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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A high efficiency double 45°-cut mutually pumped phase conjugate mirror (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 2137-2139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report for the first time a double 45°-cut mutually pumped phase conjugate mirror, which has high phase conjugate reflectivities and is highly insensitive to the alignment of the two incident beams. For example, two mutually incoherent incident beams can produce their own phase conjugate outputs when the angle between the incident beams is varied from as much as 7° to 140° and over 60% conjugate reflectivity can be obtained. Furthermore, the phase conjugate outputs are stable because the competition from the self-pumped phase conjugation can be avoided easily.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.354742
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies of photorefractive diffraction dynamic in paraelectric KTa1−xNbxO3 crystals (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 8050-8058 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The dynamics of photorefractive diffraction in paraelectric KTa1−xNbxO3 crystals during writing, reading, and erasing have been studied systematically. Experimental observations related not only to the diffraction from the first-order photorefractive grating but also to that from the second-order photorefractive grating, and where a writing beam with spots smaller than, as well as larger than, the entrance surface of the crystal was used. All the complicated behaviors observed have been explained qualitatively. An electron-hole transport model and a nonequilibrium screening model have been applied, and the existence of an internal dc electric field induced during writing simultaneously by an optical field and an externally applied field has been suggested and demonstrated. The significant influence of this induced field is indicated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353920
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bidirectional photorefractive ring resonator pumped by a single beam (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 90 (2001), S. 4915-4920 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Bidirectional oscillations can be supported in a single photorefractive ring resonator using Ce:BaTiO3. We show that two oscillation beams can simultaneously propagate in opposite directions under different geometries. The difference in power between the two oscillation beams can reach two orders of magnitude and their stability depends on the pump beam angle of incidence and the crystal's configuration. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1412833
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Artificial uniaxial and biaxial dielectrics with the use of photoinduced gratings (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 23-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We investigate the form birefringence due to photoinduced one- and two-dimensional volume index gratings in DuPont photopolymers. The effective medium theory has been applied to the continuous volume subwavelength gratings. With the presence of a one-dimensional volume subwavelength grating, the originally isotropic photopolymer exhibits a negative form birefringence and behaves like a uniaxial dielectric. A form birefringence of −1.2×10−3 at λ=632.8 nm is measured at a grating period of Λ=447 nm. Experimental results on the dispersion of the form birefringence versus the illumination wavelength and the grating period are presented. With the presence of a two-dimensional grating, in general, the originally isotropic photopolymer exhibits a biaxial form birefringence and behaves like a biaxial dielectric. Positive form birefringence can also be obtained by recording two volume gratings with different grating wave vectors. By recording two photoinduced volume gratings we can synthesize biaxial dielectrics with the principal axes along any desired directions. We also report the measured principal refractive indices of the medium due to the presence of two-dimensional volume gratings in DuPont photopolymer. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.363989
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intensity-dependent absorption and photorefractive properties in cerium-doped BaTiO3 crystals (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 78 (1995), S. 4323-4330 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report the optical absorption and photorefractive properties of a series of cerium-doped barium titanate crystals. The light-induced absorption and the intensity-dependent two-beam coupling gain coefficient indicate that there are at least two active trap levels in cerium-doped BaTiO3 crystals. The total effective trap density, the Debye screening wave vector, and the intensity-dependent factor increase with cerium-doping concentration as well as the pump beam intensity. The positive light-induced absorption and the negative absorption gain coefficient as the grating wave vector approaches zero indicate that the excitation cross section of shallow traps is larger than that of deep traps. One of these crystals exhibits a two-beam coupling coefficient of 8.06 cm−1 for ordinarily polarized beams, which is the highest ever reported to date. Both electro-optic index grating and absorption grating are contributing to the coupling coefficient. The response time of as-grown cerium-doped BaTiO3 with 15 ppm cerium is 220 ms at an intensity of 800 mW/cm2. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.359836
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of femtosecond self-pumped phase conjugation in BaTiO3 (1999)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 74 (1999), S. 2062-2064 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report the generation and characterization of the self-pumped phase conjugation of 450 nm femtosecond pulses in BaTiO3. The pump beam is incident on the crystal from the −c face of the crystal. We suggest that the transmission grating exclusively contribute to the self-pumped phase conjugation and that the femtosecond self-pumped phase conjugator operate with a mechanism of holographic grating sharing. The self-pumped phase conjugate pulses are narrower than the transmitted pulses. The pulse width of the self-pumped phase conjugation increases as the incident angle. The angular dispersion caused by the air crystal interface and the dynamic gratings compensates for the material dispersion of the crystal, leading to narrower reflected pulses from the phase conjugator. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.123757
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phase conjugation of BaTiO3:Ce by backward stimulated photorefractive scattering (1994)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 64 (1994), S. 2341-2343 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We present a self-pumped phase conjugator (SPPC) based on backward stimulated photorefractive scattering in a BaTiO3:Ce crystal in air without any external seed beam. Stable reflectivities of as much as 70% and good phase conjugate fidelity have been demonstrated in the 0°-cut crystals. Over 50% reflectivities at 515 nm have been obtained at an incident angle between 20° and 70°. In comparison with undoped 0°-cut and 45°-cut crystals, the buildup time of SPPC is much faster for the same intensity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.111608
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photorefractive properties of potassium lithium niobate crystals (1999)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 74 (1999), S. 1385-1387 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report the photorefractive properties of K3Li2−xNb5+xO15+2x crystals grown by the edge-defined, film-fed technique. The crystals with lithium/niobate ratio from 18.5/51.5 to 26/44 are grown and investigated by two-beam coupling technique. The crystal of composition K3Li1.783Nb5.687O16.61 exhibits an intensity coupling constant of 8 cm−1 and an effective trap density of 1.8×1022 m−3. The photorefractive majority carriers are electrons in as-grown crystals. The grating recording time and erasure time are 530 and 260 ms, respectively, at an intensity of 2 W/cm2. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.123558
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stabilization of two diode laser wavelengths using photorefractive gratings (1998)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 72 (1998), S. 633-635 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We propose to demonstrate a method of stabilizing the wavelengths of two diode lasers through the use of two photorefractive volume gratings. The two photorefractive gratings recorded at a visible line from an argon ion laser in one LiNbO3 crystal are designed to be Bragg matched for the counterpropagating reflections at infrared wavelengths. The two diode lasers are stabilized at the center wavelengths of the counterpropagating reflections of the two gratings. The stabilized wavelengths and the synthetic wavelength exhibit good short- and long-term stabilities. By using photorefractive crystal, we can effectively control the separation of the stabilized wavelengths. The thermal stability of the photorefractive gratings and the thermal stability of the synthetic wavelength are discussed. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.120829
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Form birefringence of volume gratings in photopolymers (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 69 (1996), S. 3468-3470 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We investigate experimentally the form birefringence due to photoinduced one- and two-dimensional volume index gratings in DuPont photopolymers. Experimental results on the dispersion of the form birefringence versus the illumination wavelength and the grating period for one-dimensional gratings are presented. We also investigate the form birefringence due to two-dimensional volume gratings. Positive form birefringence and biaxial form birefringence can be obtained by recording two volume gratings with different grating wave vectors. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.117254
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