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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential Effects of Chloral Hydrate and Pentobarbital Sodium on a Cocaine Level and Its Catecholamine Response in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex: A Comparison with Conscious Rats (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 64 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats anesthetized with chloral hydrate and pentobarbital sodium were used as two different treatment groups. Conscious rats were used as a control group. By using baseline (precocaine) concentration as 100%, after cocaine administration (3.0 mg/kg i.v.), the maximal dopamine (DA) increase occurring at the first microdialysis collection period (20 min) in the medial prefrontal cortex was 299 ± 46% for the chloral hydrate group, 168 ± 12% for the pentobarbital sodium group, and 325 ± 23% for the conscious group. At the same time, norepinephrine (NA) increases reached a maximum and were 162 ± 20%, 100 ± 5%, and 141 ± 17%, respectively. The maximal changes of DA and NA in the chloral hydrate group and in the control group were both significantly higher than that in the pentobarbital sodium group. Meanwhile, the cocaine concentration was higher over a 100-min period of time in the chloral hydrate group when compared with the pentobarbital group and the control group. The peak cocaine concentration in dialysate occurred in the same time slot of maximal DA and NA responses, which were 0.65 ± 0.08, 0.30 ± 0.02, and 0.41 ± 0.05 µM, respectively. Anesthetics suppress the pharmacologic response of neurons, which may explain the difference in catecholamine response between the pentobarbital sodium and the conscious groups. Conversely, because there was no significant difference in DA and NA response between the chloral hydrate group and the conscious group, it may possibly be due to the balancing effect between the higher existing cocaine concentration and the anesthetic suppression on pharmacological response of neurons in the chloral hydrate group. The effect of guide cannula implantation on the cocaine-induced catecholamine response was also evaluated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1995.64062653.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reconstruction of small Si cluster after ethylene adsorption: A full-potential linear-muffin-tin-orbital molecular-dynamics study (1999)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 110 (1999), S. 10738-10745 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Using full-potential linear-muffin-tin-orbital method, we have performed molecular-dynamics simulations for the ethylene adsorption on the Si5–7-cluster surfaces. The calculations show that the most favored adsorption site is the short bridge site for Si5 cluster, with the adsorption energy 1.78 eV. The adsorption structure of ethylene molecule is similar to that of the dimer-maintained structure for C2H4+Si(100)-(2×1). It indicates that ethylene is di-σ bonded to the Si5 cluster. At the same time, the Si5 cluster reconstructs after ethylene adsorption. The three-center bond among side atoms breaks, and new bonds form. For Si6 cluster, the most favored adsorption site is the atop site on the side atom. After adsorption, Si6 cluster reconstructs from tetragonal bipyramid to edge-capped trigonal bipyramid. The short bridge is the only available site to adsorb ethylene for Si7 cluster. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.479016
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of sputter cleaning on Au/GaAs contacts and the role of doping (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 65 (1989), S. 3568-3573 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The effects of Ar-ion sputtering on electrical properties of Au contacts on (100) GaAs and the role of doping concentration have been studied. The n-GaAs was doped with 1017 or 1018 cm−3 Si or with 1018 cm−3 Te and the p-GaAs with 1018 or 1019 cm−3 Zn. After either chemical etching or Ar-ion beam cleaning of the GaAs, Au contacts were formed by evaporation in ultrahigh vacuum (10−9 Torr). Ion bombardment with Ar+ produced clean but nonstoichiometric, damaged GaAs surfaces. Contacts on chemically cleaned GaAs were either (nearly) ohmic or Schottky, depending upon the dopant and concentration. On sputtered GaAs, all the contacts showed soft rectification but did not act as purely Schottky contacts. The type of dopants, i.e., n or p, caused differences in the I-V behavior, but the behavior for different dopants of the same type was very similar. Sputtering increased the depletion depth on all the samples, and the depletion depth became larger as the ion energy increased and/or the dopant concentration decreased. The electrical behavior of the sputtered samples is suggested to result from the creation of a compensated layer with deep defect states. The deep level states are postulated to be related to defects resulting from sputtering.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.342632
