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  • 1
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Blood coagulation is initiated when tissue factor binds to coagulation factor Vila to give an enzymatically active complex which then activates factors IX and X, leading to thrombin generation and clot formation. We have determined the crystal structure at 2.0-Å resolution of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European food research and technology 171 (1980), S. 85-94 
    ISSN: 1438-2385
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der Gehalt an stabilen and natürlichen radioaktiven Isotopen in Lebensmitteln ist oft typisch für deren Herkunft and Verarbeitung. Anhand eines ordnenden Überblicks der Resultate aus den letzten zehn Jahren werden die Möglichkeiten entsprechender Messungen aufgezeigt. Die große Mehrzahl dieser Untersuchungen befaßt sich mit der13C-Analyse und betrifft vor allem die Produkte Zucker, Honig, Sirupe, Essig, Alkohol und Spirituosen. Darüber hinaus finden sich eine Reihe von Daten über Bier, Fette, Öle, Fleisch, Molkereiprodukte, Eier and einige Hilfs- und Zusatzstoffe. Die wichtigste Unterscheidungsmöglichkeit besteht in der Zuordnung von Produkten aus Mais und/oder Zuckerrohr („schwere” Pflanzen oder C4-Pflanzen) bzw. Produkten aus den iibrigen wichtigen Kulturpflanzen („leichte” Pflanzen oder C3-Pflanzen). Streubreiten and Nachweisgrenzen sowie künftige Möglichkeiten, vor allem die Messung von Stickstoff-und Schwefelisotopen, werden diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary The content of stable and naturally radioactive isotopes in food is often typical of its origin and manufacturing. On the basis of a classifying review of results from the last decade the possibilities of corresponding measurements are demonstrated. The majority of these studies deals with13C analysis and mainly concerns products as sugar, honey, sirup, vinegar, ethanol, and spirituous liquors. Furthermore data on beer, oils, fats, meats, dairy products, eggs, and some additives and aids are presented. The most important application is the differentiation between products originating from maize and/or sugar cane (‘heavy’ plants or C4 plants) and products from the other major cultivated plants (“light” plants or C3 plants). Standard deviations and detection limits as well as future possibilities, mainly concerning the determination of nitrogen and sulfur isotopes are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 109 (1976), S. 619-632 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Conformational Control in the Mass Spectra of Isomeric Methyl-1,3-cyclohexanediol Alkyl EthersIn the mass spectra of stereoisomeric 2- and 5-methyl-1,3-cyclohexanediol alkyl ethers, the configuration of the C-methyl group leads to secondary stereochemical effects in the eliminations specific of the diol configuration: 1. The 1,3-ROH elimination of the trans-1,3-diol derivatives 4 (R=H, Me, Et, Si(CH3)3) prefers the axial group RaO of the more stable conformer compared to the equatorial group ReO, and occurs more rapidly than ring inversion. In the spectra of the 2-Me derivatives 5 these selective 1,3-eliminations of ROH are less intense because of favored ring cleavages. - 2. The stereoselective aldehyde eliminations of the cis-1,3-diol dialkyl ethers 6 do not show conformational control; here the C-methyl configuration determines the products according to the Curtin-Hammett principle. In β-7 the conformational energy of the axial 2-Me group accelerates the ring cleavages at the expense of the aldehyde eliminations.
    Notes: In den Massenspektren stereoisomerer 2- und 5-Methyl-1,3-cyclohexandiol-alkyläther führt die Konfiguration der C-Methylgruppe zu stereochemischen Sekundäreffekten bei den für die Diolkonfiguration spezifischen Eliminierungen: 1. Die 1,3-ROH-Eliminierung aus den trans-1,3-Diolderivaten 4 (R=H, Me, ät, Si(CH3)3) bevorzugt die axiale Gruppe RaO des stabileren Konformeren im Vergleich zur äquatorialen Gruppe ReO und verläuft schneller als die Ringinversion. In den Spektren der 2-Me-Derivate 5 sind diese selektiven 1,3-ROH-Eliminierungen wegen begünstigter Ringspaltungen weniger intensiv. - 2. Die stereoselektive Aldehydeliminierung der cis-1,3-Diol-dialkyläther 6 zeigt keine konformative Kontrolle; hier bestimmt die C-Me-Konfiguration die Produkte nach dem Curtin-Hammett-Prinzip. Bei β-7 beschleunigt die Konformationsenergie der axialen 2-Me-Gruppe die Ringspaltungen auf Kosten der Aldehydeliminierungen.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 109 (1976), S. 633-639 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Hydrogen Bridge Effects in the Mass Spectra of the 5-Methyl-1,3-cyclohexanediolsThe mass spectra of the epimeric 5-methyl-1r,3-cis-cyclohexanediols 3 and 4 and their O,O′-D2-derivatives show that teh H2O elimination with loss of both OH hydrogen atoms selectively depends on the 5-CH3 configuration, and parallels the portion of conformers with intramolecular hydrogen bridge before ionization. Apparently in the H-bridged molecular ions the H2O elimination occurs more rapidly than ring inversion with cleavage of the H-bridge. This effect is also observed for related cyclic cis-diols and their monomethyl ethers.
