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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An Empirical Analysis of Retailer Participation Decisions in a Downtown Parking Coupon Program (1998)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishers Inc.
    Journal of regional science 38 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Parking coupon programs help downtown shopping areas attract consumers away from suburban shopping centers. Here we conduct an empirical analysis of retailer participation in such a program. Consistent with expectations, participation was higher for stores in shopping centers than for street-front retailers, for stores receiving subsidies for coupon purchase, and for stores selling comparison-shopping goods than for stores selling goods bought on one-stop, single-purpose or multipurpose-shopping trips. Participation also varied with numbers of competitors, chain membership, and store vintage. Apparently, participation is a local public good for downtown retailers and stores are inclined to free ride.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0022-4146.00079
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SPATIAL PREDATION IN A CANADIAN RETAIL OLIGOPOLY (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 24 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9787.1984.tb00812.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE EFFECTS OF SHOPPING CENTER OWNERSHIP ON CENTER COMPOSITION IN PLANNED AND UNPLANNED SHOPPING CENTER HIERARCHIES (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Papers in regional science 72 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5957
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: This paper undertakes an empirical examination of the internal composition of planned and unplanned shopping centers in planned and unplanned shopping center hierarchies. In both hierarchies, in comparison to planned centers, unplanned centers are found to have more replication of stores of types for which replication would represent excess capacity and fewer stores of types for which replication would reduce consumer search costs. It is also expected that constraints on entry in the planned hierarchy will result in higher turnover rates in a less regulated non-hierarchical sector of retailing and that planned and unplanned centers within the planned hierarchy will have similar turnover rates. These hypotheses are also confirmed by empirical tests.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1435-5597.1993.tb01861.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    NEW COMPETITION IN SHOPPING-CENTER HIERARCHIES: AN EMPIRICAL COMPARISON OF ALTERNATIVE SPECIFICATIONS (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 28 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: . Within the framework of an existing hierarchy of shopping centers, Voronoi diagrams at each level of the hierarchy are used to define infringement on existing centers by new entrants. We distinguish four intensities of infringement—that is, four categorizations of when existing centers face new competition—and label shopping centers accordingly. Our aim is to determine empirically which type of new competition is best explained by various attributes of the incumbent centers. To accomplish this, logit analysis is used to relate the above labels to market-area population, store turnover, age, and hierarchical level of each shopping center in Edmonton, Alberta.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9787.1988.tb01086.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Book reviews (1988)
    Springer
    The annals of regional science 22 (1988), S. 91-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0592
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01286405
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluating a supermarket relocation strategy using spatial competition analysis (1989)
    Springer
    The annals of regional science 23 (1989), S. 137-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0592
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography , Economics
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of this paper is to show, in the context of a specific labor relations case, that spatial competition analysis can help regulatory authorities evaluate a firm's location strategy. The case involves the relocation of a supermarket franchisee, and two alternative explanations for the move are advanced. In the first explanation, it is argued that the supermarket relocation can be a form of strategic behavior that provides the least costly way of circumventing an institutional constraint that would otherwise make it difficult to convert a store from union to nonunion status. The second explanation is that the move is motivated by competitive considerations, particularly the desire of the franchisor to save a failing franchisee by moving it, and so that a new franchise could be opened in the vacated store and compete more aggressively with a recent entrant. A locational investigation, in conjunction with a regression analysis of sales data, support the rejection of the second explanation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01582003
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spatial Price Discrimination: The Use of Parking Coupons by Downtown Retailers (1997)
    Springer
    Review of industrial organization 12 (1997), S. 417-438 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7160
    Keywords: Price discrimination ; coupons ; retailers ; shopping center competition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract Price discrimination in monopolistically competitive markets affects firms' joint profits through several pecuniary and nonpecuniary externalities. Discrimination is a public good if the net effect is positive. Using a random utility shopping destination choice model we investigate the effect of a downtown parking coupon program that discriminates in favor of suburban consumers and against consumers based downtown. The program appears profitable for downtown stores collectively, but in the noncooperative Nash equilibrium stores do not participate. Participation is thus subject to free-riding. As the subsidy rate required to induce participation rises, profits fall. Whatever the subsidy rate, social surplus declines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007795629282
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Double Marginalization and Privatization in Liquor Retailing (2000)
    Springer
    Review of industrial organization 16 (2000), S. 399-415 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7160
    Keywords: Double marginalization ; liquor stores ; privatization ; vertical integration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of this paper is to examine the price andstore count predictions of the spatial and non-spatialmodels of vertical integration between an upstreammonopolist and a downstream monopolisticallycompetitive retail industry using data from Alberta'srecently privatized liquor retailing industry. Thisindustry, which had been a government owned monopoly,became monopolistically competitive underprivatization. The models predict that verticaldisintegration will lead to higher retail prices andan increase in the store count in markets that cansupport multiple stores. Both predictions aresupported by liquor store count and price data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007876503344
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of shopping center ownership on center composition in planned and unplanned shopping center hierarchies (1993)
    Springer
    Papers in regional science 72 (1993), S. 25-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5957
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper undertakes an empirical examination of the internal composition of planned and unplanned shopping centers in planned and unplanned shopping center hierarchies. In both hierarchies, in comparison to planned centers, unplanned centers are found to have more replication of stores of types for which replication would represent excess capacity and fewer stores of types for which replication would reduce consumer search costs. It is also expected that constraints on entry in the planned hierarchy will result in higher turnover rates in a less regulated non-hierarchical sector of retailing and that planned and unplanned centers within the planned hierarchy will have similar turnover rates. These hypotheses are also confirmed by empirical tests.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01538348
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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