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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lethal exposure times and preconditioning to upper temperature limits of some temperate North Atlantic red algae (1987)
    Springer
    Helgoland marine research 41 (1987), S. 323-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Using the red algaPolyneura hilliae as an example, the minimum time taken for lethal temperature exposure, with no regeneration capacity left, was 2 weeks. Employing this exposure time, the upper temperature limits of the following 13 red algal species belonging to four biogeographical distribution groups were determined:Callophyllis lacinita, Polyneura hilliae, Hypoglossum hypoglossoides, Halurus equisetifolius, Lomentaria articulata, Cryptopleura ramosa, Calliblepharis ciliata (warm-temperate Mediterranean-Atlantic group);Callithamnion tetragonum, Lomentaria orcadensis (amphiatlantic-temperate group);Grinnellia americana, Lomentaria baileyana, Agardhiella subulata (northeast American tropical-temperate group),Solieria tenera (amphiatlantic tropical-temperature group). Pre-incubation temperatures of 10 and 20°C for one month (or 15 and 25°C for the two last-mentioned distribution groups) did not measurably affect the critical survival temperature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02366196
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature, light, and photoperiod responses of some Northeast American and West European endemic rhodophytes in relation to their geographic distribution (1984)
    Springer
    Helgoland marine research 38 (1984), S. 273-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The relationship between distributional boundaries and temperature responses of some Northeast American and West European endemic and amphiatlantic rhodophytes was experimentally determined under varying regimes of temperature, light, and daylength. Potentially critical temperatures, derived from open ocean surface summer and winter isotherms, were inferred from distributional data for each of these algae. On the basis of the distributional data the algae fall within the limits of three phytogeographic groups: (1) the Northeast American tropical-to-temperate group; (2) the warm-temperate Mediterranean Atlantic group; and (3) the amphiatlantic tropical-to-warm temperate group. Experimental evidence suggests that the species belonging to the northeast American tropical-to-temperate group(Grinnellia americana, Lomentaria baileyana, andAgardhiella subulata) have their northern boundaries determined by a minimum summer temperature high enough for sufficient growth and/or reproduction. The possible restriction of 2 species (G. americana andL. baileyana) to the tropical margins may be caused by summer lethal temperatures (between 30 and 35 °C) or because the gradual disintegration of the upright thalli at high temperatures (〉30 °C) promotes an ephemeral existence of these algae towards their southern boundaries. Each of the species have a rapid growth and reproductive potential between 15–30 °C with a broad optimum between 20–30 °C. The lower limit of survival of each species was at least 0 °C (tested in short days only). Growth and reproduction data imply that the restrictive distribution of these algae to the Americas may be due to the fact that for adequate growth and/or reproduction water temperatures must exceed 20 °C. At temperatures ≦15 °C reproduction and growth are limited, and the amphiatlantic distribution through Iceland would not be permitted. On the basis of experimental evidence, the species belonging to the warm-temperate Mediterranean Atlantic group(Halurus equisetifolius), Callophyllis laciniata, andHypoglossum woodwardii), have their northern boundaries determined by winter lethal temperatures. Growth ofH. equisetifolius proceeded from 10–25 °C, that ofC. laciniata andH. woodwardii from 5–25 °C, in each case with a narrow range for optimal growth at ca. 15 °C. Tetrasporelings ofH. woodwardii showed limited survival at 0 °C for up to 4 d. For all members of the group tetrasporangia occurred from 10–20 °C. The southern boundary ofH. equisetifolius andC. laciniata is a summer lethal temperature whereas that ofH. woodwardii possibly is a winter growth and reproduction limit. Since each member of this group has a rather narrow growth and survival potential at temperatures 〈5 °C and 〉20 °C, their occurrence in northeast America is unlikely. The (irregular) distribution ofSolieria tenera (amphiatlantic tropical-to-warm temperate) cannot be entirely explained by the experimental data (possibly as a result of taxonomic uncertainties).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01997485
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Patterns of metal accumulation in Laminaria longicruris from Long Island Sound (Connecticut) (1992)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 22 (1992), S. 305-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Laminaria longicruris de la Pyl. samples were harvested from Long Island Sound (Connecticut) from January 1985 to January 1986. Cadmium and copper content was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry from four tissue types; young blade, old blade, young stipe and old stipe. The results were statistically analyzed for differences in both type and age of tissue. Concentrations of cadmium were consistently lower than copper concentrations for all months and all tissue types. Statistically significant differences (p〉0.05) were found between the four tissue types for copper in the months of March, June, July, October and December, and for cadmium in the months of February, March, June, July, October and November. Young blade tissue and young stipe tissue were the tissues which most frequently found to be statistically different from the other tissues. Young stipe tissue had the lowest trace metal concentrations (1.3 mean ppm, dry wt. Cu, 0.22 mean ppm, dry wt. Cd). Young blade tissue had significantly higher metal values in comparison to the other tissues for the months of June and October. Old tissue of L. longicruris is the most suitable for use in biomonitoring of trace metals due to the relatively little variation in metal content that was found throughout the study period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00212091
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acclimation responses to salinity of three estuarine red algae from New Jersey (1979)
    Springer
