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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hemodynamic Effect of Rapid Atrial Pacing in Fetal Lambs (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Pacing and clinical electrophysiology 22 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: To determine the threshold at which rapid atrial pacing brings on fetal circulatory failure, we made a fetal supraventricular tachyarrhythmia model and measured the central venous pressure, aortic pressure, and right and left ventricular outputs in five fetal lambs. Under maternal anesthesia, the uterus was opened, and under local anesthesia, polyvinyl catheters were inserted into the fetal superior vena cava and ascending aorta through a neck incision. Pacing leads (Medtronic model 6492) were then sutured onto the fetal right atrial appendage via right thoracotomy. Ventricular output was estimated using a Toshiba SSH-65A echocardiography by a transuterine approach. Fetal hemodynamics were observed without pacing (control), and at the atrial pacing rates of 200, 300, 350. and 400/min. Central venous pressure (CVP) increased and the aortic pressure decreased when the right atrium was paced at 350/min or more. Right ventricular output decreased when the right atrium was paced at 300/min or more. The left ventricular output, however, remained constant. The right ventricular output was 382 ± 106 mL/kg/min at control, and 391 ± 117 mL/kg/min when paced at 200/min, but decreased to 210 ± 138 mL/kg/min when paced at 300/min, to 223 ± 102 mL/kg/min when paced at 350/min. and to 186 ± 86 mL/kg/min when paced at 400/min. Fetal circulatory failure occurred when the right atrium was paced at 300/min or more.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8159.1999.tb00445.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über die bakteriostatische Wirkung einiger Tropolonverbindungen und das Verhalten der bakteriellen Resistenz gegen dieselben (1953)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 31 (1953), S. 405-409 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 1. Die bakteriostatische Wirkung des Br3-Trp auf B. subtilis MD 15 ist viel stärker als die Wirkung anderer in Untersuchung genommener Trp-Verbindungen. Die vollkommen hemmende Wirkung tritt bei 1/102 Millimol bzw. 3,5 γ/cm3 auf. Auch auf B. anthracis und Staphylococcus aureus wirkt Br3-Trp unter den angewandten Verbindungen am stärksten. 2. Die Wirkung des Br3-Trp auf B. typhi, B. paratyphi A und B und B. coli communis ist schwach. Auf diese Bacillen wirkt Br2-Trp stärker als die anderen. Auch auf Tuberkelbacillen wirkt Br2-Trp stärker als die anderen. 3. Br1-Trp, Trp und Hi haben ziemlich gleichmäßig starke bakteriostatische Wirkung auf verschiedene Bacillen. Auf B. pyocyaneus und Streptococcus haemolyticus wirken jedoch alle untersuchten Trp-Verbindungen nur unbedeutend. 4. Bacillen werden gegen manche Trp-Verbindungen kaum resistent. Verhältnismäßig leicht führen jedoch die p-Aminoverbindungen zu Resistenz gegen die Bacillen. 5. Bacillen, die auf Trp-haltigem Nährboden gezüchtet worden sind, scheinen für SM einigermaßen empfindlicher zu werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01472493
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bidirectional flow through the ductus arteriosus in normal newborns: Evaluation by Doppler color flow imaging (1991)
    Springer
    Pediatric cardiology 12 (1991), S. 201-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1971
    Keywords: Newborn ; Hemodynamics ; Doppler echocardiography ; Color flow imaging ; Ductus arteriosus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To determine the duration of bidirectional flow through the ductus arteriosus and to confirm the time of functional closure of the ductus arteriosus, 25 normal full-term newborns were studied serially using Doppler color flow imaging beginning at 2–7 h after birth and continuing until no ductal flow was detected (defined as functional closure). At the first examination, blood flow was bidirectional in 19 of 25 infants and continuously left-to-right in the remaining six. Subsequent studies revealed that bidirectional ductal flow changed to continuous left-to-right flow in 17 of 19 infants, whereas two of 19 abolished the flow completely at the second examination. Three of the 19 infants still had bidirectional flow through the ductus arteriosus at 12, 18.5, and 24 h after birth. The percentage of newborns who had bidirectional flow through the ductus arteriosus decreased roughly as a negative exponential function of age. The earliest functional closure of the ductus arteriosus was at 8 h after birth: by 24 hours 44% and by 48 h, 88% were functionally closed. By 72 h of age, the ductus arteriosus was functionally closed in all 25 infants. This study shows that bidirectional flow through the ductus arteriosus changes to continuous left-to-right flow before the functional closure, but can persist up to 24 h after birth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02310566
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coronary aneurysms in Kawasaki disease: Follow-up observation by two-dimensional echocardiography (1985)
    Springer
    Pediatric cardiology 6 (1985), S. 11-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1971
