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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reproductive and Pollination Biology of Magnolia and its Allied Genera (Magnoliaceae). I. Floral Volatiles of Several Magnolia and Michelia Species and their Roles in Attracting Insects (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant species biology 7 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-1984
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Volatile substances emitted from the flowers of eight Magnolia taxa (M. sieboldii ssp. japonica, M. praecocissima var. praecocissima and var. borealis, M. tomentosa, M. salicifolia, M. obovata, M. denudata, and M. grandiflora) and one Michelia species (M. compressa) (Magnoliaceae) were examined and identified using GC-MS. Volatile substances of these Magnolia and Michelia species consist primarily of monoterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids produced by the mevalonate pathway, acetogenins by the acetate-malonate pathway, and phenyl-propanoids by the shikimate pathway. These Magnolia and Michelia species all possessed various combinations of volatile monoterpenoids, acetogenins, and phenylpropanoids, except for Magnolia obovata, which emitted primarily sesquiterpenoids. Free amino acids in pollen of 12 Magnolia and one Liriodendron species were also analyzed, and their value as food sources for pollinators evaluated.Pollinators visiting the flowers of five Magnolia species were collected in their native sites and identified. Their behaviors and roles as pollinating agents were assessed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-1984.1992.tb00225.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Separation of nitrogen and oxygen isotopes by liquid chromatography (1989)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 341 (1989), S. 727-728 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] In addition to the conventional isotope separation methods including chemical exchange, distillation and ion-exchange chromatography, laser-based methods have been intensively studied recently. With the exception of ion-exchange chromatography1'6, these methods require special equipment for the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/341727a0
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical Divergence in Floral Scents of Magnolia and Allied Genera (Magnoliaceae) (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant species biology 12 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-1984
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Floral scents emitted from Magnolia, Michelia and Liriodendron taxa native to or cultivated in North America, Mexico and Japan were collected by the headspace method and analyzed using gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Volatile compounds are widespread in the flowers of angiosperms and the chemical property of the scents can be distinguished in taxa. For example, the primary chemical in the scent of Magnolia virginiana growing in Louisiana (U.S.A.) is linalool, whereas in Maryland (U.S.A.) population flowers emit 2-phenylethanol. The flowers of M. grandiflora and M. tamaulipana both emit a number of monoterpenes, mainly geraniol derivatives, but scents of M. pyramidata yield mainly fatty acid esters. Caryophyllene is exclusively emitted by M. sieboldii ssp. japonica, isobutyl acetate by Michelia figo, and 1,2-dimethoxybenzene by M. salicifolia. The flowers of L. tulipifera and L. chinense emit mainly hydrocarbon-terpenoids, the former dominated by limonene, the latter by afarnesene. In some closely related disjunct taxa distributed in North America and eastern Asia the floral scents closely resemble each other, e.g., Magnolia tripetala (North America) and M. hypoleuca (Japan) both strongly emit methyl benzoate. Another set of disjunct taxa, M. acuminata (North America) and M. heptapeta (China) both exclusively emit pentadecane, a hydrocarbon. In some species of Magnolia, volatile compounds present in floral scents are also emitted in damaged leaves. This suggests these chemicals play different roles in various plant organs (deter leaf herbivores, attract parasitoids, attract insects to flowers, etc.).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-1984.1997.tb00159.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pollination Biology of Oenothera (Onagraceae). The Interplay between Floral UV-Absorbancy Patterns and Floral Volatiles as Signals to Nocturnal Insects (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant species biology 10 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-1984
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Floral volatiles of two introduced Oenothera species, Oe. glazioviana (= Oe. erythrosepala) and Oe. biennis, were chemically examined using the headspace method. As a result, linalool, one of the monoterpenes, was found to be the main constitutent of floral volatiles, with several other undetermined substances. Visual signals of these two Oenothera species were the same, with a strong UV-absorbent spot in the center of the corollas. Large nocturnal hawkmoth species such as Theretra japonica, Agrius convolvuli, and Deilephila elphenor lewisil are major pollinators for these two Oenothera species. An interplay between floral UV-absorbancy patterns as visual signals and floral volatiles released seems to be playing a significant role in pollinator attraction. Nectar utilization and the breeding system of Oe. glazioviana were also examined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-1984.1995.tb00118.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical mimicry in the root aphid parasitoid Paralipsis eikoae Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) of the aphid-attending ant Lasius sakagamii Yamauchi & Hayashida (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) (1998)
