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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of electron density on shock wave propagation in optically pumped plasmas (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 91 (2002), S. 2604-2610 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: This article discusses experimental studies of spark-generated shock wave propagation in CO-laser sustained optically pumped CO–Ar–O2 plasmas. The rotational-translational temperature of the plasma is measured by Fourier transform infrared emission spectroscopy. The electron density in the plasma is determined by microwave attenuation. The line-of-sight averaged density distribution across the propagating shock is detected by photoacoustic deflection (PAD). The measurements show that adding small amounts of oxygen (up to 0.1%) to the baseline optically pumped CO–Ar plasma increases the electron density and the ionization fraction by more than an order of magnitude (up to ne=0.9×1010 cm−3 and ne/N=0.8×10−8, respectively), while the gas temperature remains nearly constant, within 3%–5%. Therefore this approach allows varying the electron density in the plasma nearly independently of the gas temperature. The PAD measurements show considerable apparent weakening and dispersion of a shock wave propagating in the optically pumped plasma with a strong radial temperature gradient, compared to the shock propagating in a cold nonionized gas. However, varying the electron density independently of the gas temperature does not produce any detectable effect on the measured gas density distribution across the propagating shock. It is therefore concluded that the observed shock weakening is entirely due to the radial temperature gradient sustained by resonance absorption of the CO laser radiation near the centerline of the shock tube and is not affected by the presence of the charged species in the plasma. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1435829
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Interfacial reactions in the SiO2/Ru and SiO2/Ru/Al-Si structures (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 5751-5762 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The interfacial reactions in the structures of Si/SiO2 (500 nm)/Ru (65 nm) (up to 950 °C) and Si/SiO2 (500 nm)/Ru (72 nm)/Al-0.8 wt % Si (630 nm) (up to 700 °C), were studied by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, Auger electron spectroscopy, x-ray diffractometry, selected-area electron diffraction, energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. A thin film of Ru was stable on a SiO2 substrate up to 30 min in a vacuum anneal at 950 °C. In vacuum, a fast interfacial reaction between the Ru thin film and the Al-Si overlayer started between 550 and 575 °C, resulting in the formation of a Si/SiO2/ RuAl2/(Ru4Al13)Al-Si layer sequence. Similar to the reactions between Pt group metals and Al, the Ru/Al reaction is nonuniform. It is controlled by a nucleation mechanism and is accompanied by void formation. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.359220
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Life Cycle Assessment (1993)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Environmental science & technology 27 (1993), S. 1016-1017 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5851
    Quelle: ACS Legacy Archives
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Energietechnik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00043a614
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Doing the right thing in exporting hazardous technologies (1991)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Environmental science & technology 25 (1991), S. 1964-1970 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5851
    Quelle: ACS Legacy Archives
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Energietechnik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00024a002
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    REVOLUTIONARY IDEOLOGY AND URBAN REFORM IN PERU (1976)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Antipode 8 (1976), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8330
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8330.1976.tb00699.x
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    RISK, COMPENSATION, AND REGIONAL EQUITY IN LOCATING HAZARDOUS FACILITIES (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Papers in regional science 67 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5957
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geographie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Hazardous facility siting policies have shifted gradually from an exclusive focus on risk mitigation measures to strategies which combine mitigation unit compensation for unavoidable risks. Despite widespread practice among regional and state government entities, such strategies have achieved limited success. We argue that risk sharing through dispersion and downscaling of facilities is a key adjunct to compensation, with the potential to alleviate many stalemates which pervade current siting processes. A prescriptive risk-sharing model, inspired by a growing number of equity-oriented siting policies, elucidates the trade-offs between spatial equity, compensation, and facility costs. We conclude that equity considerations are likely to emerge as a primary criterion in the next generation of siting processes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1435-5597.1989.tb01180.x
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Negotiated Compensation for Solid-Waste Disposal Facility Siting: An Analysis of the Wisconsin Experience (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Risk analysis 12 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Since enacting a unique facility siting law in 1981, Wisconsin has had unusual success in siting solid-waste management facilities. The law mandates a state-level technical review and licensing process and a local-level negotiation/arbitration process that deals with host community impacts and concerns. Data from the negotiated compensation agreements, a survey of facility proposers, and secondary data for the host communities are analyzed in relation to compensation levels. Concerns with community image and health risks and with facility management and equity issues are found to significantly and substantially increase negotiated compensation levels. In contrast, a focus on logistics and transportation concerns is associated with lower levels of compensation. Compensation increases with facility capacity but at a less than proportional rate. Higher levels of compensation are obtained by communities that accept compensation “in kind” in the form of free or reduced fees for host community waste disposal.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1992.tb00707.x
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Boundary-layer depth and entrainment zone characterization with a boundary-layer profiler (1994)
    Springer
    Boundary layer meteorology 68 (1994), S. 375-385 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1472
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A technique for determining the height of the convective atmospheric boundary layer (CBL) with a 915 MHz boundary-layer profiler is discussed. The results are compared with CBL heights determined from radiosonde measurements. The profiler provides continuous CBL height measurements with very good time resolution (30 minutes or less), allowing for detailed understanding of the growth and fluctuations of the CBL. In addition, the profiler provides information about the degree of definition of the CBL top and the thickness of the entrainment zone. The measurements discussed were taken during the Rural Oxidants in the Southern Environment II (ROSE II) experiment.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00706797
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Risk, compensation, and regional equity in locating hazardous facilities (1989)
    Springer
    Papers in regional science 67 (1989), S. 29-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5957
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geographie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract Hazardous facility siting policies have shifted gradually from an exlusive focus on risk mitigation measures to strategies which combine mitigation and compensation for unavoidable risks. Despite widespread practice among regional and state government entities, such strategies have achieved limited success. We argue that risk sharing through dispersion and downscaling of facilities is a key adjunct to compensation, with the potential to alleviate many stalemates which pervade current siting processes. A prescriptive risk-sharing model, inspired by a growing number of equity-oriented siting policies, elucidates the trade-offs between spatial equity, compensation, and facility costs. We conclude that equity considerations are likely to emerge as a primary criterion in the next generation of siting processes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01934665
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