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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Respiratory effects and serum type III procollagen in potato sorters exposed to diatomaceous earth (1994)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 66 (1994), S. 217-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Non-crystalline silica ; Pulmonary fibrosis ; Air flow limitation ; Chest X-ray ; Spirometry ; Impedance measurement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Exposure to diatomaceous earth with low crystalline silica content (〈 1%) is rarely reported to cause pneumoconiotic disease, whereas airway obstruction and bronchitis are more frequently reported. We investigated the occurrence of pneumoconiosis and airflow limitation in 172 male workers from 5 potato sorting plants (55 controls, 29 salesmen, 72 currently exposed, and 16 retired exposed) exposed to inorganic dust from former sea terraces (7.7–15.4 mg/m3), high in diatomaceous earth. The presence of fibrosis was evaluated by chest radiographs (exposed only) and serum levels of type III procollagen (P-III-P) were measured as an estimate of fibrogenetic activity. Lung function was assessed by flow volume curves and impedance measurements. A validated questionnaire was used to record respiratory symptoms. No pneumoconiotic abnormalities were demonstrated by chest radiographs. In line with this finding, serum P-III-P levels were not elevated in exposed workers as compared to controls, suggesting no differences in fibrogenetic activity. In fact, serum P-III-P levels decreased significantly (P 〈 0.03) with increasing cumulative exposure. Flow volume parameters indicated airflow obstruction, dose-related to (cumulative) dust exposure; the annual decline in forced expiratory flow volume (FEV1) was estimated at 10.5 m1/year (P 〈 0.05). Airway obstruction was confirmed by impedance analysis: In the retired group impedance changes were compatible with airway obstruction extending into the peripheral airways. We conclude that this exposure to quartz during potato sorting does not result in an increased risk for pneumoconiosis, but that (prolonged) surveillance in this group is desirable in order to detect early indications of airflow obstruction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00454358
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enzyme activity of rat tibialis anterior muscle differs between treatment with triamcinolone and prednisolone and nutritional deprivation (1999)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 79 (1999), S. 274-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Key words Prednisolone ; Triamcinolone ; Nutritional deprivation ; Muscle enzyme activity ; Glycogen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The maximal activity of a selection of enzymes involved in muscle carbohydrate handling, citric acid cycle and fatty acyl β-oxidation were studied after treatment with the fluorinated corticosteroid triamcinolone and compared to a similar treatment of the non-fluorinated corticosteroid prednisolone in an equipotent anti-inflammatory dose. Furthermore, because triamcinolone causes loss of body mass and muscle wasting, the effects of triamcinolone were investigated relative to a control group, with the same loss of body mass, due to nutritional deprivation. The study was performed in male Wistar rats in the following treatment groups: TR, triamcinolone treatment (0.25 mg · kg−1 · day−1 for 2 weeks), which resulted in a reduction of body mass (24%); ND, nutritional deprivation (30% of normal daily food intake for 2 weeks) resulting in a similar (24%) decrease of body mass as TR; PR, prednisolone treatment (0.31 mg · kg−1 · day−1 for 2 weeks), with a 10% increase in body mass; FF, free-fed control group, with a 12% increase in body mass in 2 weeks. Compared to FF, TR induced an increase in phosphofructokinase (PFK) activity (P 〈 0.01), glycogen synthase [GS(i + d)] activity (P 〈 0.05) and glycogen content (P 〈 0.01) in the tibialis anterior muscle. The PR and ND caused no alterations in PFK or citrate synthase (CS) activity compared to FF. Compared to PR, TR induced an increase in PFK (P 〈 0.01), CS (P 〈 0.05) and GS(i + d) activity (P 〈 0.01). Both TR and PR caused an increased muscle glycogen content, being more pronounced in TR (P 〈 0.05). Compared to ND, TR induced an increased CS (P 〈 0.05) and GS(i + d) activity (P 〈 0.01) and glycogen content (P 〈 0.01). The ND resulted in a decreased glycogen content compared to FF (P 〈 0.05). None of the treatments affected the activity of glycogen phosphorylase, β-hydroxyacyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase. It was concluded that corticosteroids led to an increased muscle glycogen content; however, the changes in the enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism were corticosteroid type specific and did not relate to undernutrition, which accompanied the triamcinolone treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004210050506
