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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the Macronucleus of Paramecium aurelia. I. (with a note on Ultra-violet Micrography). (1962)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 9 (1962), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. This is a description of structures seen in EM preparations of the macronucleus of Paramecium aurelia, using both starved and growing organisms, the latter at timed stages after fission. The effects of treatment with RNA-ase, DNA-ase and of the “silver-Feulgen” reaction are described, and comparisons made between structures in the macronucleus and the micronucleus. The appearance of macronuclei in thin (2 μ) paraffin sections, stained by the Feulgen, azure A and pyroninmethyl green methods, and upon examination by ultra-violet micrography, is also considered. From these observations it is concluded that the macronucleus contains a large number of structures, 0.5 μ in diameter, consisting of an outer RNA-containing region and central elements containing DNA. These bodies, which are usually thought to be “nucleoli” by other workers, are now considered to be the most likely candidates for the genetic “sub-nuclei” which have been postulated from genetic work.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1962.tb02593.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the Macronucleus of Paramecium aurelia. II. Development of Macronuclear Anlagen (1964)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 11 (1964), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. The development of the macronuclear Anlagen of Paramecium aurelia was studied by means of electron, light and ultra-violet microscopy of timed stages following conjugation. In the youngest Anlagen, no differentiated structures could be made out, and staining reactions gave little or no indications of the presence of DNA or RNA. As development proceeds, a number of conspicuous “sponge-like” RNA-containing bodies surrounded by a “matrix” containing DNA can be seen. Eventually these RNA bodies develop DNA centres and apparently disintegrate, yielding the “large bodies” characteristic of the mature macronucleus, and the “small bodies” then also appear. The relation of these observations to interpretations of the structural elements in the macronucleus is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1964.tb01786.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ammonia inhibits phagosome–lysosome fusion in macrophages (1980)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 286 (1980), S. 79-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Filtrates were obtained from surface-pellicle cultures of either M. tuberculosis virulent human strain H37Rv after 2-4 months on Ratledge-Hall 'normal' liquid medium6, containing asparagine as sole nitrogen source, or M. tuberculosis bovis strain AN5 after 10 weeks on a modified Dorset-Henly liquid ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/286079a0
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interference with normal phagosome-lysosome fusion in macrophages, using ingested yeast cells and suramin (1975)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 256 (1975), S. 47-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Some natural exceptions to the usual fusion pattern in macrophages have been observed, notably the non-fusion response to virulent Myobacterium tuberculosis? and living Toxoplasma gondii11. These non-fusion patterns can be reversed by attaching antibody to the organisms before their ingestion12"14; ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/256047a0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of Lysosomes and of Cell Membranes in Photosensitization (1966)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 209 (1966), S. 874-878 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] DAMAGE to cells and tissues can be produced in vivo or in vitro by the combined effects of a photosensitizing substance and light. Photosensitization occurs in vivo in humans or animals exposed to a variety of drugs or noxious substances, or accumulating certain metabolites as a consequence of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/209874a0
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fluorescence Microscopy with the Quartz-Iodine Lamp (1967)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 213 (1967), S. 649-650 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Many dyes fluoresce when they are irradiated with light of particular wavelengths. This is the basis of some specific microscopical staining techniques, especially in the field of immunology. Where activation depends on blue-violet light the quartz-iodine lamp is a useful and convenient source for ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/213649a0
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amalgamation of two endocytic probe techniques: fluoresceinated cationized ferritin can show up, sequentially, selected structures, first in living cells and then by electron microscopy (1992)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 98 (1992), S. 141-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fluorescein isothiocyanate-cationized ferritin (FITC-CF) has hitherto been used mainly to identify structures in living cells by light microscopy, by virtue of its fluorescent properties. We show here that this conjugate can be used, after immediate fixation of the same cell sample and preparation of thin sections, to recognise the same structures, by virtue of the ferritin's electron opacity. The conjugate should thus have a new use as a single-application, dual-purpose probe, e.g. in endocytic studies. The procedure may have advantages over similar dual-purpose probes in not requiring staining or special treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00717006