    Marine biology 51 (1979), S. 289-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effects of salinity and acclimation time on the net photosynthetic responses of 3 estuarine red algae, Bostrychia radicans Mont., Caloglossa leprieurii (Mont.) J. Ag., and Polysiphonia subtilissima Mont., from Great Bay Estuary, New Jersey, USA, were investigated. The algae were cultured in a series of synthetic seawater media of 5, 15, 25 and 35% S for acclimation periods of 0, 2, 4, 8, and 16 days prior to determining their photosynthetic responses. All species were euryhaline, and demonstrated photosynthesis at all the above salinities. B. radicans, which was more common towards the mouth of the estuary, had a maximum photosynthetic rate at 25% S, whilst C. leprieurii and P. subtilissima, which were more common towards the head of the estuary, had photosynthetic maxima between 15 and 25%, and at 15%, respectively. The curves relating net photosynthesis to salinity were usually similar within a species at different acclimation periods, although statistically significant differences were sometimes noted. The acclimation periods producing maximal net photosynthesis were 0, 2 and 4 days for B. radicans, and 4 days for C. leprieurii, whilst for P. subtilissima there was no significant difference in response for any acclimation period over the range of salinities studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00386809
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seaweeds of potential economic importance in Kenya: field survey and future prospects (1990)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 204-205 (1990), S. 339-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: alginate ; agar ; carrageenan ; East Africa ; Kenya ; seaweeds
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Kenya is a net importer of agar and alginate based on recent government statistics, although it may have the potential to be self-sufficient or even an exporter of these phycocolloids. There is little information on carrageenan importation into Kenya since government statistics incorporate it as agar. Seaweeds are relatively unimportant in the Kenyan diet since they are consumed rarely by coastal people. A survey of 15 sites along of the Kenyan coast evaluated the potential for harvesting seaweeds and for establishing seaweed farms. Gracilaria appears to comprise the bulk of the low grade agar import, even though local species of this genus are widely distributed along the Kenyan coast. Major populations of Gelidium may be a potential source of high quality bacteriological grade agar. Eucheuma may be farmed locally to support the increasing local and regional demands for carrageenan. Recommendations for a national program of management and production for Kenya will be discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00040254
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An examination of the population genetics of Laminaria and other brown algae in the laminariales using starch gel electrophoresis (1993)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 260-261 (1993), S. 67-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract While some investigators have attempted to use isozyme electrophoresis to gain information on the genetics of brown algae, most have reported unsatisfactory results. Through exhaustive screening and modification of sample preparation techniques, gel and tray buffers systems, plus staining recipes, we have developed procedures that consistently provide scorable bands for over 20 enzyme systems in several laminarian algae. We have used our procedures to examine geographically diverse populations of Laminaria saccharina and L. longicruris, as well as L. digitata, L. groenlandica, Agarum cribrosum, Alaria esculenta, Chorda tomentosa, and Macrocystis pyrifera. Overall, these kelp species seem to have an extremely low degree of enzyme solymorphism, both within and between populations. While some ‘rare alleles’ occurred in several enzyme systems, only 3–5 loci were found to be polymorphic. Our results are consistent with the few reported studies that have used molecular genetic techniques to look at the intraspecific variability of laminarian algae. We suggest that at the species level the Laminariales, and perhaps other groups of brown algae, are genetically extremely conservative as compared to other divisions of plants. We further suggest that isozyme electrophoresis provides a quick and useful tool for algal population genetic studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00049005
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth and reproductive responses of Laminaria longicruris (Laminariales, Phaeophyta) to nutrient enrichment (1990)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 204-205 (1990), S. 505-511 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: growth ; kelp ; Laminaria ; nutrient enrichment ; reproduction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A series of comparative culture experiments were conducted in order to determine responses of Laminaria longicruris male and female gametophytes and juvenile sporophytes to several temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20 °C), light levels (10, 35, 75 µmol m−2 s−1) and media nitrogen concentrations (0, 20, 100 µM ammonium-nitrogen). Responses were measured as numbers of male and female gametophytes producing gametangia and number of sporophytes produced following fertilization. Both male and female gametogenesis was reduced at 5 and 20 °C versus 10 and 15 °C. At 20 °C gametogenesis inhibition was greater with higher levels of ammonium-nitrogen concentration (100 µM). Sporophyte production was more sensitive to light, temperature and nitrogen concentration than gametogenesis. Production of sporophytes was inhibited completely at 20 °C. At lower temperatures, increasingly higher nutrient concentrations produced greater inhibition of production of sporophytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00040278
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Allocation of blade surface to reproduction in Laminaria longicruris of Long Island Sound (USA) (1993)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 260-261 (1993), S. 173-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: kelp ; Laminaria ; Long Island Sound ; reproduction ; seaweed ; sorus ; sporogenesis ; temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Sorus formation in the kelp Laminaria longicruris de la Pylaie (Phaeophyta) was quantified for a biennial population in Long Island Sound (Connecticut, USA), at the southern limit of its biogeographical range in the Western Atlantic Ocean. The allocation of blade surface to reproduction was measured monthly during two years, with additional samples taken at times of peak growth and reproduction. Sporophytes produced sori year-round, with the highest percentages of fertile plants (75 to 95 percent) occurring from October to December. The mean percentage of sorus area to blade ranged from 1 to 37 percent, remaining low and fairly constant during the spring and summer, but reaching much higher levels in the fall (when growth is minimal) and early winter. The comparatively low mean annual allocation of blade surface to reproduction (5 percent), was postulated to be due to temperature stress on these plants at the southern limit of distribution, but may instead be typical of the species. Such a small allocation of resources to reproduction nevertheless results in billions of spores per m2 of substrate, making a major contribution of material potentially available to grazing food webs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00049017
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