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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EDU and ozone protection: Foliar glycerolipids and steryl lipids in snapbean exposed to O3 (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 80 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Effects of the antiozonant EDU, N-[2-(2-oxo-1-imidazolidinyl) ethyl]-N'-phenylurea, on the content and composition of foliar lipids in snapbean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Bush Blue Lake 290) before and after a single, acute ozone (O3) exposure were assessed. Pretreatment with EDU conferred protection against O3-induced necrosis and losses of glycerolipids and chlorophyll. Systemic treatment of snapbean plants with EDU did not significantly alter membrane lipids in the first trifoliate leaf. Leaves of untreated controls had lost ca 50% of both galacto- (GL) and phospholipids (PL) by the end of a 3 h exposure to 0.4 μl l−1 O3. A decline in the ratio of mono- to di-galactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG/DGDG) was associated with the loss of GL, and a decline in the ratio of linoleic to linolenic acid (18:2/18:3) was associated with the loss of PL in untreated controls. EDU-treated plants showed no significant loss of foliar GL and PL. The MGDG/DGDG ratio declined only slightly, and the 18:2/18:3 ratio in PL increased during O3 exposure of EDU-treated seedlings. The level of total membrane sterols, including free sterols (FS), acylated steryl glycosides (ASG) and steryl glycosides (SG), did not change during O3 exposure of either treated or untreated plants. However, in the controls the proportions of ASG and SG increased at the expense of FS, and the ratio of stigmasterol/sitolsterol increased in FS and SG. In EDU-treated plants, a relatively small increase in SG was offset by a decrease in FS, and there was no change in the stigmasterol/sitosterol ratio in ASG, SG or FS. The results indicate that EDU may confer tolerance to O3 through induction of enzyme systems involved in the elimination of activated oxygen species and free radicals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1990.tb04409.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cloning, characterization and functional expression of a phospholipase Dα cDNA from tomato fruit (2001)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Physiologia plantarum 112 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Phospholipase D (PLD; EC 3.1.4.4) initiates phospholipid (PL) catabolism in plant cells and is also involved in signal transduction and retailoring of membrane PL. Phosphatidic acid (PA), the product of PLD hydrolysis of PL, increases in pericarp tissue during ripening of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) fruit, suggesting that increased PLD activity may be involved in loss of membrane function associated with ripening. However, a recent report showed a decline in soluble PLD activity in both normal and nonripening mutant fruit over the span that encompasses full ripening. To directly assess the role of PLD in tomato ripening, we have initiated a molecular genetic approach. Using a PLDα cDNA from castor bean as a probe, a PLDα cDNA (LEPLD2) was isolated from a tomato fruit library. It has an open reading frame of 2 421 nucleotides, predicted to encode a polypeptide of 807 amino acids, with a molecular mass of 91.9 kDa. These values are close to those of PLDαs from 11 plant species and LEPLD2 has ≥73% nucleotide sequence identity with PLDα cDNAs from castor bean and tobacco, as well as another tomato cDNA. LEPLD2 transcript was detected in all tissues of the tomato plant by RNA gel-blot analysis. Levels were very low in roots, low in stems, moderate in leaves, high in flowers and increased in fruit during development and ripening. Expression of LEPLD2 in Escherichia coli yielded phosphatidylcholine-hydrolyzing enzyme, and cells transformed with a pFLAG-MAC vector construct produced a FLAG-PLDα fusion protein that migrated close to the calculated 94 kDa on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.2001.1120112.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gamma-ray-induced changes in hypodermal mesocarp tissue plasma membrane of pre- and post-storage muskmelon (1996)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Physiologia plantarum 98 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Gamma irradiation (1.0 kGy) of intact, newly harvested, mature muskmelon fruit (Cucumis melo L. var. reticulatus Naud.) appears to have an immediate deleterious effect, but also a long-term beneficial effect, on the integrity and function of the plasma membrane (PM) of hypodermal mesocarp tissue. The initial consequences of gamma irradiation included an increase in the free sterol:phospholipid ratio, resulting at least in part from deglycosylation of steryl glycosides, a decrease in the spinasterol:7-stigmastenol ratio in each of the PM steryl lipids (free sterols, steryl glycosides, and acylated steryl glycosides), and a decrease in H+-ATPase activity. Irradiation did not increase protein loss, suggesting that the decrease in H+-ATPase activity resulted from either direct inactivation of the enzyme or altered PM ordering caused by the steryl lipid modifications. The long-term beneficial effects of irradiation, observed following 10 days of commercial storage, included greater retention of total PM protein, a diminished decline in total PM phospholipids (PL) and in the PL:protein ratio, and maintenance of greater overall H+-ATPase activity (activity was the same as in controls on a per mg protein basis, but there was 〉 30% more protein in the PM of stored irradiated fruit). These results indicate that 1 kGy gamma irradiation administered prior to storage slowes the progression of two key parameters of senescence, PM protein loss and PL catabolism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.1996.980207.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lipid changes in mature-green bell pepper fruit during chilling at 2°C and after transfer to 20°C subsequent to chilling (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 93 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Lipid composition and pigment content in bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L. cv. Bell Tower) fruit that were freshly harvested, chilled 14 days at 2° C. or chilled and then transferred to 20 °C for 3 days (“rewarmed”) were determined. There was slight to moderate loss of membrane glycerolipids during chilling, with much greater losses after chilled fruit was rewarmed. Galactolipid (GL) loss exceeded that of phospholipid (PL). The ratio of monogalactosyl -to digalactosyl-diacylglycerol did not change in chilled or in rewarmed fruit, and there was no chlorophyll loss, but the amount of neutral carotenes declined during chilling and dropped further alter rewarming. Only minor changes in total membrane sterols (TMS = free sterols + steryl glycosides + acylated steryl glycosides) were noted in chilled and in rewarmed fruit (a small increase followed by a small decrease), but major changes occurred in sterol glycosylation and esterification. The ratio of stigmasterol to sitosterol increased during chilling and rose further after rewarming. Due to PL loss, the ratios of TMS and free sterols to PL increased in rewarmed fruit. The ratio of linolenate (18:3) to linoleate (18:2) rose during chilling and after rewarming in all fatty-acyl lipids (GL. PL. and acylated steryl glycosides), but the unsaturation index increased only in GL. These results indicate that most membrane damage occurs after rewarming of chilled fruit and that the chloroplasts are especially chilling sensitive.