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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differences between Cortical Recruiting Responses observed during Wakefulness and Natural Sleep (1963)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 199 (1963), S. 186-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The intravenous administration of 5-20 mg/kg of either thiopental or pentobarbital can enhance the amplitude of recruiting responses and lower their thresholds2. Further, since stimulation of the brain stem reticular formation prevented their occurrence3, it was assumed that recruiting responses ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/199186a0
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differences in enhancing effects of zolpidem and benzodiazepine drugs on recurrent inhibition in rat hippocampal slices (1997)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 131 (1997), S. 394-398 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Key words Zolpidem ; Benzodiazepine ; Hypnotic ; Recurrent inhibition ; GABA ; Hippocampus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract It has been reported that the clinical and electroencephalographic profiles of zolpidem, a non-benzodiazepine drug which binds preferentially to the ω1 benzodiazepine recognition sites located within the GABAA receptor complex, are different from those of benzodiazepine drugs, which bind non-selectively to the ω1 and ω2 sites. In order to clarify the electrophysiological mechanism underlying the unique profile of zolpidem, the present study compared the enhancing effects of zolpidem and two benzodiazepine drugs, triazolam and diazepam, on recurrent inhibition. This inhibition was expressed as suppression of the orthodromically induced population spikes by the preceding antidromic stimulation of the alveus in the CA1 region of rat hippocampal slices. The rank order of potency for enhancing recurrent inhibition was triazolam 〉 diazepam 〉 zolpidem. From the present results and previously reported findings that zolpidem has a lower affinity for the ω2 sites than diazepam while both have the same affinity for the ω1 sites, we concluded that the hippocampal recurrent inhibition appears to be enhanced mainly by activation of the ω2 sites, but not by that of the ω1 sites. Furthermore, the lower potency of zolpidem for enhancing recurrent inhibition may underlie its unique profile in terms of its clinical and electroencephalographic effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130050308
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A quantitative magnetic resonance imaging study of patients with schizophrenia (1993)
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 242 (1993), S. 268-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Magentic resonance imaging ; Schizophrenia ; Ventricular enlargement ; Temporal lobe
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Twenty patients with schizophrenia and ten normal control subjects underwent magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. The volumes of several brain structures were measured using a computer image analysing system. The schizophrenic patients had significantly smaller left parahippocampal volume and larger left temporal horn volume than the control subjects. A larger body of the right lateral ventricle could be estimated in the schizophrenics, but this difference was not significant. In the patient group a non-significant negative corrlation was established between the presence of positive symptoms and the left temporal horn volume. There was no signieficant correlation between the temporal horn and temporal lobe or medial temporal structures. Our results indicate that the left medial temporal structure or left temporal lobe may be involved in schizophrenia and that temporal horn enlargement does not simply represent volume loss of the surrounding tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02190385
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regional cerebral blood flow in patients with schizophrenia (1992)
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 241 (1992), S. 195-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Regional cerebral blood flow ; Tc99m-HMPAO SPECT ; Schizophrenia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Regional cerebral blood flow was evaluated using Tc99m-HMPAO SPECT in 10 medicated patients with schizophrenia and 9 healthy volunteers. There were no prefrontal regions in the patient group with lower regional indices than in the control group. However, in the left hippocampal region, relative blood flow was significantly increased in the patient group compared with the control group. Furthermore, there was a relative increase in blood flow in the left basal ganglia of the patient group. A negative correlation coefficient was calculated between the relative blood flow in the left middle prefrontal cortex and the severity of the blunted affect, as well as between the relative blood flow in the left basal ganglia and the severity of the anhedonia-asociality. These findings indicate that prefrontal hypoactivity is not invariably present in all schizophrenics and that left basal ganglial hyperactivity may be associated with the effects of antipsychotic treatment and clinical improvement. Moreover, the left hippocampal hyperactivity may correspond to left limbic dysfunction in schizophrenia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02190252
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Abnormal functional connectivity in Alzheimer’s disease: intrahemispheric EEG coherence during rest and photic stimulation (1998)
