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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 9 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: Polyunsaturated phosphatidyl choline is a preparation often advocated for diseases of the liver. Methods: In a randomized open controlled trial, a preparation of polyunsaturated phosphatidyl choline, at a dose of 900 mg orally daily, was given to 22 patients with acute viral hepatitis. A control group of 25 patients was not treated. Results: Serial serum bilirubin and alanine amino transferase levels were measured up to 12 weeks. The falls in their levels after 2 and 5 weeks, and the lengths of time to their normalization, were not significantly different in the treated group compared to the control group. Conclusion: The results indicated that polyunsaturated phosphatidyl choline had no beneficial effect on the course of acute viral hepatitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: Alpha-interferon has been found to inhibit hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication in Chinese patients with chronic HBV infection although a sustained effect was rarely achieved in those with normal pre-treatment serum alanine amino transferase (ALT) levels. Prednisolone priming has been found to be beneficial over treatment with interferon alone in these subjects. We studied the effect of steroid pre-treatment followed by recombinant interferon alpha-2a in the treatment of asymptomatic HBV carriers with positive hepatitis Be antigen (HBeAg), hepatitis B viral DNA (HBV-DNA) and minimal changes in liver histology. Methods: The treatment regimen included a 6-week prednisolone priming, a 2 week rest followed by 14 weeks of three times weekly 9 mega units of interferon alpha-2a injection and 52 weeks of follow-up. There were seven patients in the treatment group and seven controls. Results: The mean age, pre-treatment ALT (normal in all except for one in each of the treatment and control groups), HBV-DNA levels and histological scores were similar in the two groups. Serum HBV-DNA levels fell in six patients during treatment and became undetectable in two of them by the end. During follow-up, serum HBV-DNA returned to pre-treatment levels in all patients. None of the treated patients had HBeAg sero-conversion and none of the controls had spontaneous clearance of HBV-DNA or sero-conversion of HBeAg. No improvement of liver histology was observed in any of the treated patients. There were only mild flu-like side-effects noted and interferon alpha-2a was well tolerated at the doses given among treated patients. Conclusion: Prednisolone priming followed by interferon alpha-2a treatment has no beneficial effect on HBV carriers in the early stages of chronic hepatitis B infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Eighteen patients with presumed childhood acquisition of chronic hepatitis B virus infection were initially entered into this randomized controlled trial. Twelve were treated with prednisolone for 4 weeks followed, after a 2-week gap, by thrice weekly lymphoblastoid a-interferon for 12 weeks. Two of these had previously acted as untreated controls. Three of the 12 patients (25%) [who were initially hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg),‘e’ antigen (HBeAg) and HBV-DNA positive] became HBeAg and HBV-DNA negative during therapy and remained so after 12 months post-therapy follow-up. One of these also lost HBsAg. A further two patients lost HBeAg and HBV-DNA during therapy but relapsed 6 and 9 months later. Two additional patients were HBV-DNA negative but HBeAg positive at the end of follow-up. None of the eight untreated control patients seroconverted during an identical follow-up period. Two further patients were HBsAg and HBeAg positive but HBV-DNA negative at the start of therapy. These were omitted from the final analysis: both subsequently lost HBeAg. The treatment response was associated with a rise in aspartate aminotransferase, peaking 2–6 weeks after prednisolone withdrawal, loss of HBV-DNA 0–8 weeks later and subsequent normalization of liver function tests. Treatment was well tolerated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford BSL : Blackwell Science
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 10 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: Treatment of chronic replicative hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is aimed at stopping viral replication and preventing the development of chronic liver disease. β-Interferon treatment has been less well studied than α-interferon. Methods: The efficacy and tolerability of a 6-month course of subcutaneously administered human recombinant β-interferon (rINF-βser) was studied and the results of a low-dose regime compared with a high-dose regime. Twenty patients (17 men and three women), aged 24–54 years, with chronic hepatitis B virus infection (all hepatitis B surface antigen-positive with detectable HBV-DNA in their sera for at least 3 months prior to therapy) were randomized into two treatment groups of 10 patients each. The low-dose group received 6×106 U/dose and the high-dose group received 30×106 U/dose, both groups receiving their respective doses three times a week initially for 1 month and continuing for a total of 6 months. Results: The treatment was well tolerated in both groups. None of the patients required dosage reduction or cessation of treatment because of side-effects. HBV-DNA decreased in all patients during treatment, demonstrating the anti-viral efficacy of rINF-βser, and was undetectable in 20 and 40% of patients receiving low-dose and high-dose regimes, respectively, at the end of 6 months treatment (P=N.S.). One year after completion of treatment, HBV-DNA was undetectable in 50 and 30% of patients in the low-dose and high-dose groups, respectively (P=N.S.). However, only one patient achieved seroconversion with loss of the hepatitis B surface antigen and appearance of an anti-hepatitis B ‘e’ antigen at the end of 18 months. Conclusion: This study shows that subcutaneously administered rINF-βser is well tolerated, but the optimal dose and duration of treatment still needs to be defined by further studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 178 (1939), S. 687-696 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 175 (1937), S. 363-383 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Behandlungsergebnisse mit Adenin-Arabinosid, Adenin-Arabinosid-Monophosphat und Lymphoblasten-Interferon bei mehr als 100 HBV-Trägern wurden ausgewertet. Bei der Gruppe homosexueller Carrier erwiesen sich Adenin-Arabinosid und sein Monophosphat als wirkungslos. Dagegen war in dieser Gruppe mit Lymphoblasten-Interferon