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  • 1
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract: We investigated for the first time the effect of lipopolysaccharide and the signal transduction pathway on the biosynthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin [(6R-l-erythro-1′,2′-dihydroxypropyl)-2-amino-4-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridine], the cofactor for the enzymatic hydroxylation of the aromatic amino acids, in the murine neuroblastoma cell line N1E-115, which synthesizes tetrahydrobiopterin constitutively. Activation of N1E-115 cells with 1 µg/ml lipopolysaccharide resulted in statistically significant increases in both intracellular tetrahydrobiopterin contents and the activity (Vmax) of GTP cyclohydrolase I, a rate-limiting enzyme in tetrahydrobiopterin de novo biosynthesis. Following simultaneous addition of the inhibitors of protein tyrosine kinases and GTP-binding proteins into serum-free culture media with lipopolysaccharide, we analyzed the transduction pathway of lipopolysaccharide signal toward the tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthetic system in N1E-115 cells. Our data indicate the following conclusions: (a) Protein tyrosine kinase systems are involved in mediating lipopolysaccharide signal to tetrahydrobiopterin production, and (b) there may be a cross-talk between GTP-binding protein and the protein tyrosine kinase system in mediating lipopolysaccharide signal. These observations suggest that a neuronal cell such as N1E-115, which barely expresses CD14 on its cell surface, responds to lipopolysaccharide like macrophages and monocytes in the absence of soluble CD14.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 45 (1985), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract: Experiments were performed to demonstrate the involvement of electron transport system in fatty acid elongation in rat brain microsomes. Mercuric chloride and p-chloromercuriphenylsulfonate, inhibitors on NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase, at 32 μM inhibited NADH-supported palmitoyl-CoA elongation to 30 and 60% of control activity, respectively, whereas NADPH-supported palmitoyl-CoA elongation was unaffected by these mercurials. An antibody to rat liver NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase inhibited brain microsomal NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase activity and NADH-dependent palmitoyl-CoA elongation. Treatment of brain microsomes with trypsin diminished the cytochrome b5 content; NADH- and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activities were significantly decreased, but the decrease in NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase activity was relatively small. Whereas essentially no incorporation of malonyl-CoA into palmitoyl-CoA was observed with trypsintreated microsomes, addition of detergent-solubilized cytochrome b5 resulted in a recovery of fatty acid elongation. These results indicate the presence of an electron transport system, NADH-NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase–cytochrome b5-fatty acid elongation, in brain microsomes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 46 (1986), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract: The elongation of arachidoyl-CoA (20:0-CoA) yielded 22:0 and 24:0 concomitantly, whereas the elongation of behenoyl-CoA (22:0-CoA) yielded only a negligible amount of 24:0 in adult swine cerebral microsomes. The dependence on time, pH, and the substrate concentrations were examined for the synthesis of 22:0 and 24:0 from 20:0-CoA. A microcomputer-aided simulation study suggested that there were two parallel pathways in the elongation of 20:0-CoA to 22:0 and 24:0. The elongation of 22:0-CoA could not be observed in adult swine cerebral microsomes; however, it was observed clearly in newborn swine and rat brain microsomes. A dilution experiment with the addition of cold 22:0-CoA in the reaction of elongation of 20:0-CoA confirmed the above suggestion that no intermediate 22:0 appeared during the synthesis of 24:0 from 20:0-CoA. The elongation of endogenous 20:4-CoA to 22:4 and 24:4 was examined in newborn swine cerebral microsomes, and the presence of two parallel pathways in the elongation of 20:4-CoA to 22:4 and 24:4 similar to those involved in the elongation of 20:0-CoA to 22:0 and 24:0 was suggested.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Quelle: ACS Legacy Archives
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Quelle: ACS Legacy Archives
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 84 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The annealing characteristics of Knoop-indented silica and soda–lime–silica glasses were investigated. These glasses were indented using a Knoop indenter in water, and they were annealed at various temperatures below the glass transition temperature. The major diagonal length of the Knoop indentation was measured before and after annealing, and the change of the diagonal length was determined. The change of diagonal length in silica glass was much larger than that in soda–lime–silica glass. This was attributed to the occurrence of more densification around the Knoop indentation in the silica glass. The activation energy of the shrinkage of the Knoop indentation in the silica glass, estimated from the temperature dependence of the relaxation time, was 46 kJ/mol, which was much less than that of viscous flow in silica glass. This suggested that the shrinkage of the Knoop indentation was caused by