    Keywords: Kawasaki disease ; Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome ; Coronary aneurysm ; Two-dimensional echocardiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The development and regression of the coronary aneurysms in Kawasaki disease was studied with serial two-dimensional echocardiographic (2D echo) examinations. The diameter of the aneurysms at the proximal portions of the left coronary artery was measured on the 2D echo images in ten patients with Kawasaki disease, in whom left coronary aneurysms were found at the acute stage of the illness, and followed by 2D echo for longer than eight months. It was found that coronary aneurysms usually developed during the second week of the illness, reached maximal size at 3–8 weeks, and regressed gradually thereafter. Small aneurysms disappeared in several months, and those of intermediate size regressed in one to two years. Large aneurysms may remain for many years. Mural thrombi within the aneurysms were detected with 2D echo in three patients. They decreased in echodensity and eventually disappeared echographically.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02265402
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solitary interruption of the aortic arch with stenotic origin of the left subclavian artery in 45, XO/46, XY/47, XYY mosaicism (1990)
    Springer
    Heart and vessels 5 (1990), S. 120-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-2573
    Keywords: Interruption of the aortic arch ; Stenotic origin of the left subclavian artery ; 45, XO/46, XY/47, XYY mosaicism ; Turner syndrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A four-year-old boy whose karyotype was 45, XO/46, XY/47, XYY mosaicism was diagnosed as having interruption of the aortic arch without ventricular septal defect or patent ductus arteriosus, complicated by stenotic origin of the left subclavian artery, which resembled coarctation of the aorta hemodynamically. Solitary interruption of the aortic arch is a very rare anomaly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02058330
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pulmonary arterial compliance in children with atrial and ventricular septal defect (2000)
    Springer
    Heart and vessels 15 (2000), S. 61-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-2573
    Keywords: Kew words Congenital heart disease ; Septal defects ; Children ; Pulmonary arterial compliance ; Pulmonary hypertension
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Previous studies have documented the normal values of pulmonary arterial compliance (Cp) in animals and adult humans. In the past, variations in Cp and its measurement in children with septal defects has been unknown. In the present study, we found the Windkessel model, which uses compliance and resistance as parameters, to be a useful tool in understanding Cp in pediatric patients. Calculations of Cp were based on the pulmonary arterial diastolic pressure waveform as an exponential function of time. First, Cp was estimated by studying pressure tracings of the main pulmonary artery (MPA) obtained from both routine cardiac catheterization and pressure measured by a catheter-tip manometer, which was performed during a catheterization study of seven children with various congenital heart diseases. Second, 124 children with atrial and ventricular septal defects aged between 45 days and 12 years were studied using the data obtained from routine catheterization. Hemodynamic data were used to calculate pulmonary vascular resistance (Rp), pulmonary arterial time constant (Tp) and Cp. A strong correlation (r = 0.954) was found in the Cp value estimated by data obtained from routine catheterization and from the catheter-tip manometer study. The present study shows an estimated mean (SEM) Cp in normal children of 1.53 (0.17) ml/mmHg per m2. The estimated mean (SEM) Cp was 1.91 (0.10) and 1.70 (0.11) ml/mmHg per m2 in children with atrial septal defect (ASD) and ventricular septal defect (VSD), respectively. It was found that Cp was significantly (P = 0.04) higher in female patients with a VSD. Also, a significantly low Cp (0.95 ± 0.06 ml/mmHg per m2) was observed in patients with a VSD and pulmonary hypertension (VSDPH). In conclusion, Cp was calculated by the exponential decay portion of the MPA diastolic pressure waveform. A normal Cp value was observed in ASD and VSD patients and a significantly low Cp was observed in children with a VSDPH. Cp was higher in female VSD patients than in male VSD patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003800070033
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Afterload reduction by hydralazine in children with a ventricular septal defect as determined by aortic input impedance (1994)
    Springer
    Cardiovascular drugs and therapy 8 (1994), S. 161-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7241
    Keywords: ventricular septal defect ; hydralazine ; afterload wall stress ; aortic input impedance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Hydralazine was administered at cardiac catheterization to eight children with a ventricular septal defect (age: 2.2–8.8 years), and the extent of afterload reduction was determined using aortic input impedance and wall stress. The pulmonary to systemic blood flow ratio decreased from 2.2±0.8 to 1.8±0.4 (p〈0.05) and the pulmonary systemic resistance ratio increased from 0.11±0.08 to 0.13±0.10 (p〈0.05) after hydralazine administration. Hydralazine reduced mean aortic pressure and the amplitude of the late systolic peak of the aortic pressure wave. Peak flow velocity in the descending aorta increased from 62±14 to 81±24 cm/sec (p〈0.05). Peripheral resistance decreased significantly from 13.3±5.9 to 6.6±3.7 103 dyn sec/cm3 (p〈0.05). The modulus of the first harmonic, indicating pulse wave reflection, decreased from 1196±575 to 815±382 dyn sec/cm3 (p〈0.05). The characteristic impedance, indicating aortic stiffness, did not change. End-systolic wall stress decreased significantly from 54.4±16.7 to 34.8±10.2 g/cm2 (p〈0.01). Hydralazine acutely achieved afterload reduction by reducing both peripheral resistance and pulse wave reflection, and increased stroke volume.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00877105
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