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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Risk factors in past histories and familial episodes related to development of testicular germ cell tumor (2004)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    International journal of urology 11 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-2042
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Background:  A retrospective study was conducted to examine the host factors of 240 testicular germ cell tumor patients. This study was performed to address a new theory proposed by Skakkebaek called testicular dysgenesis syndrome which claims that cryptorchism, hypospadias, poor semen quality and testicular germ cell tumors are symptoms of an underlying testicular dysgenesis in uterus.Methods:  The past health histories and familial episodes of 240 testicular germ cell tumor patients were examined. The past health histories included cryptorchism, hypospadias, infertility, atrophic testis and inguinal hernia.Results:  Of the 240 patients, 13 (5.4%) had a history of cryptorchism or orchidopexy. Two (0.8%) showed existence of hypospadias or had experienced urethroplasty. Among 129 married couples, 104 (80.6%) couples were fertile. Three (1.3%) patients developed testicular tumors after they were diagnosed as infertile or came to the hospital with the complaints of infertility. Four (1.7%) had contralateral atrophic testis. 19 (7.9%) had experienced inguinal herniorrhaphy before age 15. Three (1.3%) had testicular germ cell tumor patients among their family or relatives.Conclusions:  The testicular germ cell tumor patients showed a considerable incidence of complications such as cryptorchism, hypospadias and incomplete closure of processus vaginalis. Cryptorchism, perinatal factors and familial factors could be risks for developing testicular germ cell tumors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-2042.2004.00853.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antinociceptive action of tizanidine in mice and rats (1985)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 330 (1985), S. 93-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Anticociceptive action ; Mouse ; Nonopioid ; Rat ; Tizanidine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The antinociceptive action of tizanidine [5-chloro-(2-imidazolin-2-yl-amino)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole], a centrally acting muscle relaxant, was evaluated after subcutaneous or peroral administration in mice and rats. Tizanidine strongly inhibited the writhing response induced by acetic acid, phenyl-p-benzoquinone and acetylcholine in mice, and its potency was found to be greater than that of morphine. Tizanidine showed antinociceptive action like morphine not only in tail pressure and electrical stimulation tests in mice but also in tail-flick tests in mice and rats. The antinociceptive action of tizanidine was unaffected by pretreatment with naloxone. These findings suggest that tizanidine develops relatively strong antinociceptive action by a nonopioid mechanism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00499900
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Combined oral administration of etoposide and arabinofuranosylcytosine-5′-stearylphosphate enhances the antitumor effect against P388 ascites tumors (1994)
    Springer
    Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology 33 (1994), S. 281-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0843
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. We investigated the antitumor effect of oral administration of etoposide and arabinofuranosylcytosine-5′-stearylphosphate (C18PCA) against P388 ascites tumors in B6D2F1 mice. Etoposide (25 mg/kg) and C18PCA (5 mg/kg) were given orally on days 1–5 after tumor inoculation. The median life span of the mice treated with etoposide or C18PCA alone was 19.5 and 18 days, respectively. The combination of both drugs significantly extended the median life span to 33 days. To clarify this enhancement of the increase in median life span, we examined intracellular deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) pools, cell-cycle distribution, DNA fragmentation, and the time course of the plasma drug concentration. Etoposide had no effect on intracellular dNTP pools in this experimental system, whereas treatment of cells with C18PCA or with the combination of both drugs resulted in a significant increase in dTTP pools to values ranging from 1.8- to 2.0-fold higher than the control levels. There was a significant increase in cells in the S+G2/M phase when cells had been treated with both etoposide and C18PCA. Agarose-gel electrophoresis of the extracted DNA revealed that C18PCA enhanced the fragmentation of DNA, with a length of about 180 bp being induced by etoposide. The plasma peak levels of etoposide (1000 nM) and ara-C (50 nM) were observed at 20 and 30 min after the simultaneous administration of both drugs, respectively. The plasma etoposide level gradually decreased to 10% of the peak level at 240 min after administration. On the other hand, the plasma concentration of ara-C was maintained at above 20 nM at 240 min. These observations suggest that C18PCA and etoposide act on P388 murine leukemic cells by accumulating cells in the S+G2/M phase. Even if the plasma concentration of ara-C is low, the repair of DNA damage by etoposide may be hindered in the presence of ara-C following an increase in DNA fragmentation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00685900