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Different effects of corticosteroid-induced muscle wasting compared with undernutrition on rat diaphragm energy metabolism (2000)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 82 (2000), S. 493-498 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Key words Corticosteroids ; Chronic undernutrition ; Diaphragm ; Metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract An important adverse effect of corticosteroid treatment is respiratory muscle weakness with diaphragm muscle wasting, but little is known about the underlying pathophysiological processes involved. In order to differentiate between the effects of nutrition depletion and corticosteroids on diaphragm muscle metabolism, a study was performed to investigate the effects of triamcinolone (TR) for 2 weeks and of chronic undernutrition in a pair-weight (PW) group on the structure and energy metabolism of the diaphragm in male Wistar rats compared with a free-fed (FF) group. Diaphragm mass was reduced in TR and PW rats to a similar degree, but the extent of type-IIx/b atrophy was more pronounced in TR rats than in PW rats. No myopathic features were observed after either treatment. ATP in absolute terms as well as the ATP/ADP ratio, total adenine nucleotides, the phosphocreatine (PCr) level and the ratio between PCr and creatine (PCr/Cr) were decreased in the diaphragm of both TR and PW rats. In contrast to the PW group, the total Cr pool was reduced and pyruvate and lactate levels were elevated in the diaphragm of the TR group compared with the FF group. In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that severe undernutrition causes a decrease in muscle energy status resulting in a new metabolic equilibrium, while chronic low-dose TR treatment (0.25 mg/kg per day i.m.) causes a decrease in muscle energy status together with a mismatch between glycolysis and oxidative metabolism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004210000231
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contractile properties and histochemical characteristics of the rat diaphragm after prolonged triamcinolone treatment and nutritional deprivation (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of muscle research and cell motility 19 (1998), S. 549-555 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2657
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The influence of decreased muscle mass and reduced food intake on diaphragm structure and contractility in male Wistar rats was determined after triamcinolone acetate treatment (TR: 0.5mg per kg per day for 4 weeks) and two degrees of undernutrition (PW: pair-weight, which resulted in a similar (41%) reduction of body weight as TR; PF: pair-fed, which resulted in a moderate (13%) reduction of body weight) and a free-fed control group (FF, with an increase (9%) in body weight). Energy intake of TR decreased, but based on daily measurements of food intake and body weight, energy expenditure of the TR rats was increased compared with the other groups. Body (BW) and muscle weights were reduced in proportion to the extent of undernutrition in the nutritionally deprived rats (i.e. BW and diaphragm weight of PF animals were reduced 21% and 16% respectively compared with FF, v. a 48% and 41% reduction in the PW group). Triamcinolone-induced atrophy was limited to type II fibres (30% of type IIa and 45% of type IIx/b, p〈0.05), while severe chronic undernutrition (PW) induced a generalized fibre type atrophy in the diaphragm (23% type I, 38% type IIa and 49% type IIx/b, p〈0.05), and moderate undernutrition (PF) caused only significant type IIa atrophy (20%, p〈0.05). A leftward shift of the diaphragmatic tension–frequency relationship and a decreased fatiguability of the TR and PW bundles were observed (p〈0.01), while the PF bundles were not significantly different compared with FF. These results suggest that triamcinolone and severe undernutrition cause similar alterations in in vitro contractility of the diaphragm. The effects of triamcinolone treatment on diaphragm structure may be partly explained by the reduced food intake, but the atrophy pattern induced by severe undernutrition (PW) was different.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005364627467
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    α and β glucocorticoid receptor mRNA expressionin skeletal muscle (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of muscle research and cell motility 19 (1998), S. 757-765 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2657
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The aim of the present study was to investigate the occurrence and autoregulation of both glucocorticoid receptor mRNAs in rat gastrocnemius muscle. The expression of both receptor forms was studied 1, 4 or 12hours after intra-tracheal instillation of a high dose (100μg) of budesonide; muscular expression was compared with glucocorticoid receptor expression in lung tissue. After Northern blot analysis, hybridization was performed with glucocorticoid receptor, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and glutamine synthetase probes. In the gastrocnemius muscle, both the α and β glucocorticoid receptor mRNA forms were detected and found to be downregulated four hours after the budesonide instillation. α/β glucocorticoid receptor ratios were lower in the gastrocnemius (1.1±0.2) than in the lungs (2.6±0.6). In the lungs, at all time points, the average α glucocorticoid receptor mRNA levels did not differ from controls, although glutamine synthetase mRNA levels were upregulated. The β glucocorticoid receptor mRNA was slightly reduced at 1 and 4hours. In conclusion, after intra-tracheal instillation of budesonide, both α and β glucocorticoid receptor forms were downregulated in muscle tissue. The difference in α/β glucocorticoid receptor mRNA ratios and concentrations between lung and gastrocnemius muscle supports the hypothesis of differential gene regulation by glucocorticoids in different cell types. © Kluwer Academic Publishers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005439118259
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