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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of the radio frequency driven H− ion source for the National Spallation Neutron Source : Proceedings of the 7th international conference on ion sources (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 69 (1998), S. 962-964 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The ion source for the 1 MW National Spallation Neutron Source (NSNS) is required to provide 35 mA of H− beam current (1 ms pulses at 60 Hz) at 65 keV with a normalized root-mean-square emittance of 〈0.2 pi mm mrad. The same ion source should be able to produce 70 mA of H−at 6% duty factor when the NSNS is upgraded to 2 MW of power. For this application, a radio-frequency driven, magnetically filtered multicusp source is being developed at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The design of this R and D ion source, which is equipped with a cesium dispenser-collar, a fast ion beam prechopper (rise times 〈100 ns) and a strong permanent-magnet insert for electron deflection, will be presented.© 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1148703
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ion energy spread and current measurements of the rf-driven multicusp ion source (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 1398-1402 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Axial energy spread and useful beam current of positive ion beams have been carried out using a radio frequency (rf)-driven multicusp ion source. Operating the source with a 13.56 MHz induction discharge, the axial energy spread is found to be approximately 3.2 eV. The extractable beam current of the rf-driven source is found to be comparable to that of filament-discharge sources. With a 0.6 mm diameter extraction aperture, a positive hydrogen ion beam current density of 80 mA/cm2 can be obtained at a rf input power of 2.5 kW. The expected source lifetime is much longer than that of filament discharges. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147948
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A 2.45-GHz electron cyclotron resonance multi-mA Li+ ion gun for fusion plasma diagnostics : Proceedings of the 5th international conference on ion sources (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 65 (1994), S. 1094-1096 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: For the purpose of neutral-lithium beam tokamak–plasma diagnostics we have developed a compact, high current (several tens of mA/cm2) 2.45-GHz electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) Li+ plasma ion source in coaxial geometry, coupled to a helium-buffered lithium feeding system working according to the heat pipe principle. The accel–decel-type ion extraction system features either seven holes or one single aperture. First experimental results for the extractable Li+ and He+ ions in both cw and pulsed-mode operations are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145074
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fast lithium-beam spectroscopy of tokamak edge plasmas (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 64 (1993), S. 2285-2292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Plasma-wall interaction and impurity transport processes in the outermost region of magnetically confined hot plasmas (the so-called plasma edge) must be well understood for successful development of future thermonuclear fusion reactors. To this goal, sufficiently detailed edge plasma diagnostics are in great demand. By injecting a fast Li beam into the edge plasma region, a great number of information can be obtained with excellent space and time resolution. This so-called Li-beam plasma spectroscopy gives access not only to edge plasma density profiles from the collisionally excited Li atoms, but also to the impurity concentration and temperature profiles via line emission induced by electron capture from the injected Li atoms by the impurity ions. Full utilization of all capabilities requires a reliable data base for the atomic collision processes involving injected Li atoms and plasma constituents (i.e., electrons, hydrogen ions, and relevant impurities in their various charge states), since a precise modeling of Li beam attenuation and excited-state composition has to be made for evaluating desired plasma properties from the related spectroscopical measurements. The most recent methodical improvement permits a fully consistent determination of absolute edge plasma density profiles by measuring only relative LiI line emission profiles. This is of special interest for investigating rapid edge plasma density fluctuations in connection with, e.g., ELMs, L-H mode transition, turbulence or edge cooling by impurity injection. This paper describes the capabilities of Li-beam edge plasma spectroscopy by way of illustrative examples from measurements at the tokamak experiment TEXTOR.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1144460
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multicusp sources for ion beam projection lithography : Proceedings of the 7th international conference on ion sources (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 69 (1998), S. 877-879 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Multicusp ion sources are capable of producing positive and negative ions with good beam quality and low energy spread. The ion energy spread of multicusp sources has been measured by three different techniques. The axial ion energy spread has been reduced by introducing a magnetic filter inside the multicusp source chamber which adjusts the plasma potential distribution. The axial energy spread is further reduced by optimizing the source configuration. Values as low as 0.8 eV have been achieved. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1148469
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of the next generation H− ion source for the LANSCE facility : Proceedings of the 7th international conference on ion sources (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 69 (1998), S. 989-991 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The upgrade of the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) will require an ion source producing high intensity H− beams. The new LANSCE source in particular will need to generate 40 mA of H− beam current at a duty factor of 12% (1 ms pulse at 120 Hz). To achieve this, the present Los Alamos results were first reproduced employing a prototype surface conversion source similar to the existing LANSCE source. Using these results as a benchmark for further testing, it was discovered that by moving the filament cathode into the chamber's cusp-field, the H− ion yield was enhanced. Considering this result, two extension chambers were added with movable magnetic filters at each end of the source to further improve the H− beam current. In addition, construction has been started on a new prototype axial source which will enable more plasma ions to funnel across the filter field into the central region where the converter is located. Results of the magnetic filter operation as well as the new axial source design will be presented. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1148704