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetoresistance, micromagnetism, and domain wall effects in epitaxial Fe and Co structures with stripe domains (invited) (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 85 (1999), S. 5243-5248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We review our recent magnetotransport and micromagnetic studies of lithographically defined epitaxial thin film structures of body-centered-cubic Fe and hexagonal-closed-packed (hcp) Co with stripe domains. Micromagnetic structure and resistivity anisotropy are shown to be the predominant sources of low field magnetoresistance (MR) in these microstructures, with domain wall (DW) effects smaller but observable (DW-MR(approximately-less-than)1%). In Fe, at low temperature, in a regime in which fields have a significant effect on electron trajectories, a novel negative DW contribution to the resistivity is observed. In hcp Co microstructures, temperature dependent transport measurements for current perpendicular and parallel to walls show that any additional resistivity due to DW scattering is very small. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.369956
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Formation and characteristics of Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 field-effect transistor with a SiO2 buffer layer (1997)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 70 (1997), S. 490-492 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Ferroelectric heterostructures of Au/Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3/SiO2/Si and Au/Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3/Si have been fabricated by using laser ablation technique. Electrical properties of these ferroelectric field-effect transistors have been characterized through both the current vs voltage and capacitance vs voltage (C–V) measurements. The C–V characteristics of Au/Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3/SiO2/Si heterostructures demonstrate a polarization switching behavior, showing a memory window as much as 1 V at 1 kHz. In addition, the experimental results reveal that a SiO2 buffer layer is essential for memory properties in the Au/Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3/SiO2/Si gate structure. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.118190
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of Particle Contact on the Estimation of Powder Reaction Kinetics of Binary Mixtures (1997)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 80 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: To develop a quantitative representation of the interparticle reaction rate of binary powder, an investigation of several models has been undertaken, and their fit to experimental data for the Fe2O3V2O5 system has been performed by the present authors, as well as for the Al2O3CuO, Al2O3ZnO, MgOAl2O3, MgOFe2O3, and Fe2O3ZnO systems published previously. A concentric spherical model proposed recently shows a quantitative correlation between the reaction rate and the number of contact points between particles in unidirectional diffusion and counterdiffusion systems. The model is consistent with experimental data for the above systems. It is potentially useful for reaction-rate analysis of a wide range of powder systems in which particle sizes and the mixing ratio are varied independently. This is an improvement over previous unreacted core analyses such as the Jander and Ginstling–Brounshtein models.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1997.tb02867.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunization with Attenuated Salmonella typhimurium Producing Catalase in Protection against Gastric Helicobacter pylori Infection in Mice (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Helicobacter 8 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1523-5378
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Aim.  To evaluate the protective effect of live attenuated Salmonella typhimurium expressing catalase against gastric Helicobacter pylori infection in mice, and to explore the underlying mechanisms of the protective immune reaction.Materials and Methods  The H. pylori catalase gene was introduced into attenuated S. typhimurium strain SL3261. C57BL/6 mice were orally immunized with the SL3261 vaccine strain expressing catalase or with SL3261 alone or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Mice were sacrificed 4 weeks after immunization and 5 weeks after H. pylori challenge, respectively.Results.  All PBS control mice were infected. Eight of 13 (61.5%) mice immunized with the SL3261 vaccine strain and three of 14 (21%) mice immunized with SL3261 alone showed protection against H. pylori infection. Serum anti-H. pylori IgG2a levels of S. typhimurium-immunized mice were higher than those of PBS controls, both before and after H. pylori challenge, while there were no differences for IgG1 and IgA. Similarly, mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-12 and interferon-γ in the gastric mucosa of S. typhimurium-immunized mice was significantly higher than that of PBS controls both before and after challenge. Moreover, S. typhimurium-immunized mice were characterized by marked infiltration of lymphocyte and mononuclear cells in the gastric mucosa after challenge. IL-4 and IL-10 were not detected in any of the three groups. IL-6 expression was increased in the PBS group compared with the S. typhimurium-immunized groups after challenge.Conclusions.  