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Surface enhanced Raman scattering in the near infrared using metal nanoshell substrates (1999)

Oldenburg, Steven J. ; Westcott, Sarah L. ; Averitt, Richard D. ; [et al.]

College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)

The Journal of Chemical Physics 111 (1999), S. 4729-4735

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ISSN: 1089-7690

Source: AIP Digital Archive

Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology

Notes: A metal nanoshell is a composite nanoparticle consisting of a dielectric core coated by a thin metal shell; its peak plasmon resonance wavelength is determined by the ratio of the core diameter to the shell thickness. When p-mercaptoaniline (p-MA) is in solution with gold nanoshells that have their plasmon resonance near a 1.06 μm excitation source, significant surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is observed. The strongest Raman enhancements are obtained when enough gold is deposited on the silica cores to form a nearly complete metal shell. Correlations between transmission electron microscopy (TEM)-defined structure, ultraviolet (UV)-visible spectra, SERS signal strength, and electromagnetic theory show that the SERS signal is due to both the local enhancement of the dielectric field via the plasmon resonance of the nanostructure and to the localized regions of high field intensity provided by the nearly completed gold shell. Comparison with SERS enhancements on completed nanoshell structures indicates the relative contribution of these two effects. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.479235

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Distribution of vestibulospinal synaptic input to cat triceps surae motoneurons (1995)

Westcott, Sarah L. ; Powers, Randall K. ; Robinson, Farrel R. ; [et al.]

Springer

Experimental brain research 107 (1995), S. 1-8

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ISSN: 1432-1106

Keywords: Deiters' nucleus ; Vestibulospinal system ; Motoneurons ; Synaptic input ; Synaptic currents ; Cat

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Medicine

Notes: Abstract We applied supramaximal, repetitive stimulation to the lateral vestibular nucleus (Deiters' nucleus, DN) at 200 Hz to evoke steady-state synaptic potentials in ipsilateral triceps surae motoneurons of the cat. The effective synaptic currents underlying these potentials were measured using a modified voltage-clamp technique. The steady-state effective synaptic currents evoked by activating DN were generally small and depolarizing (mean±SD 2.5±2.6 nA). DN stimulation generated hyperpolarizing synaptic currents in 2 of the 34 triceps motoneurons studied. The effective synaptic currents from DN tended to be larger in putative type F motoneurons than in putative type S cells (type F mean 3.0±3.1 nA; type S mean 1.8±1.0 nA). There was a statistically significant difference between the inputs to putative type FF and putative type S motoneurons (mean difference 2.8 nA, t=2.87, P〈0.01). The synaptic input from DN to medial gastrocnemius motoneurons had approximately the same mean amplitude as that from homonymous la afferent fibers. However, the distribution of DN input with respect to putative motor unit type was the opposite of that previously reported for Ia afferent input. Thus, the synaptic input from DN might act to compress the range of recruitment thresholds within the motoneuron pool and thereby increase the gain of its input-output function.