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immune modulation by interleukin-12 in tumor-bearing mice receiving vitamin D3 treatments to block induction of immunosuppressive granulocyte/macrophage progenitor cells (1996)
    Springer
    Cancer immunology immunotherapy 42 (1996), S. 213-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Keywords: Key words Interleukin-12 ; Vitamin D3 ; Natural suppressor cells ; Tumor ; Cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC-LN7) tumors stimulate myelopoiesis and increase the presence of granulocyte/macrophage (GM) progenitor cells having natural suppressor activity. Treatment of these tumor-bearing mice with interleukin-12 (IL-12) resulted in minimal immune modulation. The objective of this study was to determine whether eliminating natural suppressor activity would allow for immune stimulation by IL-12. Treatment of LLC-LN7 tumor-bearing mice with vitamin D3 eliminated natural suppressor activity. In mice that were first treated with vitamin D3 and then also with IL-12, there was stimulation of splenic T cell proliferation in response to immobilized anti-CD3 plus IL-2. In addition, spleen and lymph node cells from vitamin-D3/IL-12-treated tumor-bearing mice became stimulated in response to autologous tumor to produce interferon γ (IFNγ), although IL-2 production was not stimulated. A prominent effect of the combined vitamin-D3/IL-12 treatment regimen was the synergistic augmentation of autologous tumor-specific cytolytic activity within the regional lymph nodes. The generation of these tumor-specific effector cells required the presence of the tumor mass since such activity was not elicited in the lymph nodes of mice from which the tumors had been surgically excised. The results of this study show that, after treatment of tumor bearers with vitamin D3 to eliminate GM-suppressor cells, IL-12 can induce select regional antitumor immune responses, particularly IFNγ production and cytolysis by regional lymph node cells of autologous tumor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002620050273
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Treating tumor-bearing mice with vitamin D3 diminishes tumor-induced myelopoiesis and associated immunosuppression, and reduces tumor metastasis and recurrence (1995)
    Springer
    Cancer immunology immunotherapy 41 (1995), S. 37-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Keywords: Key words Tumor ; Immunosuppressor cells ; Myelopoiesis ; GM-CSF ; Metastasis ; Vitamin D3
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Metastatic Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC-LN7) tumors that secrete granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) stimulate myelopoiesis and induce bone marrow-derived immunosuppressor cells that are homologous to granulocyte/macrophage progenitor cells. In vitro treatment of the LLC-LN7 cells with 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 reduced tumor cell production of suppressor-inducing activity, although suppressor-inducing activity could be restored by reconstituting the tumor supernatants with recombinant GM-CSF. Treatment of mice having LLC-LN7 tumors with vitamin D3 reduced tumor production of GM-CSF and the frequency of myeloid progenitor cells. This was associated with a reduction in immunosuppressor activity and an increase in T cell function. Vitamin D3 treatment of mice having palpable tumors transiently retarded tumor growth, but caused a prominent reduction in tumor metastasis. Treating mice with vitamin D3 after tumor excision resulted in a reduction in the tumor-induced myelopoietic stimulation and associated immunosuppressive activity, and enhanced T cell function. These mice had a markedly reduced incidence of tumor recurrence. The results of this study suggest that vitamin D3 treatment of mice with GM-CSF-secreting tumors can interrupt the myelopoiesis-associated immunosuppressor cascade and, in turn, reduce tumor metastasis and recurrence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01788958
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    1α ,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 activates T cells of tumor bearers through protein phosphatase 2A (1997)
    Springer
    Cancer immunology immunotherapy 44 (1997), S. 97-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Keywords: Key words Vitamin D3 ; T cell ; Tumor ; Protein phosphatase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The sterol 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] can inhibit T cell activation as well as restore the functional competence of suppressed T cells. The present studies determined whether 1,25(OH)2D3 had a differential effect on the activation of normal T cells or of suppressed T cells from mice bearing Lewis lung carcinoma tumors. Normal spleen cell proliferation in response to immobilized anti-CD3 was unaffected by the lower doses of 0.1 – 10 nM 1,25(OH)2D3, and was inhibited by the higher dose of 100 nM 1,25(OH)2D3. In contrast, 1,25(OH)2D3 increased proliferation and interferon γ secretion by T cells of tumor bearers in response to stimulation through T cell receptor/CD3. Assessment of mechanisms associated with the 1,25(OH)2D3 stimulation of tumor-bearer T cells implicated protein phosphatase 2A (PP-2A). First, PP-2A activity of spleen cells from tumor bearers was reduced compared to that of normal spleen cells but was increased by 1,25(OH)2D3. Second, 1,25(OH)2D3 stimulation of tumor-bearer T cell proliferation was dependent on this PP-2A activity as it was blocked by doses of okadaic acid that selectively inhibit PP-2A. These results suggest that 1,25(OH)2D3 preferentially enhances the responsiveness of immunosuppressed T cells from tumor bearers to TCR/CD3 stimulation by restoring PP-2A activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002620050361
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