This study demonstrates that oral immunization of mice with catalase delivered by an attenuated S. typhimurium strain offers protection against H. pylori infection. This protective immunity was mediated through a predominantly Th1-type response and was associated with post-immunization gastritis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-5378.2003.00182.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inactivation of DsbA alters the behaviour of Shigella flexneri towards murine and human-derived macrophage-like cells (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 204 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The mutants of Shigella flexneri, Sh4 (dsbA::kan) and Sh42 (dsbA33G), behave differently towards murine and human-derived macrophage-like cells in vitro. Sh4 was trapped in the phagocytic vacuoles of the murine J774 cells as evidenced by its colony forming units plus and minus chloroquine exposure in a gentamicin protection assay, and by light and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Sh42, similar to the wild-type M90TS, was able to escape from the vacuoles and kill host cells presumably by inducing apoptosis. In U937 cells, unlike M90TS that was free in the cytosol, both Sh4 and Sh42 grew poorly. TEM revealed that Sh4 and Sh42 were trapped within the U937 phagocytic vacuoles. Furthermore, the two mutants induced different patterns of interleukin-1β and tumour necrosis factor-α expression, which might explain why they possess different immunogenic properties in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2001.tb10867.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A homologue of the Escherichia coli DsbA protein involved in disulphide bond formation is required for enterotoxin biogenesis in Vibrio cholerae (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 6 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A strain of Vibrio cholerae, which had been engineered to express high levels of the non-toxic B subunit (EtxB) of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin, was subjected to transposon (TnphoA) mutagenesis. Two chromosomal TnphoA insertion mutations of the strain were isolated that showed a severe defect in the amount of EtxB produced. The loci disrupted by TnphoA in the two mutant derivatives were cloned and sequenced, and this revealed that the transposon had inserted at different sites in the same gene. The open reading frame of the gene predicts a 200-amino-acid exported protein, with a Cys–X–X–Cys motif characteristic of thioredoxin, protein disulphide isomerase, and DsbA (a periplasmic protein required for disulphide bond formation In E. coli). The V. cholerae protein exhibited 40% identity with the DsbA protein of E. coli, including 90% identity in the region of the active-site motif. Introduction of a plasmid encoding E. coli DsbA into the V. cholerae TnphoA derivatives was found to restore enterotoxin formation, whilst expression of Etx or EtxB in a dsbA mutant of E. coli confirmed that DsbA is required for enterotoxin formation in E. coli. These results suggest that, since each EtxB subunit contains a single intramolecular disulphide bond, a transient intermolecular interaction with DsbA occurs during toxin subunit folding which catalyses formation of the disulphide in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1992.tb01368.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The attitudes, concerns, gloving practices and knowledge of nurses in a Taiwanese hospital regarding AIDS and HIV (2004)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    International journal of nursing practice 10 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-172X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Many studies have documented nurses’ attitudes and concerns regarding AIDS/HIV, but little is known about Taiwanese nurses. We documented attitudes, concerns, gloving practices and practical AIDS/HIV knowledge of 1090 nurses from one metropolitan hospital in Changhua City, Taiwan. The response rate was 80.9%. Both HIV and hepatitis contraction in the workplace was nurses’ main concern. Two hundred and ten nurses (19.3%) were seriously considering leaving nursing because of fear of contracting AIDS/HIV. Virtually all nurses considered it their right to be informed of the presence of HIV-positive patients in their direct work area and many believed that HIV testing of patients should be mandatory. Practical AIDS/HIV knowledge was deficient. These Taiwanese nurses have concerns and fears that might be related to deficiencies in practical AIDS/HIV knowledge. Continuous educational programmes are recommended to alleviate these nurses’ attitudes and concerns regarding AIDS/HIV.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-172X.2003.00455.x
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