.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00326996
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Age-dependent changes in particulate and soluble guanylyl cyclase activities in urinary tract smooth muscle (1997)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 169 (1997), S. 115-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: bladder dome ; ureter ; urethra ; aging ; atrial natriuretic factor ; sodium nitroprusside
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Regional and age specific differences are observed in the sodium nitroprusside induced relaxation responses in the urinary tract. To clarify these differences, guanylyl cyclase activity is assayed in particulate and soluble fractions from the ureter, bladder dome, and urethra of young (11-18 days), adult (90-100 days), and old adult (2-3 years) guinea pigs. The rank order of soluble guanylyl cyclase activities is urethra = ureter 〉 bladder dome with the largest decreases with aging occurring in the bladder. Atrial natriuretic factor (10-7 M) increases particulate guanylyl cyclase activity in the three tissues at all ages tested, with the activity being highest in the ureter. ATP (0.5 mM) activates particulate guanylyl cyclase in the ureter, bladder and urethra of old adult guinea pigs, and enhances atrial natriuretic factor induced activation of particulate guanylyl cyclase in all tissues and at all ages tested. The higher levels of soluble guanylyl cyclase activity in the urethra and ureter compared to the bladder parallel sodium nitroprusside induced relaxation in these tissues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006823611864
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of endothelin receptor subtypes and their messenger RNAs in diabetic rat prostate: Effect of insulin treatment (2000)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 210 (2000), S. 1-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: prostate ; endothelin receptors ; diabetes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes causes an upregulation in the expression of endothelin (ET) receptors in the rat prostate (Eur J Pharmacol 310:197, 1996). We examined the effects of insulin treatment, started 8 weeks after the induction of diabetes, on the expression and distribution of ET receptors and their respective mRNAs in the rat prostate. The densities, pharmacological properties and distribution of ET receptors in the rat prostate were examined using radioligand receptor binding and autoradiographic studies, and gene expression of ET receptors was evaluated utilizing the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). STZ-injected rats had smaller prostates and reduced serum testosterone levels than control and insulin treated diabetic animals. ET receptor density was shown to be significantly higher in the prostate from diabetic rats than those from either control or insulin treated diabetic animals. The pharmacological profile of prostatic ET receptors was similar in all groups (approximately 80% ETA; 20% ETB subtype). ET receptors were predominantly localized to the prostatic stroma. Induction of diabetes increased the expression of mRNA levels of ETA and ETB receptors, and insulin treatment reversed this upregulation to control levels. These results indicate that (1) ET receptor subtypes are expressed in the rat prostate as transcription and translation products; (2) insulin can normalize the diabetes-induced upregulation in the expression of ET receptors and their respective mRNAs; and (3) diabetes-induced regression of the prostate may involve an alteration in ET receptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007041909477
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhancement of muscarinic receptor-coupled phosphatidyl inositol hydrolysis in diabetic bladder (1995)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 152 (1995), S. 71-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: diabetes ; rat bladder ; phosphatidyl inositol hydrolysis ; streptozotocin ; muscarinic receptor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We previously have shown an increase in muscarinic receptor density in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic and sucrosefed diuretic rat detrusor that correlates with an increase in the contractile response to muscarinic agonist (J Pharmacol Exp Ther 248: 81, 1989; Diabetes 40: 265, 1991). To investigate the signal transduction pathway involved in this altered functional response, we examined muscarinic receptor-coupled phosphatidylinositol metabolism in STZ-diabetic, sucrose-fed diuretic and age-matched control rat bladders. [3H]myo-inositol uptake was similar in all groups, but incorporation of myo-inositol into phosphatidylinositol (PI) was significantly increased in the diabetic bladder compared to the sucrose-fed and control rat bladders. Carbachol-induced increase in inositol phosphate (IPs) production was higher in the diabetic bladder than in bladders from control and sucrose-fed animals although the EC50 values were similar for all groups. Enhanced inositol phosphate production after muscarinic agonist stimulation may be due not only to the upregulation of muscarinic receptors but also to the increased incorporation of myo-inositol into PI in the STZ-induced diabetic bladder.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01076465
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