the structural relaxation of densified glass around the Knoop indentation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 82 (1999), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Subcritical crack growth in glass shows three characteristic regions, depending on crack velocity. Among three regions, in region III, where water does not affect crack-growth behavior, the slope of the crack-growth curve can be correlated with the intrinsic nature of glass fracture. In this study, to measure the crack velocity in region III, a periodic stress wave was applied to produce fracture-surface markings in the double-cleavage-drilled compression specimen. The crack-growth data obtained were compared with results obtained via direct observation of the crack front. As a result, this method, by using stress-wave fractography, was found to be effective to obtain the crack-growth curve in region III.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 246 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: We developed a molecular screening procedure using Southern hybridization and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to identify aldoxime dehydratase (Oxd) encoding genes (oxds) among 14 aldoxime- or nitrile-degrading microorganisms. When an oxd gene of Rhodococcus erythropolis N-771 was used as a probe, positive hybridization signals were seen with the chromosomal DNA of eight strains, suggesting that these strains have similar oxd genes to R. erythoropolis N-771. By analyzing the PCR-amplified fragments with degenerate consensus primers, the occurrence of homologous Oxd coexisting with Fe-containing NHase in the active eight strains was demonstrated coinciding with the results of Southern hybridization. Whole length of oxd gene was cloned as an example from one of the positive strains, Pseudomonas sp. K-9, sequenced, and expressed in E. coli. Analysis of the primary structure of the protein (OxdK) encoded by the oxd gene of Pseudomonas sp. K-9 led to identify an Oxd having a new primary structure. Thus, the PCR-based analysis of oxd gene is a useful tool to detect and analyze the “aldoxime-nitrile pathway” in nature, since Oxd is the key enzyme for the pathway.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Schlagwort(e): Ternary complexation ; manganese(II) ; cadmium(II) ; 1,10-phenanthroline; 2,2′-bipyridine ; halide ions ; thiocyanate ion ; titration calorimetry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Ternary complexation of manganese(II) and cadmium(II) with1,10-phenanthroline (phen), and halide (chloride, bromide) or pseudohalide (thiocyanate) ions asligands has been studied by precise titration calorimetry inN,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) at 25°C. Data obtained for the ternary system were analyzed onthe basis of thermodynamic parameters for the binary MII-phen and MII-X-(M= Mn or Cd, X = Cl, Br, or SCN) systems. In the binary MII-phen system,formation of a series of mono- to tris- 1,10-phenanthroline complexes isestablished and the formation constants and reaction enthalpies and entropies areobtained. Thermodynamic parameters of complexation for the MII-X- systemshave previously been obtained. All titration curves obtained in the ternary systemsare explained well in terms of formation of mononuclear complexes of the type[MX m (phen) N ](2−m)+. With manganese(II), formation of [MnX(phen)]+,[MnX2(phen)], [MnX3(phen)]−,[MnX(phen)2]+, and[MnX2(phen)] is establishedfor X = Cl and SCN, and [MnX(phen)]+, [MnX2(phen)], [MnX(phen)2]+, and[MnX2(phen)2] for X = Br. With cadmium(II), formation of [CdX(phen)]+,[CdX2(phen)], [CdX3(phen)]−, [CdX(phen)2]+, and [CdX2(phen)2], is establishedfor X = Cl and Br, and [CdX(phen)]+, [CdX2(phen)], [CdX(phen)2]+, and[CdX2(phen)2] for X = SCN. The formation constants, and reaction enthalpiesand entropies are obtained. The results are discussed in comparison with thosefor the corresponding 2,2′-bipyridine systems.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Advanced materials research Vol. 39-40 (Apr. 2008), p. 137-146 
    ISSN: 1662-8985
    Quelle: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Although Poisson's ratio (ν) is a macroscopic elastic parameter it depends much on thefine details of the atomic packing. Glasses exhibit a wide range of values for  from 0.1 to 0.4which correlate to the glass network polymerisation degree, hence reproducing at the atomic scalewhat is observed in cellular materials at the macroscopic scale[1]. As for pure oxide glasses, wefound in various multi-component glasses built on ionic-, covalent- or Van der Waals bonds that anincrease of Poisson’s ratio corresponds to a decrease of the atomic network crosslink degree[2].Noteworthy, an extension of this analysis to the case of metallic glasses correlate the recentlyproposed cluster-like network structure for these glasses[3,4]. A general feature is that a highlycross-linked atomic network results in a glass with a low atomic packing density (large free volumefraction), as exemplified with the case of amorphous silica. The lower the atomic packing density isand the larger the volume change the glass experiences under high pressure (1 to 25 GPa).Indentation experiments with sharp indenters (such as the Vickers one) give birth to hydrostaticstresses of the same order of magnitude and thus induce glass densification. There is hence a directcorrelation between ν (reflecting the packing density) and the indentation behavior[5]
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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