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1995.tb05117.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Xylanase treatment of plant cells induces glycosylation and fatty acylation of phytosterols (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 91 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Treatment of tobacco suspension cells (Nicotiana tabacum cv. KY 14) with a purified β-1,4-endoxylanase from Trichoderma viride [1 μg enzyme (ml cells)−1] caused a 13-fold increase in the levels of acylated sterol glycosides and elicited the synthesis of phytoalexins. A commercial preparation of xylanase from Trichoderma viride caused an identical shift in sterols. In contrast, a commerical xylanase from Aureobasidium pullaulans had no effect on the levels of acylated sterol glycosides, but did elevate the levels of sterol esters. Treatment of the cells with Cu2+ or Ag+ also evoked a severalfold increase in the levels of acylated sterol glycosides. Analysis of the various sterol lipid classes revealed that the large xylanase-induced increase in acylated sterol glycosides occurred at the expense of sterol esters, free sterols and sterol glycosides. Further analyses revealed that the most abundant phytosterol in each of the four classes of sterol lipids was β-sitosterol. Linoleic acid was the most abundant fatty acid in the sterol esters, and palmitic and linoleic acids were the most abundant fatty acids in the acylated sterol glycosides. Glucose was the only sugar moiety in the sterol glycoside and acvlated sterol glycosides. Glucose was the only sugar moiety in the sterol glycoside and acylated sterol glycoside fractions. The results of the present study demonstrate that xylanase from Trichoderma viride induces a dramatic shift in the level of acylated sterol glycosides, indicating that endoxylanase was probably the active component in the cellulase enzyme preparations used in our previous study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1994.tb02990.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of paclobutrazol and chilling on leaf membrane lipids in cucumber seedlings (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 70 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The effects of paclobutrazol on the leaf membrane lipid composition of seedlings of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Victory) subjected to chilling temperatures were assessed. At a non-injurious temperature (12.5°C), there was no difference in the polar lipid fatty acid composition or in the glycolipid, phospholipid or free sterol content of leaves from treated vs untreated seedlings, regardless of whether paclobutrazol was administered 1 or 7 days prior to analysis. In the latter case (7 days pretreatment), there were clear effects of the bioregulator on plant growth and morphology as well as on leaf chlorophyll content. At an injurious chilling temperature (5°C), desaturation of leaf polar lipid fatty acids was markedly reduced in both treated and untreated seedlings. Chilling at 5°C resulted in losses of fresh weight and membrane lipids in leaves of both groups of plants. These losses were either reversible or irreversible, depending upon the duration of chilling and of pretreatment with paclobutrazol. Seedlings pretreated with 10 μg ml−1 paclobutrazol generally sustained less chilling injury than untreated controls, as judged by the extent of wilting, necrosis and desiccation. This correlated with reduced losses of leaf fresh Weight and membrane lipids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1987.tb02836.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bud formation in Funaria hygrometrica: A comparison of the activities of three cytokinins with their ribosides (1974)
    Springer
    Planta 121 (1974), S. 93-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The activities of the cytokinins benzyladenine (BA), 6-(3-methylbut-2-enylamino)purine (IPA) and zeatin in promoting bud formation in protonemata of Funaria hygrometrica (L.) Sibth. were compared to the biological activities of the corresponding ribosides. Cytokinins were found to have considerably higher hormonal activity as free bases than as ribosides. This observation will be discussed in relation to the chemical identity of the celldivision factor (CDF) isolated from crown gall tumors of Vinca rosea L.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00384010
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    News & Notes: The Effect of Ethanol and Oxygen on the Growth of Zymomonas mobilis and the Levels of Hopanoids and Other Membrane Lipids (1997)
    Springer
    Current microbiology 35 (1997), S. 124 -128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0991
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Zymomonas mobilis (ATCC 29191) was grown either aerobically or anaerobically in the presence of 2% (wt/vol) glucose and 0, 3, or 6% (vol/vol) ethanol. The rates of growth and the composition of hopanoids, cellular fatty acids, and other lipids in the bacterial membranes were quantitatively analyzed. The bacterium grew in the presence of 3% and 6% ethanol and was more ethanol tolerant when grown anaerobically. In the absence of ethanol, hopanoids comprised about 30% (by mass) of the total cellular lipids. Addition of ethanol to the media caused complex changes in the levels of hopanoids and other lipids. However, there was not a significant increase in any of the hopanoid lipid classes as ethanol concentration was increased. As previously reported, vaccenic acid was the most abundant fatty acid in the lipids of Z. mobilis, and its high constitutive levels were unaffected by the variations in ethanol and oxygen concentrations. A cyclopropane fatty acid accounted for 2.6–6.4 wt % of the total fatty acids in all treatments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002849900224
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