eine Ansprechrate von mehr als 50% zu verzeichnen. Möglicherweise sind immunsuppressive Eigenschaften von Adenin-Arabinosid für seine fehlende Wirksamkeit bei dieser Gruppe verantwortlich. Bei heterosexuellen HBV-Trägern war sowohl Adenin-Arabinosid als auch Lymphoblasten-Interferon bei etwa 50% bis 60% der Fälle wirksam. Doch fanden sich Unterschiede in den Ansprechraten verschiedener ethnischer Gruppen. Im Gegensatz zu Patienten aus Nordeuropa und den Mittelmeerländern sprachen Patienten aus dem fernen Osten auf die Therapie nicht an. Dies könnte der Ausdruck von mindestens zwei verschiedenen Pathomechanismen für die Entstehung des chronischen Trägertums sein. Bei 5% bis 10% der Erwachsenen findet sich ein relativer Mangel an Alpha-Interferon-Produktion, und dieser Mangel läßt sich bei der Mehrzahl der HBV-Carrier aus Westeuropa nachweisen. Bei diesen Patienten stellt die Interferongabe eine Substitutionstherapie dar und erzielt ausgezeichnete Ergebnisse, wenn die Behandlung in der Frühphase der Erkrankung erfolgt. Mit zunehmender Krankheitsdauer integriert das Virus offensichtlich in Loci, die für das Ansprechen auf Interferon verantwortlich sind, und unterdrückt so die Reaktionsfähigkeit der Zelle auf Interferon. Bei Patienten, die unter der Geburt infiziert werden, scheint transplazentar übertragenes anti-HBc die Immunantwort zu modulieren; infolgedessen und wegen der Unreife des Immunsystems in diesem Alter können infizierte Zellen nicht lysiert werden. Diese Patienten haben von der Interferontherapie keinen Gewinn, bei ihnen wäre eine Form von immunologischer Manipulation erforderlich. Wie bei der im Erwachsenenalter erworbenen Infektion übt die Anwesenheit eines Interferon-sensiblen Locus im Hepatitis B-Virus-Genom, der dem im Hepatozyten-Genom gefundenen Locus homolog ist, einen Einfluß auf das biologische Ansprechen auf Interferon aus. Es ist inzwischen erwiesen, daß für die Entstehung des chronischen Trägertums mehrere verschiedene Pathomechanismen vorhanden sind und daß für verschiedene Stadien der Infektion bei verschiedenen Patienten unterschiedliche Therapieansätze nötig sein können.
    Notes: Summary We have reviewed the results of treating over 100 HBV carriers with adenine arabinoside, adenine arabinoside monophosphate and lymphoblastoid interferon. In the homosexual group of carriers, adenine arabinoside and its monophosphate have no value. However in this group, lymphoblastoid interferon will produce a response in over 50% of cases. This lack of effectiveness of adenine arabinoside monophosphate in this group may stem from its immunosuppressant properties. In heterosexual carriers both adenine arabinoside monophosphate and lymphoblastoid interferons are effective in approximately 50% to 60% of cases. However, the response rate is different in the various racial groups. Northern European and Mediterranean people appear to respond whereas those from the Far East do not. This may reflect the fact that there are at least two mechanisms by which the chronic carrier state may arise. In 5% to 10% of adults, a relative deficiency of alpha interferon production exists (37), and this defect is found in the majority of HBV carriers in Western Europe. In these, interferon acts as a replacement therapy and excellent results may be obtained if the patient is treated early in the course of the disease. It would appear that as the duration of the infection increases, the virus may integrate into interferon-reactive consensus sites and prevent the cell from responding to interferon. In patients infected at birth, transplacental anti-HBc appears to modulate the immune response and, along with immaturity of the immune system at this age, results in failure to lyse infected cells. These patients do not benefit from interferon treatment: some form of immune manipulation is required. As in the infection acquired in adult life, the presence in the hepatitis B virus genome of an interferon sensitive site, homologous to that found in the hepatocyte genome, will influence the biological response to interferon. It is now evident that there are several mechanisms underlying the chronic carrier state and that in different patients at varying stages of the infection, alternative approaches to therapy may be required.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 40 (1995), S. 576-579 
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: peptic ulcer ; chili ; capsaicin ; diet
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The aim of the present study was to determine the frequency and amount of chili taken by peptic ulcer patients and control subjects. One hundred three Chinese patients with peptic ulcer and 87 control patients were interviewed using a standard questionnaire. Those subjects who deliberately avoided chili use because of symptoms or advice from friends or medical practitioners were excluded. The median number of times of chili use per month was eight in the ulcer group (25–75% quartiles 1–30) compared to 24 (8–56) in the control group (P〈0.001). The median amount of chili used per month was 312 units (25–75% quartiles 38–899) in the ulcer group compared to 834 units (274–1892) in the control group (P〈0.001). The odds ratio of having peptic ulcer disease, adjusted for age, sex, analgesic use, and smoking by multiple logistic regression, was 0.47 (95% confidence intervals: 0.25–0.89) for subjects who had a higher intake of chili both in terms of frequency as well as amount used compared to those who took less chili. Our data support the hypothesis that chili use has a protective effect against peptic ulcer disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 40 (1995), S. 580-583 
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: chili ; capsaicin ; aspirin ; gastroprotection ; gastroduodenal mucosa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Capsaicin, the pungent ingredient of chili, has a gastroprotective effect against experimental gastric mucosal injury in animals. Such an effect has not, however, been documented in humans to date. Eighteen healthy volunteers with normal index endoscopies underwent two studies four weeks apart. Each subject took 20 g chili orally with 200 ml water in one study and 200 ml water in another study. In each case this was followed half an hour later by 600 mg aspirin BP with 200 ml water. Endoscopy was repeated 6 hr later. Gastroduodenal mucosal damage was assessed by a previously validated scoring system. The median gastric injury score after chili was 1.5 compared to 4 in the control group (P〈0.05), demonstrating a gastroprotective effect of chili in human subjects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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