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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The role of bacterial motility in the survival and spread of Pseudomonas fluorescens in soil and in the attachment and colonisation of wheat roots (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology ecology 36 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Motile and non-motile strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25 were constructed using different combinations of the lacZY, xylE and aph marker genes which allowed their detection and differentiation in soil, root and seed samples. The survival of motile and non-motile strains was investigated in both non-competitive and competitive assays in water and non-sterile soil. Although there was no difference between strains in water, the motile strain survived in significantly greater numbers than the non-motile strain after 21 days in soil. There was no significant difference between competitive assays, where motile and non-motile cells were co-inoculated into soil, and non-competitive assays where strains were inoculated separately. Bacterial survival decreased as matric potential increased from −224 to −17 kPa but matric potential had no significant effect on motile compared to non-motile strains. Vertical spread of both motile and non-motile strains was detected 6.4 mm from the inoculum zone after 14 days in the absence of percolating water. There was no significant difference, for either strain, in distance moved from the inoculum zone after 14, 26 or 40 days. The motile strain had a significant advantage in attachment to sterile wheat roots in both non-competitive and competitive studies. When the spatial colonisation of wheat root systems was assessed in non-sterile soil, there was no significant difference between the motile and non-motile strain from either seed or soil inoculum. However, when the whole root system was assessed as one sample unit, differences could be detected. Bacterial motility could contribute to survival in soil and the initial phase of colonisation, where attachment and movement onto the root surface are important.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2001.tb00822.x
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Use of REMI and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation to identify pathogenicity mutants of the biocontrol fungus, Coniothyrium minitans (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 241 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Restriction enzyme mediated integration (REMI) and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation (ATMT) were used to transform protoplasts or germinated conidia of the mycoparasite Coniothyrium minitans to hygromycin resistance. Using REMI, up to 32 transformants μg DNA−1 were obtained, while 37.8 transformants 5 × 105 germlings−1 were obtained using ATMT. Single-copy integrations occurred in 8% and 40% of REMI and ATMT transformants, respectively. A novel microtitre plate-based test was developed to expedite screening of 4000 REMI and ATMT C. minitans transformants. Nine pathogenicity mutants that displayed reduced or no pathogenicity on sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were identified.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.femsle.2004.10.022
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Production of macrosphelide A by the mycoparasite Coniothyrium minitans (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 219 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Coniothyrium minitans, a mycoparasite of sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Sclerotium cepivorum, produced four closely related metabolites inhibitory to fungal growth. The major metabolite, identified as macrosphelide A, had IG50 values (the concentration of metabolite to inhibit growth by 50%) of 46.6 and 2.9 μg ml−1 against S. sclerotiorum and S. cepivorum, respectively. This is the first report of both antifungal activity due to macrosphelide A as well as isolation of macrosphelide A from C. minitans.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1097(02)01180-1
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Production, survival and efficacy of Coniothyrium minitans conidia produced in shaken liquid culture (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 227 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Coniothyrium minitans is a fungal biocontrol agent of the plant pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Growth and sporulation of 21 strains of C. minitans were examined on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and compared with that in potato dextrose broth (PDB) in shaken culture after 12 days at 20°C, to identify strains with potential for inoculum production in liquid culture. Four strains that produced high numbers of pycnidia in PDA also formed pycnidia on mycelial strands in PDB and 107 conidia ml−1 broth were produced. The other strains formed pellets during shaking, resulting in production of less than 105 conidia ml−1. Conidia from shaken PDB culture had the same ability to infect and rot sclerotia of S. sclerotiorum as conidia produced routinely on PDA, and survived well in dry kaolin dust for 6 months at temperatures less than 8°C with less than 1 log10 colony forming units mg−1 loss. These results suggest that it might be possible to identify useful strains of C. minitans for future commercial conidial production in liquid fermentation systems based on morphological characteristics on agar.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1097(03)00666-9
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Characterisation of bacteria from Pinus sylvestris–Suillus luteus mycorrhizas and their effects on root–fungus interactions and plant growth (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology ecology 39 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Bacteria from Pinus sylvestris–Suillus luteus mycorrhizas were isolated, characterised, and their effects on P. sylvestris–S. luteus interactions and plant growth investigated in vitro. The isolates formed five distinct phenotypic and physiological groups. Two of the groups, accounting for 34 of the 55 isolates, consisted of Bacillus spp., with three subgroups represented. The other groups contained Burkholderia spp., Serratia spp. and Pseudomonas spp. Representatives from each bacterial group were used in microcosm experiments to investigate bacterial effects on P. sylvestris–S. luteus interactions. Most Bacillus isolates stimulated growth of S. luteus along the P. sylvestris root, while isolates of Pseudomonas and Serratia inhibited root colonisation by the fungus. Burkholderia and Serratia isolates inhibited ectomycorrhiza formation by 97 and 41% respectively, while a single Bacillus isolate doubled the formation of first order ectomycorrhizal roots. There were no clear relationships between effects of the bacteria on root colonisation by the fungus after 4 weeks, and chitinase production or subsequent ectomycorrhiza formation. However, isolates that inhibited ectomycorrhiza formation appeared to associate preferentially with ectomycorrhizal roots. Several isolates enhanced plant growth substantially, although these effects were unrelated to either root colonisation by the fungus or ectomycorrhiza formation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2002.tb00924.x
