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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrophobic nature of sugars as evidenced by their differential affinity for polystyrene gel in aqueous media (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 14 (1985), S. 891-902 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Sugars ; hydrophobicity ; partition coefficient ; polystyrene gel ; CH-dense surface ; transfer free energy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Partition coefficients K av for the partition of sugars between a polystyrene gel and aqueous solvents were determined. The results show that monosaccharides have different affinities for polystyrene. Their K av values increase markedly in NaCl solution but reduce to nearly the same value in solutions of NaSCN and LiSCN, both highly chaotropic salts. The K av of maltodextrins increase with their molecular weight. These partition peculiarities are attributed to the hydrophobic nature of sugars presumably due to their CH surface. The order of increasing hydrophobicity based on K av is: D-galactose 〈 D-glucose 〈 D-mannose 〈 (D-arabinose, D-xylose) 〈 D-ribose. This order is consistent with that based on the free energy change pertaining to the transfer of sugar molecules from water to 1-butanol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00646298
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The polystyrene affinity of methylglycosides, deoxysugars and glucooligosaccharides (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 17 (1988), S. 347-358 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Methylglycosides ; deoxysugars ; glucooligosaccharides ; hydrophobicity ; polystyrene affinity ; partition coefficient ; CH-surface area
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The partition coefficients K av of methylglycopyranosides, deoxysugars and glucooligosaccharides for partition between polystyrene gel and aqueous solvent systems were determined. Each group of sugars showed widely different polystyrene affinities and these affinities increased markedly in NaCl solution but were eliminated in 50% methanol. The K av for methylα-D-mannoside (10.6) was remarkably greater than those of methyl-α-D-glucoside (3.0) and methyl-α-D-galactoside (2.2). Another notable feature was that the polystyrene affinity was affected by the position of the OH-H substitutions in deoxysugars and by the type of the glucosidic linkages of glucodisaccharides. The inspection of the overall K av spectrum together with the accessible surface data of sugar molecules suggests that the hydrophobicity of sugars is determined by a set of several factors including CH-surface area, hydration effect of OH groups and molecular planarity and rigidity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00650415
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Peculiar effects of alkali thiocyanates on the activity coefficients of aromatic hydrocarbons in water (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 12 (1983), S. 741-754 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Salting-in ; salting-out ; alkali halides and thiocyanates ; octanol ; aromatic hydorcarbons ; salting coefficient ; internal pressure ; structural hydration interaction ; scaled particle theory
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Among twenty-two 1:1 electrolytes examined, LiSCN, CsSCN, KSCN and CsI have a considerable effect on the aqueous solubilities of a series of nonelectrolytes. LiSCN shows a salting-in effect for all the nonelectrolytes examined including 1-octanol, benzene, naphthalene and biphenyl while CsSCN and CsI show a salting-out effect for 1-octanol but a salting-in effect for all the aromatic hydrocarbons. The effect of NaSCN and KSCN on the solubilities of naphthalene and biphenyl results in an anomalous concentration depencence, i.e., both salting-in and salting-out effects occur depending upon the electrolyte concentration. It is suggested that the anomalous salt effects may partly be explained through perturbation of preexisting ion-ion structural hydration interaction upon introduction of the solute molecules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00647385
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of salt on the inter- and intramolecular hydrophobic interactions of macromolecules (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 15 (1986), S. 839-850 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Salt effect ; hydrophobic interaction ; low density lipoprotein ; bovine serum albumin ; chaotropic effect ; molecular aggregation ; alkali thiocyanate ; sedimentation coefficient
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The effect of salt on the structure of a low density lipoprotein (LDL) and on the reversible polymerization of bovine serum albumin (BSA) reduced with 2-mercaptoethanol was investigated by means of ultracentrifugal analysis. The chaotropic anion, e.g., SCN− and I−, at 5M completely disrupted the LDL structure and effectively dissociated BSA oligomers at lower concentrations. The parallelism between the anion order of these effects and that of the chaotropic effect suggested that the observed salt effects are primarily based on the disruption of hydrophobic interactions. The cation effectiveness disrupting the LDL structure followed the order of their promoting effect on the water structure, i.e., Li+〉Na+〉K+〉Cs+. However, Cs+ was most effective in dissociating BSA oligomers, and this was attributed to the π-complex formation with the aromatic amino acid side chains which otherwise contribute to the promotion of the intermolecular hydrophobic association.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00646091
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential interactions of cyclodextrins with hydrophobic derivatives of sepharose CL-4B (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 24 (1995), S. 587-600 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Cyclodextrins ; host-guest interaction ; octyl- and phenyl-sepharose ; hydrophobic chromatography ; thermodynamic parameters ; salt effect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The partition coefficients Kav between the solution phase and octyl- and phenyl-sepharose CL-4B were determined for three cyclodextrins (CDs), α-CD, β-CD and γ-CD in various aqueous solutions, as a measure of their interactions with the two hydrophobic ligands. Kav of the CDs increased in the order of γ-CD〈β-CD〈α-CD for octyl-sepharose CL-4B and α-CD〈γ-CD〈β-CD for phenyl-sepharose CL-4B. In all cases, Kav increased by increasing NaCl concentration in the aqueous solution phase and also by lowering temperature, but in the presence of NaBr and NaSCN, both chaotropic salts, Kav decreased markedly. The spontaneity of the transfer of the CDs from the aqueous solution phases to the gel phases was due to the enthalpy decrease. It was shown that discrete separation of the three CDs can be achieved by the hydrophobic chromatography on a short column (1×25cm) of octyl-sepharose CL-4B by adjusting the NaCl concentration and temperature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00973209
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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