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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The molecular determinants of sunburn cell formation (2001)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Experimental dermatology 10 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0625
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Sunburn cell (SBC) formation in the epidermis is a characteristic consequence of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure at doses around or above the minimum erythema dose. SBC have been identified morphologically and biologically as keratinocytes undergoing apoptosis. There is evidence that SBC formation is a protective mechanism to eliminate cells at risk of malignant transformation. The level of DNA photodamage is a major determinant of SBC induction by a process controlled by the tumor suppressor gene p53. However, extra-nuclear events also contribute to SBC formation, such as the activation of death receptors including CD95/Fas. UVR triggers death receptors either by direct activation of these surface molecules or by inducing the release of their ligands such as CD95 ligand or tumor necrosis factor. Oxidative stress also appears to be involved, probably via mitochondrial pathways, resulting in the release of cytochrome C. Pathways which modify SBC formation are now extensively studied given the importance of apoptosis in eliminating irreparably damaged cells. A greater understanding of the mechanisms that induce and prevent UVR-induced apoptosis will contribute to our understanding of mechanisms relevant in genomic integrity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0625.2001.010003155.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Skin temperature of UV-induced erythema correlated to laser Doppler flowmetry and skin reflectance measured redness (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Skin research and technology 4 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0846
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background/aims: The sensitivity of human skin to UV radiation is investigated by visual grading of the resulting erythema reactions 24 h after exposure to a series of increasing UV doses. Visual erythema assessment is, however, subjective and depends on pigmentation and redness of the adjacent un-irradiated skin and can be aided by skin reflectance spectroscopy and laser Doppler blood flow measurements. Erythema is accompanied by a raised skin temperature, and this reaction might be utilised as a simple objective measurement of UV sensitivity.Methods: Sixteen patients with cutaneous malignant melanoma, 16 patients with basal cell carcinoma, and 36 healthy people were phototested with simulated sunlight on previously UV un-exposed buttock skin. The resulting erythema reactions were graded visually 20-24 h post-exposure and measured by skin reflectance spectroscopy and laser Doppler flowmetry, and the surface skin temperature was determined in the erythema reactions and in adjacent un-irradiated skin by a contact thermometer.Results: Skin surface temperature in UV-induced erythema reactions was dose dependent, was statistically identical in skin cancer patients and in healthy people, and was age independent. The average temperature increase in barely perceptible erythema was 0.7°C (SD=1.1°C), and in bright red erythema it was 3.5°C (SD=2.0°C). Skin surface temperature increases were correlated to measurements by skin reflectance spectroscopy and by laser Doppler flowmetry.Conclusions: Skin surface temperature changes can be used as a simple objective measurement of UV sensitivity in healthy people and in skin cancer patients and may be particularly useful in heavily pigmented people where visual assessment of erythema is difficult or impossible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0846.1998.tb00085.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acute effect of 8-methoxypsoralen and ultraviolet light on sister chromatid exchange (1978)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 263 (1978), S. 37-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Sister chromatid exchange ; 8-MOP ; ultraviolet light ; Schwester-chromatiden-Austausch ; 8-MOP, langwelliges UV-Licht
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die unmittelbare Wirkung von 8-Methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) sowie von 8-MOP+langwelligem UV-Licht (UVA) auf Schwesterchromatiden-Austausch (SCE) wurde in einem in vitro-Experiment untersucht. Der SCE nach 8-MOP allein war signifikant erhöht, aber die Wirkung war wesentlich größer (50%) nach der Behandlung mit 8-MOP+UVA. Dazu wurden nach der Behandlung mit 8-MOP-Mitosen mit «gestreifter» Färbung der Chromosomen beobachtet. Die Veränderungen sind dosisabhängig und bilden möglicherweise die Ursache für die nach PUVA-Behandlung verminderte Zellteilung in Psoriasisflecken.
    Notes: Summary The acute effect of 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) and 8-MOP+long wave ultraviolet light (UVA) on sister chromatid exchange (SCE) has been examined in an in vitro experiment. The SCE count was significantly increased by 8-MOP without light, but the effect was substantially greater (50%) by 8-MOP+UVA. In addition, mitoses with banded staining of the chromosomes were seen after 8-MOP and UVA. These changes were dose dependent, and they might be responsible for the reduced cell turnover in psoriasis plaque after PUVA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00446852
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chromosome analysis in patients with sarcoidosis (1980)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 268 (1980), S. 9-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Chromosome-breaks ; Chromosome-gaps ; Chromosomes ; Glucocorticoide ; Hypomodal cells ; Sarcoidosis ; Chromosomenspalt ; Chromosomenbruch ; Chromosomen ; Glucocorticoide ; hypomodale Zellen ; Scaroidosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Chromosom-Analyse der Lymphocyten des peripheren Blutes von 20 Patienten mit Sarcoidosis und 10 gesunden Kontrollpersonen zeigte eine signifikant größere Anzahl von hypomodalen Zellen bei den Patienten. Zwei Patienten, die mit Glucocorticoiden behandelt wurden, hatten viele chromosomale Mißbildungen.
