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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stereometabolism of styrene in man: gas chromatographic determination of phenylethyleneglycol enantiomers and phenylethanol isomers in the urine of occupationally-exposed persons (1985)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 58 (1985), S. 110-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Phenylethyleneglycol enantiomers ; Phenyl-ethanol isomers ; Capillary gas chromatography ; Styrene exposure ; Stereometabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A gas Chromatographic procedure for the determination of phenylethyleneglycol enantiomers and phenylethanol isomers is described and applied to the investigation of urine samples from occupationally styrene-exposed workers (11 males, six females) and an unexposed control group. Phenylethyleneglycol enantiomers and 2-phenylethanol were present in the urine samples of exposed and unexposed individuals whereas 1-DL-phenylethanol was not found in control urine. The L/D enantiomer ratio of phenylethyleneglycol was found to be approximately 3 in the exposed group and 1.5 in the control group. Because of the close structural relation of these metabolites to the primarily formed epoxide, the results give further insight into the stereotoxicity of styrene in man
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00348319
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stereometabolism of styrene in man (1987)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 60 (1987), S. 86-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Styrene exposure ; Phenylethylene glycol enantiomers ; Mandelic acid enantiomers ; Urine analysis ; Capillary gas chromatography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Chiral styrene metabolites obtained during initial styrene exposure of test persons were determined in urine samples using capillary gas chromatography. A typical time-dependent urinary concentration profile of one person over a 49-h period is presented and compared with the results of a previous study of occupationally exposed workers and an unexposed control group. Maximum levels of excretion of all styrene metabolites were observed at about the end of a 9-h workshift. Forty hours after exposure, the L/D-ratio of mandelic acid had subsided to the initial value, and the L/D-ratio of phenylethylene glycol to a value equal or slightly above the initial value.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00296954
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metabolism of toluene in man: gas-chromatographic determination of o-, m- and p-cresol in urine (1979)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 43 (1979), S. 93-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Toluene ; Metabolism ; Urine ; Cresols ; Gas-chromatography ; Mass spectrometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Complete separation of phenol, o-, m- and p-cresol was achieved by capillary gas-chromatography. Urinary concentrations of cresols were determined quantitatively in samples from 10 male workers exposed to toluene. Besides pcresol, o- and m-cresol were found to be urinary compounds in the case of the exposed group in contrast to normal persons. This finding was proved by gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry. The difference between both groups is significant. It is concluded that besides hippuric acid o-, m- and p-cresol are metabolites of toluene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00333615
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Styrene metabolism in man: gas chromatographic separation of mandelic acid enantiomers in the urine of exposed persons (1984)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 55 (1984), S. 59-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: d/l-Mandelic acid ; Enantiomeric separation ; Capillary gas chromatography ; Styrene exposure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract d- and l-mandelic acid are separated by gas chromatography as isopropyl ester or isopropyl ester-isopropyl urethane on capillary columns, coated with Chirasil-Val. For its determination in urine the isopropyl ester procedure gives better results because other components of the urine do not cause interference. Thus d- and l-mandelic acid in the urine of exposed workers could be detected and verified by means of GC/MS. Occupational styrene exposure near the MAK-value (100 ppm) results in a l/d-enantiomer-ratio in urine of nearly 1.5.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00316587
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bestimmung von freiem Pentachlorphenol in der Luft und im Blut durch leistungsfähige Routineverfahren (1980)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 45 (1980), S. 153-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Pentachlorophenol ; High-performance liquid chromatography ; Gas chromatography ; Biological monitoring ; Pentachlorphenol ; Hochdruck-Flüssigkeits-Chromatographie ; Gaschromatographie ; Biological monitoring
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Für die Bestimmung von freiem Pentachlorphenol in der Luft und im Blut wurden leistungsfähige chromatographische Routineverfahren ausgearbeitet. Für die Raumluftbestimmung wird Pentachlorphenol durch Einleiten von Luft in einer Vorlage angereichert und nach Aufarbeitung in freier Form durch Hochdruck-Flüssigkeits-Chromatographie quantitativ erfaßt. Alternativ kann die Analyse nach Derivatisierung durch Kapillar-Gaschromatographie erfolgen. Freies Pentachlorphenol im Vollblut wird nach Aufarbeitung und Derivatisierung durch Kapillar-Gaschromatographie in Verbindung mit dem Elektroneneinfang-Detektor quantitativ bestimmt. Bei den beschriebenen chromatographischen Methoden sind die Eichkurven über den angegebenen Konzentrationsbereich linear. Die gaschromatographische Trennung blieb über den gesamten Untersuchungszeitraum völlig reproduzierbar. Die problemlose Derivatisierung läßt die beschriebene gaschromatographische Methode in Verbindung mit einem automatischen Probengeber für das biological monitoring auch größerer Kollektive geeignet erscheinen.
    Notes: Summary Efficient chromatographic procedures for the determination of free pentachlorophenol in air and in blood have been developed. Free pentachlorophenol from the indoor environment is preconcentrated in an impinger. Following a simple extraction, it is detected by high performance liquid chromatography without derivatisation. An alternate method is capillary gas chromatography of a suitable derivative. Unchanged pentachlorophenol in whole blood is similarly derivatised and determined quantitatively by capillary gas chromatography using an electron capture detector. The calibration curves of the described chromatographic methods were linear within the specified concentration range. Reproducibility of gas chromatographic separation remained unchanged during the whole research period. Owing to its relative simplicity, the described gas chromatographic method is advantageous for the biological monitoring of large collectives.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01274134
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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