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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The kinetic characteristics of galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase and galactokinase in cultivated fibroblasts and amniotic fluid cells were investigated. The K m values of galactokinase for galactose at 2.0 mM ATP are 0.34 mM in amniotic fluid cells and 0.48 mM in fibroblasts. The K m values for ATP at 0.5 mM galactose are 1.25 mM and 2.10 mM. Transferase and galactokinase activities and protein content increase logarithmically during the growth of cultivated cells. The specific activity of both enzymes also increases and reaches a maximum level 10–15 days after subculture. The specific activity of transferase increases faster than that of galactokinase in the case of amniotic fluid cells. In the case of fibroblasts the specific activity of galactokinase increases faster than that of transferase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1963
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Aborte ; Numerische Chromosomenaberrationen ; Placentapathologie ; Interphasezytogenetik ; In-situ-Hybridisierung ; Key words Abortions ; Numerical chromosomal aberrations ; Placenta pathology ; Interphase cytogenetics ; In situ hybridization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Chromosomal aberrations are an important cause of spontaneous abortions. In order to detect numerical aberrations, paraffin-embedded tissue from 26 abortions with known conventional cytogenetic findings (CCG; 25 numerical aberrations and one partial trisomy 7p) was analyzed by means of interphase cytogenetics (ICG) using centromer-specific DNA probes for chromosomes #X, #Y, #10, #18, and #13/#21. Limit-values for the diagnosis of aneusomy in tissue sections were established by classifying the distribution of hybridization signals by CCG data (for gain ≥15% of nuclei with +1 signal; for deletion 〉40% of nuclei with −1 signal). Signal distribution in tissue sections and nuclear suspensions from paraffin blocks analyzed in parallel showed statistically a highly significant correlation (P〈0.0001). ICG and CCG diagnoses corresponded in 18 of 20 cases suitable for evaluation (90%; no false-positive result). No correlation between cytogenetic and histologic findings could be found. ICG proved to be a reliable tool for the detection of numerical chromosomal aberrations in paraffin-embedded tissue of abortions (sections and nuclear supensions). Thus, data for genetic counselling of the parents can be provided. The limit values for diagnosis of aneusomy could also be important for the application of ICG in tumor cytogenetics.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Chromosomale Aberrationen sind eine wichtige Ursache von Spontanaborten. Zum Nachweis genetischer Störungen im Paraffin-eingebetteten Gewebe wurden 26 Aborte mit bekanntem zytogenetischem Befund an Metaphasen (konventionelle Zytogenetik/KZG; 25 numerische und eine strukturelle Aberration) retrospektiv mit der sog. Interphasezytogenetik (IZG) mit Zentromer-spezifischen DNA-Sonden (für #X, #Y, #10, #18 und #13/#21) analysiert. Durch Zuordnung der IZG-Signalverteilungen (Chromosomen #X, #Y und #18) zu den KZG-Befunden wurden Grenzwerte für die IZG-Diagnose von Aneusomien ermittelt (für Zugewinn ≥15% Kerne mit +1 Signal; für Deletion ≥40% der Kerne mit −1 Signal). Die Ergebnisse in Schnittpräparaten (6 µm dick) und parallel untersuchten Kernsuspensionen korrelierten statistisch hoch signifikant (p〈0,0001). KZG- und IZG-Diagnosen stimmten in 18 von 20 auswertbaren Fällen überein (90%; kein falsch-positiver Befund). Korrelationen zwischen zytogenetischen und histomorphologischen Befunden fanden sich nicht. Mit der IZG lassen sich numerische Chromosomenaberrationen an Schnitten und Kernsuspensionen von Paraffin-eingebettetem Abortmaterial zuverlässig nachweisen, was die Möglichkeit zur genetischen Beratung der Eltern eröffnet. Die ermittelten Grenzwerte für den Nachweis von Aneusomien sind auch für tumorzytogenetische Untersuchungen mit der IZG-Technik relevant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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