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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of sodium selenite on microbial activity of mull, moder and mor soils (1988)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 6 (1988), S. 148-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Selenite ; Se-effects on soil ; Mull ; Moder ; Mor ; N-Mineralization ; Enzym activity ; CO2-production
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Effects of Na2SeO3 on microbial activity of mull, moder and mor soils were investigated with perfusion experiments under controlled laboratory conditions. Treatments with Se at 50 mg/kg reduced carbon dioxide production and dehydrogenase activity in the mor and moder soils. Se at 250 (Ah) to 1000 (L) mg/kg had to be added to the mull soil in order to affect both parameters. In contrast to the effect on respiration and dehydrogenase activity, N mineralization, especially ammonification, was stimulated by the addition of Se. This is probably due to secondary effects such as dissolution of organic matter and P desorption. The relative inhibition of arylsulfatase activity was closely correlated with a decrease in soil respiration. It was conduded that the reduction of arylsulfatase activity in Se-treated soils was the result of a reduction in enzyme synthesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00257665
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Combination effects of heavy metals and fluoranthene on soil bacteria (1997)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 25 (1997), S. 274-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Heavy metals ; Fluoranthene ; Combination effects ; Soil bacteria ; Ecotoxicity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The effects of (1) Cd, Cu, Zn, and fluoranthene (FLA), separately applied, and (2) combinations of one of these heavy metals with FLA on the growth of bacteria were studied in agar plate experiments. The bacteria were extracted from A horizons of a Eutric Regosol and a Calcic Chernozem. Significant reductions of bacterial counts were observed for both soils at concentrations 〉 1.0 mg Cd l–1, 0.5 mg Cu l–1, and 0.5 mg Zn l–1, respectively. Additions of FLA up to 100 mg l–1 did not result in increasing reductions of bacterial growth in the Regosol. Only 0.5, 2, and 100 mg FLA l–1 caused significant reductions of 22–27%. Bacterial counts were not affected by 0.2 mg FLA l–1. Low concentrations of heavy metals which were not affective when added separately were found to reduce bacterial growth when applied in combination with 0.2 mg FLA l–1. At higher levels of heavy metals up to 2.5 mg l–1, addition of FLA also increased the toxicity of the metals. It is assumed that the enhancement of toxicity by FLA is due to an alteration of the permeability of bacterial cell membranes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050314
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long-term effects of different inorganic pollutants on nitrogen transformations in a sandy cambisol (1989)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 7 (1989), S. 254-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: N-mineralisation ; Nitrification ; Arginine ammonification ; Inorganic pollutants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Long-term effects of 12 inorganic pollutants on N transformations were studied in a sandy cambisol. As, Be, Br, Cd, Cr, F, Pb, Hg, Se, Sn, and V were added to the soil as inorganic salts in 1975 and 1976. Soil samples were taken in 1984 to determine total N mineralisation and nitrification. All pollutants except Se and Sn inhibited N mineralisation. The most toxic elements under investigation were Be and Hg. Nitrification was reduced to a lower degree than total N mineralisation. As, Be, Cd, Cr, F, Pb, Se, and Sn failed to inhibit this process at all. It is assumed that nitrifying bacteria became adapted to these pollutants in the course of time. The arginine-ammonification method was less sensitive in detecting the effects of pollutants on N transformation than the N mineralisation test.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00709657
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fluoride-induced changes in chemical properties and microbial activity of mull, moder and mor soils (1987)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 5 (1987), S. 49-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Fluoride ; F-effects on soils ; Mull ; Moder ; Mor ; Dehydrogenase activity (DHA) ; Alkaline phosphatase ; Arylsulphatase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Fluoride-induced changes of chemical properties and microbial activities in humus soils were investigated in 12-week lysimeter experiments. The mull soil showed the highest F-adsorption capacity, in which 94% of the fluoride added was retained after addition of 4.5 mg F/cm2 as NaF. The moder and mor soils only adsorbed 52% and 41%, respectively. F-additions induced leaching of organic matter, Fe, Al and P and increases in soil pH in the moder and mor. In contrast no Al, Fe and P was leached from the mull and only minor amounts of organic matter dissolved after a single application of 4.5 mg F/cm2. Treatments with NaF up to 3700 mg F/kg did not significantly reduce respiration in any of the humus forms. Dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and arylsulfatase activities as well as nitrification were inhibited at much lower F-additions in the moder and mor soils. A significant decrease in ammonification was observed in the moder. In contrast, microbial processes in the mull soil were not inhibited. This is due to its high adsorption capacity and the relatively low toxicity of F-ions. According to computations using GEOCHEM, the F-ion was the most abundant species in mull lysimeter leachates. Leachates of moder and mor soils contained mainly AIF-complexes (90%–99%). The lack of any effects from NaF treatment on soil respiration is attributed to the observed positive effects, e.g. dissolution of organic matter, desorption of P and increases in soil pH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264346