    Notes: Die Massenspektren der epimeren 5-Methyl-1r,3-cis-cyclohexandiole 3 und 4 und ihrer O,O′-D2-Derivate zeigen, daß die H2O-Abspaltung unter Verlust beider OH-Wasserstoffatome selektiv von der 5-CH3-Konfiguration abhängt und etwa proportional zu dem vor der Ionisierung vorliegenden Konformerenanteil mit intramolekularer H-Brücke erfolgt. Offenbar läuft in den H-verbrückten Molekül-Ionen die H2O-Eliminierung schneller ab als die Ringinversion unter Öffnung der H-Brücke. Dieser Effekt wird auch bei verwandten cyclischen cis-Diolen und ihren Monomethyläthern beobachtet.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The temperature dependence of the isobutane chemical ionization (CI.) mass spectra of 54 open-chain, cyclic and unsaturated C5- to C10-alcohols was studied at temperatures ranging from 60 to 250°, and enthalpy changes were calculated for the corresponding main reactions of typical alcohols.The CI. reactivity is controlled by the temperature and the substrate structure as usual, and in addition, by the molecular size. The combination of thermal, structural and substrate-size effects leads to the following main conclusions.At low-reactivity conditions, i.e. at 150° or less, the alcohols with less than 11 C-atoms give four distinct types of spectra, with (M - OH)+ usually as the base peak. The characteristic ions are MC4H9+ and (M - H)+ for primary, MH+ and (MC4H9 - H2O)+ for secondary, (MC4H9 - H2O)+ for tertiary and allyl-type alcohols. Configurational assignments of stereoisomeric alcohols are also possible, by means of steric compression and shielding effects. The MH+/(M - OH)+ ratio in the spectra of epimeric methylcyclohexanols is at least 3 to 4 times higher for the isomers with mainly axial OH-group conformation compared to the equatorial isomers. Stereospecific (M - H)+ ions are apparently formed from trans-2-methylcyclopentanol and endo-norbornan-2-ol by a favorable abstraction of the unshielded H(α)-atoms versus normal behavior of the other epimers.While the spectra recorded at 200° show almost exclusively (M - OH)+ ions, those at 250° give nevertheless some C-skeleton information through the temperature dependent decomposition of the (M - OH)+ ions.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Proteins: Structure, Function, and Genetics 23 (1995), S. 591-594 
    ISSN: 0887-3585
    Keywords: IFN-γ ; receptor ; cytokines ; crystallization ; selenomethionine ; cysteine mutants ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A complex of human interferon-γ (IFN- γ) with the soluble extracellular domain of the IFN- γ receptor α-chain (IFN-γ-R) has been crystallised. Crystals of the complex were grown using PEG 4000 as the precipitating agent in the presence of β-octyl glucoside. The receptor-ligand complex crystallizes in a monoclinic space group and diffracts to about 3.0 Å resolution. Isomorphous crystals have been obtained with complex containing selenomethionine and cysteine mutants of IFN-γ, which may facilitate the ongoing X-ray structure determination. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 59 (1976), S. 1417-1423 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The crystal structure of the title compound (orthorhombic a = 26.724, b = 10.899, c = 9.483 Å, space group Pna21, Z = 12) has been determined by X-ray analysis. The structural units consist of hydrogen-bonded trimers with approximate C3h symmetry. The results are discussed in relation to the Beckmann rearrangement of the title compound, which yields exclusively the mirror-symmetric diamide.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Crystals of the title compound are triclinic, a = 27.87 Å, b = 10.77 Å, c = 12.94 Å, α 73.1°, β 116.1°, γ 120.0°, space group P1. The structure consists of octanuclear ions: Eight Cd(II) ions are found at the corners of a distorted cube, the center of the cube is occupied by an iodide, the twelve thioglycolate sulfur atoms bridge the twelve edges of the cube thereby forming a distorted icosahedron. Cadmium ions are either five or seven coordinate. The phase problem for this structure was solved using a combination of very high and very low E-values.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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