    Springer
    Chemoecology 8 (1998), S. 153-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1423-0445
    Keywords: Key words. chemical mimicry –Paralipsis eikoae– Aphidiidae –Lasius sakagamii– Formicidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary. An aphidiid wasp, Paralipsis eikoae, was associated with both Lasius niger and L. sakagamii attending the wormwood root aphid Sappaphis piri. An L. sakagamii worker was observed carrying a winged female P. eikoae to its nest with its mandible, but it did not kill the wasp. Once accepted by the ants, the wasp often mounted and rubbed against the worker ants and sometimes teased them to regurgitate food to itself. No workers in the colony attacked the wasp. Conspecific foreign workers, however, viciously attacked the wasp when encountered. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses showed that the accepted wasp had complex cuticular hydrocarbons that were very similar to those of its host ants, whereas the winged wasps collected outside the ant nest showed only a series of n-alkanes. Additionally, the accepted wasp had a hydrocarbon profile closer to that of its host ants than to the conspecific foreign ants. We believe the wasp mimics ant cuticular hydrocarbons to integrate into the ant nest, acquiring the hydrocarbons by mounting and rubbing against the ants. In contrast, the cuticular hydrocarbons of the emerged wasp contained larval and pupal hydrocarbons of L. sakagamii that were also similar to those of L. niger. Both ant species rejected adult workers of the other species but accepted their larvae and pupae. We suggest that the emerged P. eikoae mimics the cuticular hydrocarbons of these Lasius larvae and pupae, which allows P. eikoae to be accepted by both L. sakagamii and L. niger.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000490050020
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    (Z,E,E)-dodecatrien-1-ol: A minor component of trail pheromone of termite,Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 20 (1994), S. 199-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Subterranean termite ; Coptotermes formosanus ; Reticulitermes speratus ; Rhinotermitidae ; Isoptera ; trail pheromonal minor component ; geometrical isomer ; (Z,E,E)-3,6,8-dodecatrien-1-ol ; capillary GC-MS-HR-SIM
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract In the course of the elucidation of the primary structure of an isolated trail pheromone fromC. formosanus, a minor component that had the same molecular weight as the major trail pheromone, (Z,Z,E)-3,6,8-dodecatrien-1-ol [(Z,Z,E)-DTE-OH], was detected in the mass chromatogram ofm/z 180 of capillary GC-MS. The mass spectrum of the minor component showed a prominent pattern of dodecatrien-1-ol. Chemical analysis demonstrated that the complete structure was (Z,E,E)-DTE-OH. Furthermore, capillary GC-MS-HR-SIM analysis indicated that the component existed only in the workers ofCoptotermes formosanus Shiraki and was not present in workers ofReticulitermes speratus (Kolbe). This minor component may be a species-specific factor ofC. formosanus, although this was not suggested by a two-choice bioassay.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02066001
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cotesia glomerata Female Wasps Use Fatty Acids from Plant–Herbivore Complex in Host Searching (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 23 (1997), S. 1505-1515 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Cotesia glomerata ; Pieris rapae ; Rorippa indica ; plant–herbivore complex ; palmitic acid ; oleic acid ; stearic acid ; tritrophic interaction ; antennation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Cotesia glomerata parasitizes early instars of the cabbage butterfly,Pieris rapae, in Japan. Female wasps antennatedRorippa indica leaves damaged by feeding ofP. rapae larva, but ignored artificially damaged leaves. Females also antennated filter paper containingR. indica leaf juice plusP. rapae regurgitant. Chemical analysis revealed five compounds in higher amounts in the infested edges of leaves than in artificially damaged edges. Among them, we identified palmitic acid, oleic acid, and stearic acid. Female wasps antennated filter paper containing each of these three acids. We discuss the function of these acids in the tritrophic context.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JOEC.0000006418.49537.5d
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of trail pheromone precursors from Subterranean termite,Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 18 (1992), S. 517-526 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Subterranean termite ; Coptotermes formosanus ; Rhinotermitidae ; Isoptera ; trail pheromone precursor ; dodecatrienyl fatty acid esters
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Whole-body extracts of the termite,Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki served for examining the presence of trail pheromone precursor(s). Three trail pheromone precursor candidates, identified as dodecatrienyl stearate, dodecatrienyl oleate, and dodecatrienyl linoleate, were isolated using various chromatographic methods in conjunction with bioassay and by capillary GC-MS analyses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00994249
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