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of single and successive additions of cadmium, nickel and zinc on carbon dioxide evolution and dehydrogenase activity in a sandy luvisol (1991)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 11 (1991), S. 34-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Cadmium ; Nickel ; Zinc ; Successive addition ; Soil respiration ; Dehydrogenase activity ; Carbon dioxide production
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The effects of single and successive additions of Cd, Ni, and Zn on CO2 evolution and dehydrogenase activity in a sandy luvisol were investigated in batch experiments under laboratory conditions. Successive additions of Cd, Ni, and Zn inhibited soil respiration relatively more than single doses, even before the same amount of metals had been added. In general, split additions of all metals reduced dehydrogenase activities in all soils to a lesser degree until the 28th day. Thereafter both modes of metal addition had the same effects throughout although the last successive addition was added on the 35th day. It is assumed that the relatively greater effect, especially on CO2 evolution, of successive additions during the first period was due to short-term increases metal concentrations in the soil solution after each application.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00335831
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soil-Based Phytotoxicity of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) to Terrestrial Higher Plants (1999)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 36 (1999), S. 152-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Seed germination and early stage seedling growth tests were conducted to determine the ecotoxicological threshold of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) in two soils of different properties. Soils were amended up to 1,600 mg TNT kg−1 soil and four representative species of higher plants, two dicotyledons (Lepidium sativum L., common name: cress; and Brassica rapa Metzg., turnip) and two monocotyledons (Acena sativa L., oat; and Triticum aestivum L., wheat), were assessed. Cumulative seed germination and fresh shoot biomass were measured as evaluation endpoints. Phytotoxicity of TNT was observed to be affected by soil properties and varied between plant species. Cress and turnip showed higher sensitivity to TNT than did oat and wheat. The lowest observable adverse effect concentration (LOAEC) of TNT derived from this study was 50 mg kg−1 soil. In contrast to high TNT concentrations, low levels of TNT, i.e., 5–25 mg kg−1 soil for cress and turnip and 25–50 mg kg−1 for oat and wheat, stimulated seedling growth. Oat was capable of tolerating as much as 1,600 mg TNT kg−1 and demonstrated a potential ability of TNT detoxification in one of the soils tested, suggesting that this plant might be useful in the bioremediation of TNT contaminated soils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002449900455
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The uptake of copper by plants dominantly growing on copper mining spoils along the Yangtze River, the People's Republic of China (1999)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 209 (1999), S. 225-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Elsholtzia haichowensis Sun., Commelina communis Linn., and Rumex acetosa Linn. are the dominant species that vastly grow over the copper mining spoil heaps and copper-contaminated soil of the areas along the middle and lower streams of the Yangtze River. Each has its own ecological habits. Chemical analytical data show that these plants can accumulate copper to various extents, depending on the copper content of the supporting soils and plant species. The highest concentration copper was found in R. acetosa with the leaf copper concentration ranging from 340 to 1102 mg/kg and averaging 601 mg/kg (dry weight basis). C. communis also contained high copper concentration in its leaves ranging from 19 to 587 mg/kg and averaging 157 mg/kg. E. haichowensis has the lowest copper concentration in its leaves from 18 to 391 mg/kg and averaging 102 mg/kg. The copper content of the soils supporting all the species varies to a great extent from place to place. All these lines of evidence suggest that E. haichowensis, C. communis, and R. acetosa can serve as pioneer species for reclamation of copper mined land and can be used as model plants for investigation of plant tolerance mechanisms, and geochemical prospecting.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004599715411
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of de-icing salt on soil enzyme activity (1983)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 20 (1983), S. 211-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Effects of de-icing salt on dehydrogenase, urease, alkalihephosphatase and arylsulfatase activity ofO L andA h-horizons of a moder and a mull soil were investigated using a field experiment. Additions of 2.5 kg m−2 and 5.0 kg m−2 of de-icing salt reduced activities of most enzymes within four weeks. Eleven months after salt addition there was nearly no reduction of enzyme activity to be measured on salt treated soils. The percentage of reduced enzyme activity was generally higher in the moder soil. It was concluded that reductions of enzyme activity were due to decreases of microbial activity and not to inactivation of enzymes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00279631
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