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The role of motility in the in vitro attachment of Pseudomonas putida PaW8 to wheat roots (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology ecology 35 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The attachment of motile and non-motile strains of Pseudomonas putida PaW8 to sterile wheat roots was assessed in both non-competitive and intra-specific competitive assays. The motile strain showed significantly greater attachment to wheat roots than non-motile strains in phosphate buffer. Overall, the motile strain attached better than the non-motile strain at 106, 107 and 108 cfu ml−1 in competitive assays and at 106 and 107 cfu ml−1 in non-competitive assays. When attachment was studied in Luria broth no significant difference between motile and non-motile strains was detected. P. putida PaW8 cells marked with the luxAB genes were used to compare direct detection of attached cells by luminometry with indirect detection by dilution plate counts following extraction from root material. Although direct detection permitted a rapid assessment (60 s) of attachment to surfaces, dilution plate counts provided a more sensitive method for quantification of bacteria. The detection limits were approximately 10 cfu root−1 using dilution plate counts compared with 1000 cfu root−1 using luminometry. All results highlighted the importance of motility for the attachment of P. putida to plant roots in simple model systems. To take this work further, studies to assess the role of motility using complex non-sterile systems are needed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2001.tb00788.x
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of a genetically modified Pseudomonas aureofaciens on indigenous microbial populations of wheat (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology ecology 13 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract An isolate of Pseudomonas aureofaciens from the phylloplane of sugar beet which was chromosomally modified for monitors purposes by the insertion of two gene cassettes (kmr-xylE and lacZY) was introduced to the phytosphere of spring wheat in a number of experiments and the resulting microbial perturbations quantified. Such studies involving innocuous bacterial isolates can serve as a guide in the assessment of risk associated with the release of functionally modified microorganisms. Introductions of P. aureofaciens on seeds caused large microbial perturbations (up to 2 log units) at the seedling stage on seeds and roots. As the inoculated plants matured (tillering, flowering and ripening), perturbations of total microbial populations were found to be non-significant. Microbial perturbation on maturing wheat roots as a result of seed inoculations with P. aureofaciens could only be detected using more sensitive monitoring procedures describing the Pseudomonas community in terms of colony appearance rate on a selective Pseudomonas medium. Spray applications of the marked P. aureofaciens isolate onto the leaf surface of wheat caused no significant perturbations of the indigenous microbial present on the phylloplane.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.1994.tb00072.x
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Transfer of plasmid pBC16 between Bacillus thuringiensis strains in non-susceptible larvae (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology ecology 40 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Plasmid transfer was investigated in larvae of insects of the orders Coleoptera, Diptera, and Lepidoptera. The effects of introducing Bacillus thuringiensis strains in live non-susceptible larvae, and in the presence of added insecticidal toxins to kill the larvae, were examined. Plasmid transfer was not detected as the strains passed through non-susceptible live larvae, but was detected when the larvae were toxin-killed. The results indicate that growth of B. thuringiensis and plasmid transfer between strains while simply passing through an insect gut system is an infrequent event. In toxin-killed larvae, a more complex picture was recorded. B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki transferred pBC16 at a lower rate in killed Phaedon cochleriae larvae compared to previous work studying transfer with this strain in susceptible Lacanobia oleracea larvae. Similarly, B. thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis transferred pBC16 in killed L. oleracea larvae, while no transfer in susceptible P. cochleriae larvae was detected. The results indicate that gene transfer was more frequent in killed L. oleracea larvae. When both B. thuringiensis strains were studied in Aedes aegypti, transfer of pBC16 was detected in toxin-killed larvae. This was surprising since in similar studies with strain B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis that kills mosquitoes, transfer of pBC16 was not detected in mosquito cadavers. The improved transfer frequency of B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki and subsp. tenebrionis compared to B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis in laboratory broth culture could account for this difference in detection of transfer within killed insects.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2002.tb00951.x
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Field Release of a Genetically Modified Pseudomonas fluorescens on Wheat: Establishment, Survival and Dissemination (1995)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Company
    Nature biotechnology 13 (1995), S. 1488-1492 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: [Auszug] The establishment, survival and dissemination of a strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens, that was originally isolated from the phylloplane of sugar beet and genetically modified with the marker genes lacZY and kanr-xylE was studied during a field release experiment on wheat. The genetically modified ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt1295-1488
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Potential of Trichoderma spp. as consistent plant growth stimulators (1994)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 17 (1994), S. 85-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Schlagwort(e): Growth stimulator ; Inocula ; Lettuce ; Trichoderma spp.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract In a series of repeated trials, six Trichoderma spp. strains, applied as a dried powder from a liquid fermentation in molasses/yeast medium, proved to be consistent at promoting the growth of lettuce (Latuca sativa L.) seedlings grown in a peat-sand potting compost in the glasshouse. Strains WT, 92, 20, and 75 at 0.75% or 1% w:w concentrations increased shoot dry weight by up to 26%, although WT did inhibit germination. For example, after 4 days only 13% of seeds sown in WT 1% w:w treated compost had germinated, whereas in other treatments germination was consistently greater than 32%. WT increased shoot fresh and dry weights by 14.3 g and 0.6 g per pot, respectively, without affecting the root dry weights, to give concomitant increases in shoot: root ratios of fresh and dry weight. The potential use of these Trichoderma spp. strains for plant growth promotion is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00337738
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