    Notes: Summary Chromosome analysis of lymphocytes from the peripheral blood of 20 patients with sarcoidosis and 10 healthy controls showed a significantly greater number of hypomodal cells among the patients. Two patients receiving systemic treatment with glucocorticoids had many chromosomal aberrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00403881
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    UVA tanning devices interact with solar-simulated UV radiation in skin tumor development in hairless mice (1992)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 284 (1992), S. 353-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: UV-photocarcinogenesis ; hairless mice ; UVA hazards
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The carcinogenic effect of three UVA tanning sources was studied in lightly pigmented hairless mice. The three tanning sources (Bellarium-S SA-1-12, Philips TL 09R and Philips TL 10R) have different emission spectra, and emit different amounts of UVB. Radiation from the tanning sources was administered for 20 min/day, 5 day/week in daily doses equivalent to those used in suntan salons. The radiation was given alone or after 12 weeks of exposure to solar-simulated UV radiation (SOLAR UV) (10min/day, 4 day/week; daily dose, 19.5 kJ/m2 UVA and 3.9 kJ/m2 UVB). Irradiation with Bellarium-S SA-1-12 for 47 weeks and Philips TL 09R for 74 weeks induced skin tumours in 20/20 and 13/20 of the animals, respectively. When irradiation with Bellarium-S SA-1-12 and Philips TL 09R was administered after 12 weeks of SOLAR-UV exposure, a strong enhancement of SOLAR-UV-induced photocarcinogenesis was observed (p〈0.001). Irradiation with Philips TL 10R was only slightly carcinogenic, and during 85 weeks of irradiation only one skin tumor appeared in a group of 20 mice. However, when irradiation with Philips TL 10R was administered after 12 weeks of exposure to SOLAR UV, an enhancement of SOLAR-UV-induced carcinogenesis was observed (p〈0.001). Our results suggest that the hazards of exposure to commercial tanning devices are increased when they are used after a period of natural sun exposure. Even tanning sources with a low carcinogenic potential are able to increase SOLAR-UV-induced carcinogenesis significantly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00372039
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Urocanic acid isomers: relation to body site, pigmentation, stratum corneum thickness and photosensitivity (1997)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 289 (1997), S. 501-505 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Key words Urocanic acid ; Natural photoprotection ; Pigmentation ; Stratum corneum thickness
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Urocanic acid (UCA), present in the stratum corneum as trans-UCA, absorbs ultraviolet (UV) radiation and isomerizes to cis-UCA. Cis-UCA has been demonstrated to initiate suppression of selected immune responses in several experimental systems. Topical application of UCA-containing products reduces UV-induced erythema, but a role for endogenous UCA in photoprotection has not been reported. In this study the relationship between UCA isomers, pigmentation, minimal erythema dose (MED), and stratum corneum thickness was investigated. Pigmentation, concentration of total UCA, and the percentage present as the cis-isomer was measured in 36 healthy subjects, skin type I–IV, at six UV-exposed and nonexposed body sites: forehead, chest, back, outer upper arm, inner upper arm, and buttock. The MED was determined by phototesting on buttock skin, and a punch biopsy for measurement of stratum corneum thickness was taken adjacent to the site of the phototest. The percentage of cis-UCA was significantly higher in UV-exposed than on nonexposed areas. A small intraindividual variation in total UCA was found, being high on the buttock and the arm, lowest on the forehead. The subject to subject variation of total UCA was considerable at all body sites. No correlation was found between total UCA and MED, skin type, pigmentation, or stratum corneum thickness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004030050230
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Toxic Effects of 8-Methoxypsoralen on Lymphocyte Devision (1977)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 260 (1977), S. 87-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Lymphocyte growth ; Psoralen ; Cell culture ; UVA action ; Toxicity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Gezüchtete humane Leukocyten sind für die Untersuchung der Toxicität und der Phototoxicität des 8-Methoxy-Psoralen (8-MOP) verwendet worden. Man hat festgestellt, daß 8-MOP in einer Konzentration von mehr als 10−10 M die Zellteilung hemmt. Bei 8-MOP und black light (UVA) fängt die Hemmung bei 10−14 M an. Bei Patienten, die wegen Psoriasis mit 8-MOP behandelt werden, zeigen sich Konzentrationen von 10−6-10−7 M. Die mit der hier angewendeten Technik festgestellten Hemmung der Zellteilung beträgt bei dieser Konzentration für 8-MOP allein 40% und für 8-MOP + UVA 70%. Diese Ergebnisse sind mit dem Befund an Mikronuclei und Chromosomabnormalitäten in sich teilenden Zellen in Zusammenhang zu sehen.