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 248 (1998), S. 203-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Key words Alzheimer’s disease ; Coherence analysis ; Photic stimulation ; EEG ; Functional connectivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Electroencephalography (EEG) coherence provides a measure of functional correlations between two EEG signals. The present study was conducted to examine intrahemispheric EEG coherence at rest and during photic stimulation (PS; 5, 10 and 15 Hz) in ten unmedicated patients with presenile dementia of the Alzheimer type (AD; mean age at onset 56 years). In the resting EEG, the AD patients had significantly lower coherence than gender- and age-matched control subjects in the alpha-1, alpha-2 and beta-1 frequency bands. The EEG analysis during PS also showed that the patients had significantly lower coherence in the frequency corresponding to PS at 10 and 15 Hz. In this study, the changes in coherence from the resting state to the stimulus condition (i.e. PS-related coherence reactivity) were examined. The patients were found to show significantly smaller coherence reactivity to PS at 5 and 15 Hz. These findings suggest that, in addition to the resting state, AD patients have an impairment of intrahemispheric functional connectivity during PS. They also suggest that AD shows a failure of PS-related functional reorganization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004060050038
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Visual dysfunction in treated schizophrenia suggested by visual evoked potentials from pattern-reversal stimulation (1991)
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 241 (1991), S. 61-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Visual evoked potential (VEP) ; Steady-state VEP ; Pattern-reversal stimulation ; Schizophrenia ; Haloperidol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Steady-state visual evoked potentials (steadystate VEPs) from pattern-reversal stimulations were compared in treated schizophrenic patients and normal subjects matched for sex and age. The VEP amplitudes were more variable in the patients than in the controls. Furthermore, the VEP amplitudes of the patients mostly showed little or no change when the check size was varied, in contrast to the controls who showed a marked check size effect. These results suggest that schizophrenics receiving drugs have dysfunction of the visual system, especially an inability to respond adequately to changes of visual information.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02193757
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High reproducibility of regional abnormalities on interictal123I-IMP SPECT brain scans in adults with partial epilepsy (1990)
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 240 (1990), S. 5-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Epilepsy ; Brain scan ; Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) ; N-Isopropyl ; (iodine 123)p-iodoamphetamine (123I-IMP) ; Regional cerebral blood flow
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The reproducibility of twoN-isopropyl-(iodine 123)p-iodoamphetamine (123I-IMP single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scans both taken during interictal periods was studied in 13 adult patients with partial epilepsy who had normal CT scans. The frequency of the seizures and the nature of the ictal symptoms were virtually unchanged during the interval between the two SPECT scans performed in each case. In 8 (72.7%) of 11 patients who had abnormal images consisting of focal hypofixation images of123I-IMP, i.e. zones of decreased regional cerebral blood flow on the first scans, complete or partial regional reproduction of the SPECT abnormalities was observed. This high reproducbility supports the usefulness of SPECT scans in the regional diagnosis of epileptic foci.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02190084
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative EEG analysis at rest and during photic stimulation in drug-naive patients with first-episode paranoid schizophrenia (1994)
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 244 (1994), S. 247-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Quantitative EEG ; Schizophrenia ; Photic stimulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In the present study, quantitative EEG analysis was performed at rest and during 10 Hz photic stimulation in 14 drug-naive patients with first-episode paranoid schizophrenia and 20 sex- and age-matched control subjects. Compared with the normal controls, the patients had significantly lower alpha-2 band amplitude in the resting EEG over all recording regions. No significant group differences were found in other frequency bands. In addition, EEG analysis during photic stimulation demonstrated that the patients had a rather uniform topographic profile in EEG amplitude for the alpha band, with significant group differences being confined to the posterior regions in the left hemisphere. There were no significant group differences in the amplitude for the frequency bands harmonically related to the stimulus frequency. These findings provide further evidence that schizophrenic patients have abnormal EEG activity in both non-stimulus and stimulus conditions, and suggest a dysfunction in the mechanisms underlying EEG alpha generation in schizophrenia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02190377
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