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A 2.45 GHz ECR ion source for production of medium charge states ions : Proceedings of the 7th international conference on ion sources (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 69 (1998), S. 712-714 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: At the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory we are constructing an ECR ion source test facility for nuclear science as well as industrial applications experiments. For these purposes, a single-stage 2.45 GHz electron cyclotron resonance ion source has been designed and constructed. It features an axial magnetic field with a mirror ratio of up to six and a hexapole field produced by a simple Nd–Fe–B permanent magnet assembly. In order to enhance the ion confinement time, the source plasma volume has been enlarged as much as possible while still maintaining a high mirror ratio. This paper describes the design of the ion source, the extraction system and the test stand. First, operational experience and experimental results with an argon discharge are presented. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1148466
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simulation of the low energy H− injector into the National Spallation Neutron Source radio frequency quadrupole accelerator : Proceedings of the 7th international conference on ion sources (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 69 (1998), S. 965-967 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The low energy beam transport system (LEBT) for the National Spallation Neutron Source is required to transport 35 mA of a 65 keV H− ion beam from the ion source to the radio frequency quadrupole accelerator (RFQ) entrance with a normalized root-mean-square emittance 〈 0.15 pi mm mrad. At a later time, it is anticipated that this beam current will be increased to 70 mA. For this purpose a radio-frequency driven, magnetically filtered multicusp ion source is under development at LBNL. The H− beam extraction from the ion source is being simulated utilizing the three-dimensional (3D) computer code ARGUS. H− ion beam extraction from the ion source requires proper simulation of the extraction of both plasma electrons and the desired H− ions. The goal is to optimize the LEBT system so that the electrons are completely deflected between the first two electrodes and the desired H− beam is properly matched into the RFQ accelerator. The magnetic field in the extraction region is being optimized by using the 3D magnetic code OPERA3D. The performance of the all electrostatic LEBT for the transport of higher currents (〉70 mA) is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1148743
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Single-stage 5 GHz ECR-multicharged ion source with high magnetic mirror ratio and biased disk : Proceedings of fifth international conference on ion sources (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 65 (1994), S. 1091-1093 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A low-cost, single-stage 5 GHz electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) multicharged ion source (MCIS) has been constructed for various atomic collision experiments. It features an axial magnetic field with a mirror ratio of up to five, and a magnetic hexapole field produced by a simple Nd–Fe–B permanent-magnet assembly. A disk probe axially mounted near the ECR resonance zone opposite to the ion extraction, and negatively biased with respect to the ECR plasma potential, permits reduction of the appropriate neutral feeding gas pressure by an order of magnitude, resulting in greatly improved ion charge state distributions, as normally offered by two-stage ECR–MCIS only. We present performance data for multicharged ion production from Ar and N2, including measured ion current emittances.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145073
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ion beam extraction and transport for high-field electron cyclotron resonance ion sources (abstract) : Papers from the Ninth International Conference on Ion Sources (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 73 (2002), S. 541-541 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The next-generation, very high magnetic-field electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion sources, like VENUS, SERSE, or PHOENIX, strive for substantially (a factor of 10) higher extracted heavy ion beam intensities than currently achievable. Such high-intensity ion beams present significant challenges for the design and simulation of an ECR extraction and low-energy ion beam transport system. Extraction and beam formation take place in a strong (up to 3 T) axial magnetic field, which leads to significantly different focusing properties for the different ion masses and charge states of the extracted beam. Typically, beam simulations must take into account the contributions of up to 50 different charge states and ion masses. Space charge effects must be correctly included since the extraction and mass analyzing system have to be designed for a proton-equivalent current of ∼25 mA at 30 kV extraction voltage. The article discusses state of the art two-dimensional and three-dimensional simulation techniques for such ion beam extraction and transport systems. Furthermore, the main contributions to the ion beam emittance are discussed: (1) The induced beam rotation due to the strong axial magnetic field, (2) the concentration of high charge state ions at the source center axis, and (3) the ion beam temperature. A novel large-gap analyzing magnet design is described which allows efficient correction of higher-order aberrations for high-intensity heavy ion beams. Such a magnet limits emittance blow up, and is necessary if the analyzed beam has to be further transported or accelerated, e.g., in a radio frequency quadrupole. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1432453
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