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Combined oral administration of etoposide and arabinofuranosylcytosine-5′-stearylphosphate enhances the antitumor effect against P388 ascites tumors (1994)
    Springer
    Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology 33 (1994), S. 281-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0843
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We investigated the antitumor effect of oral administration of etoposide and arabinofuranosylcytosine-5′-stearylphosphate (C18PCA) against P388 ascites tumors in B6D2F1 mice. Etoposide (25 mg/kg) and C18PCA (5 mg/kg) were given orally on days 1–5 after tumor inoculation. The median life span of the mice treated with etoposide or C18PCA alone was 19.5 and 18 days, respectively. The combination of both drugs significantly extended the median life span to 33 days. To clarify this enhancement of the increase in median life span, we examined intracellular deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) pools, cell-cycle distribution, DNA fragmentation, and the time course of the plasma drug concentration. Etoposide had no effect on intracellular dNTP pools in this experimental system, whereas treatment of cells with C18PCA or with the combination of both drugs resulted in a significant increase in dTTP pools to values ranging from 1.8-to 2.0-fold higher than the control levels. There was a significant increase in cells in the S+G2/M phase when cells had been treated with both etoposide and C18PCA. Agarose-gel electrophoresis of the extracted DNA revealed that C18PCA enhanced the fragmentation of DNA, with a length of about 180 bp being induced by etoposide. The plasma peak levels of etoposide (100 nM) and ara-C (50 nM) were observed at 20 and 30 min after the simultaneous administration of both drugs, respectively. The plasma etoposide level gradually decreased to 10% of the peak level at 240 min after administration. On the other hand, the plasma concentration of ara-C was maintained at above 20 nM at 240 min. These observations suggest that C18PCA and etoposide act on P388 murine leukemic cells by accumulating cells in the S+G2/M phase. Even if the plasma concentration of ara-C is low, the repair of DNA damage by etoposide may be hindered in the presence of ara-C following an increase in DNA fragmentation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00685900
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Degradation of Crystal violet by Nocardia corallina (1993)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 38 (1993), S. 565-569 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Crystal Violet (BV3), a typical triphenylmethane dye, was degraded by growing cells of Nocardia corallina IAM 12121, although their growth was inhibited at the initial stage of incubation. The dye was degraded at a low concentration, below 5 μmol dm−3. The growth of the cells was completely inhibited at a dye concentration of 7 μmol dm−3. A degradation product of BV3 was identified as 4,4′-bis(dimethylamino) benzophenone (Michler's ketone; MK) by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The product was obtained in a reasonable yield since it was not further metabolized by N. corallina IAM 12121.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00242956
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new method for separation and spectrophotometric determination of phosphate ion by the liquid-liquid extraction with benzophenone at an elevated temperature (1978)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 293 (1978), S. 23-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Phosphat neben Silicium, Arsen, Germanium ; Spektralphotometrie ; Extraktion mit Benzophenon, Molybdatmethode
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A new type of separation of phosphate ion, along with its spectrophotometric determination, was established by liquid-liquid extraction, where the yellow heteropoly acid formed by the reaction with ammonium molybdate in acid solution is quantitatively extracted into molten benzophenone at a temperature of about 60° C. When cooled down to room temperature, the benzophenone extract converts from the liquid state to the solid state. The resulting solidified extract is dissolved in methyl propionate, and the phosphate ion in the solvent is determined spectrophotometrically by the blue heteropoly acid method. Possible interference by Si, As and Ge is eliminated by the separation procedure.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei dem beschriebenen Verfahren wird die mit Ammoniummolybdat in saurer Lösung gebildete gelbe Heteropolysäure bei 60° C in geschmolzenes Benzophenon extrahiert. Dieses wird durch Abkühlen verfestigt, in Methylpropionat gelöst und in dieser Lösung das Phosphat spektralphotometrisch als blaue Heteropolysäure bestimmt. Si, As und Ge, die ebenfalls mit Molybdat reagieren, werden durch die Extraktion abgetrennt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00481995
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