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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution patterns and individual variations of callosal connections in the albino rat (1982)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 165 (1982), S. 213-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Callosal connections ; Neocortex ; Columnar organization ; Rat ; Degeneration techniques
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary After complete callosotomy the distribution of degeneration products was re-investigated in adult albino rats. Three to seven days post operation, coronal, horizontal and “flattened” sections were impregnated according to the new methods of Gallyas et al. (1980) which stain degenerating axons and terminals, respectively. The regional distribution patterns of callosal terminals were directly visualized with dark field illumination at low magnification. With this technique the distribution pattern of axons and terminals could be compared between different cortical regions and individuals. Callosal terminals tend to accumulate in patches or bands along the borders of cortical regions and areas. The concentration of callosal terminals was especially high at the common corners of more than two cortical areas. The callosal system shows a rather constant distribution pattern which is composed of column shaped subunits. Considerable individual variations were recognized concerning the number, position, shape, density and contiguity of the columnar units either occupied by callosal connections or empty. Although the laminar distribution of callosal terminals shows some similarities in different areas of the cortex, there is no common laminar pattern characteristic either for the whole neocortex or for any cortical region. The comparison between consecutive sections stained either for degenerating fibers or degenerating axon terminals revealed that the callosal axons do not determine directly the arrangement and packing density of callosal synapses. Whatever determines the position and amount of callosal synapses this influence seems to be exerted via translation into the columnar organization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00305478
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simultaneous ultrastructural demonstration of retrogradely transported horseradish peroxidase and choline acetyltransferase immunoreactivity (1985)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 82 (1985), S. 529-537 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In order to study the synaptic connections of neurons identified by their projection target and neurotransmitter content, we have adapted a method of combining retrograde tracing of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and immunocytochemistry at the electron microscopic level. HRP was injected into the rat amygdala. Sections from the rostral forebrain were processed according to the 3,3′-diaminobenzidine/glucose oxidase reaction followed by choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) localization. Neurons in the ventral pallidum which contained both the diffuse immunoperoxidase reaction product (ChAT) and large electron dense bodies characteristic of retrogradely transported HRP were defined as double labeled, i.e. cholinergic neurons that project to the amygdaloid body.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00489974
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative studies on the supraoptic nucleus in the rat. I. Synaptic organization (1975)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 22 (1975), S. 509-523 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Supraoptic nucleus ; Quantitative electron microscopy ; Surgical deafferentation ; Intranuclear connections
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Four types of synapses: axo-axonic, axo-dendritic, axon-spine, and axo-somatic were distinguished in the supraoptic nucleus in the rat. The density of synaptic terminals (boutons) in this nucleus is 35.17·106/mm3 hence there are over 5 million boutons on each side, and on the average 596 per neuron. Only about one third of the axon terminals in this nucleus originate outside the nucleus and its immediate neighbourhood. Two thirds appear to be of intranuclear or otherwise of local origin. This could be explained by assuming either numerous intranuclear axon collaterals or interneurons having richly arborizing axons, or possibly both.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237351
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gold thioglucose induced terminal degeneration in mouse hypothalamus (1974)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 30 (1974), S. 811-813 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Durch die Gabe von Goldthioglucose bei Mäusen werden Läsionen im N. ventromedialis, N. arcuatus, N. premamillaris dorsalis und ventralis hervorgerufen. Die degenerierten Axonendigungen werden elektronenmikroskopisch in der Eminentia mediana, im N. dorsomedialis und an Zellen des basalen Vorderhirn-bündels nachgewiesen. Degenerierte Synapsen sind auch im N. arcuatus und N. ventromedialis zu finden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01924201
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intrahypothalamic connections: An electron microscopic study in the rat (1979)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 34 (1979), S. 201-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Intrahypothalamic connections ; Deafferentation ; Electron microscopy ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Terminal degeneration within the hypothalamus was studied by electron microscopy 1 or 2 days (1) after carefully placed microlesions in the arcuate, anterior periventricular, ventromedial, premammillary and posterior hypothalamic nuclei and (2) after microlesions placed in the hypothalamus deafferented 3 weeks earlier. In the median eminence terminal degeneration was found after each of these lesions. Projections from the ventromedial nucleus reach the arcuate, suprachiasmatic, and anterior periventricular nuclei. Projections from the arcuate nucleus terminate in the medial preoptic, anterior periventricular, and ventromedial nuclei. After lesioning the premammillary nuclei degeneration was found in the supraoptic, arcuate, anterior hypothalamic and ventromedial nuclei.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00235668
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative studies on the supraoptic nucleus in the rat. II. Afferent fiber connections (1975)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 22 (1975), S. 525-540 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Supraoptic nucleus ; Quantitative electron microscopy ; Afferent fiber connections ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A quantitative electron microscopic study of synaptic terminal degeneration was performed in the supraoptic nucleus (NSO) after a variety of major transections or ablations, destroying or interrupting in different combinations the afferent pathways known from earlier and own light microscopic degeneration studies. Solutions of a set of equations, expressing the percentage degenerations in synaptic profiles after different combinations in which the several pathways are interrupted by the various interferences, enabled the authors to give the following percentage numbers for afferent synapses from different sources. 32.7% of supraoptic afferents originate from the brain stem probably representing the monoaminergic innervation of this nucleus. The medial basal hypothalamus (21.0%), amygdala (13.5%), septum (13.5%), hippocampus (8.5%) and olfactory tubercle and further rostral cortical region (17.0%) are the other main sites of origin of supraoptic nucleus afferents. There are no supraoptic afferents from the optic nerve, superior cervical ganglion or fimbria hippocampi.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237352
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Choline acetyltransferase immunoreactivity is localized to four types of synapses in the rat interpenduncular nucleus (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of neurocytology 15 (1986), S. 680-680 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7381
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01611866
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The temporo-spatial course of degeneration after cutting cortico-cortical connections in adult rats (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 214 (1981), S. 303-321 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Cortico-cortical connections ; Degeneration ; Time course ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Adult albino rats received callosotomies or lesions in the paracingular cortex. Between 12 h and 3 months after injury the structure and topography of the degeneration products were studied by light- and electron-microscopy. The degeneration process was quantified by television-image analysis applied to sections prepared according to a new technique that stains reliably degenerating terminals and lysosomes (Gallyas et al. 1980). All types of cortico-cortical connections show a multiphasic degeneration process: During a precursor stage a small number of dense bodies and mitochondrial granules are stained. These and the few early degenerating axon terminals are much more diffusely distributed than the large number of terminals that degenerate during the following period. The terminal degeneration shows a biphasic time course. One maximum appears at 2–7 days post operation, which corresponds to the well known direct consequence of axotomy. The second peak at 10–20 days post operation could be caused by transneuronal reorganization of the cortical connectivity. Terminal degeneration always begins along the borders between cortical regions and areas, but it may change its laminar and columnar distribution pattern during the second phase. The degeneration products that are phagocytosed by astrocytes seem to be removed by intracellular transport to their perivascular endfeet. The degeneration process ends with fiber degeneration which, especially in laminae I and VI, may form a separate peak after 20 days or more.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00249214
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