    Notes: Summary Cultured human leucocytes have been used to examine the toxicity and phototoxicity of 8-methoxy psoralen (8-MOP). It has been shown that 8-MOP depresses cell turnover at concentrations of 10−10 M or above. In black light (UVA), 8-MOP inhibition begins at concentrations of 10−14 M. Patients treated for psoriasis with 8-MOP show concentrations of 10−6-10−7 M. The inhibition of cell turnover observed with the present technique is at this concentration 40% for 8-MOP alone and 70% for 8-MOP and black light. These results can be related to the micronuclei and chromosome abnormalities seen in dividing cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00561113
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localization of radioactivity in rat organs after oral administration of tritiated 8-methoxypsoralen in therapeutic doses (1982)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 273 (1982), S. 71-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: 3H-8-MOP ; DNA-RNA protein activity ; 3H-8-MOP time activity curves ; Rat organs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Tritiated 8-methoxypsoralen was given perorally to rats in amounts corresponding to therapeutic human doses. The rats were exposed to UVA light or kept in darkness. None of the fractions (apart from 3H2O from the lens) examined changed their level of radioactivity under the influence of UVA light. Time-radioactivity curves were recorded for the skin, lens, residual eye, and the liver. Four fractions were measured: 3H2O, soluble pool, DNA-RNA, and protein. Tritiated water appeared already 1 h after ingestion, and attained maximum value 9–24 h after ingestion, indicating the efficiency with which the liver degrades 8-MOP. 3H-8-MOP and metabolites could be detected in the soluble pool in maximum amounts 2–3 h after the administration. Pretreatment with trypsin increased the concentration of 3H-8-MOP and metabolites; the origin of this extra radioactivity was the protein fraction. The 3H-8-MOP binding to DNA or RNA was studied by pretreatments of the homogenates with DNase or RNase followed by measurement of radioactivity in the TCA extracts. This indicated that no measurable amount of 3H-8-MOP had been bound to DNA or RNA. We conclude that 8-MOP administered to rats in amounts corresponding to human therapeutic doses does not bind to DNA or RNA in measurable amounts either after UV-light or in darkness. The experiments have shown proteins to be the main binding site in rat organs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00509029
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of systemic indomethacin on photocarcinogenesis in hairless mice (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 121 (1995), S. 257-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Skin neoplasms ; Sunburn drug therapy ; Ultraviolet rays ; Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of systemic treatment with the anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin on sun-induced skin carcinogenesis was examined in lightly pigmented hairlesshr/hr C3H/Tif mice. Two groups of 20 mice were exposed to simulated solar ultraviolet radiation from one Phillips TL 12 and five Bellarium-S SA-1-12 tubes for 8 min/day, 4 days/week (daily dose was 12.6 kJ/m2, equivalent to 2.1 B-MED the basic minimal erythema dose). A mean dose of 1.8 mg kg−1 24 h−1 indomethacin was supplied to one of the two groups via the drinking water. The pharmacological treatment started on the first day of the trial and continued during the entire experiment. The time to first, second, and third tumour was significantly delayed in the group treated with indomethacin (P〈0.001). The mortality rate was higher in the indomethacin-treated group than in the group receiving no pharmacological treatment (P〈0.0005). Under the present conditions, our study suggests that indomethacin may be beneficial in protection against photocarcinogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01209590
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of a fluorescent monoclonal antibody assay and a tissue culture assay for routine detection of infections caused byChlamydia trachomatis (1986)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 5 (1986), S. 554-558 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The applicability of a commercial direct immunofluorescent monoclonal antibody assay for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis elementary bodies was studied on endocervical smears from 506 women attending a venereal disease clinic. The aim of this prospective examination was to simulate a daily routine. The results were compared to those of a well-functioning tissue culture assay. The overall positivity was 22.7 %. Based on a positivity criterion of ⩾ 1 elementary body in the fluorescent antibody assay, the two assays agreed in 84.8 % of the cases. In 50 specimens the antibody assay was positive and the culture assay negative, whereas in 23 the culture assay was positive and the antibody assay negative. The positive predictive value was 63.8 %. Most of the discrepancies were found in specimens containing few elementary bodies or inclusions. Based on a criterion of ⩾ 10 elementary bodies, the positive predictive value was 70.9 %, but the sensitivity fell to 67.5 %.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02017704
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