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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isotachophoresis evaluation of synthesis of intrathecal IgG subfractions in multiple sclerosis (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 229 (1983), S. 55-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Cerebrospinal fluid ; Isotachophoresis ; IgG ; Multiple sclerosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Liquor und Serum von Patienten mit Multipler Sklerose und anderen neurologischen Erkrankungen wurden mittels Kapillar-Isotachophoresis (ITP) untersucht. Es wurde berechnet, welchen Anteil das IgG im Liquor, welcher langsam mit der ITP wanderte, ausmachte und wie seine Synthesegeschwindigkeit war. Bei den meisten Patienten mit Multipler Sklerose enthielt der Liquor einen erhöhten Anteil von langsam wandernden IgG, welches oligoclonalen Banden im hochalkalischen Bereich beim isoelectric focusing entsprach. Es wurde gefolgert, daß die Patienten mit Multipler Sklerose eine erhöhte intrathekale Synthese des langsamen IgG aufwiesen, wobei dies eng korrelierte mit dem Anteil der intrathekalen Liquor-IgG-Synthese, wie sie nach der Tourtellotteschen Formel errechnet werden kann.
    Notes: Summary Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum samples from patients with multiple sclerosis and other neurological diseases were examined by capillary isotachophoresis (ITP). The percentage and the rate of synthesis of CSF IgG which migrated slowly with ITP were calculated. CSF specimens of most patients with multiple sclerosis contained increased percentages of slowly migrating IgG (slow IgG), corresponding to IgG oligoclonal bands in the “high-alkaline” region on isoelectric focusing. The patients with multiple sclerosis were found to have increased intrathecal synthesis of slow IgG, which correlated closely with the rate of intrathecal CNS IgG synthesis calculated by Tourtellotte's formula.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00313496
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A case of myasthenia gravis associated with optic neuritis (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 231 (1984), S. 94-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Myasthenia gravis ; Optic neuritis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird ein Fall von Myasthenia gravis beschrieben bei welchem auch eine Opticusneuritis beobachtet wurde. Die akustischen evozierten Hirnstammpotentiale sowie die somatosensorischen evozierten Potentiale waren normal. Im Liquor fanden sich oligoklonale IgG-Banden. In der Subpopulation der Blutlymphocyten war eine verminderte Zahl von T-Supressorzellen vorhanden.
    Notes: Summary A case of myasthenia gravis is described in association with optic neuritis in which brain-stem auditory and somatosensory evoked potentials were normal. CSF contained alkaline oligoclonal IgG bands. Blood lymphocyte subpopulations showed a decreased number of T-suppressor cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00313724
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long-term follow-up of isolated optic neuritis: the risk of developing multiple sclerosis, its outcome, and the prognostic role of paraclinical tests (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 246 (1999), S. 770-775 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Key words Optic neuritis ; Multiple sclerosis ; Magnetic resonance ; imaging ; CSF examination ; Oligoclonal bands ; Evoked ; potentials
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We evaluated the risk of developing clinically definite multiple sclerosis (CDMS) after an acute attack of isolated optic neuritis (ON) in 112 patients, in relation to demographic and paraclinical findings. Patients were examined by brain MRI, CSF analysis, and multiple evoked potentials (EPs); 10 were lost to follow-up, and the other 102 were enrolled in a prospective study (follow-up duration 6.3 ± 2.2 years). Of these, 37 (36.3%) developed CDMS after a mean interval of 2.3 ± 1.6 years. The risk of developing CDMS was 13% after 2 years, 30% after 4, 37% after 6, and 42% after 8 and 10 years. Gender, age, and season of ON onset did not affect the risk. MS occurred in 37 of 71 patients (52.1%) with one MRI lesion or more; no patient with a normal MRI developed the disease. MS developed more frequently in patients with intrathecal IgG synthesis than in those without (43% vs. 28%), but the difference was not statistically significant. Multiple EPs showed a slight predictive value only including somatosensory EPs of the lower limb. Multiple sclerosis was mild in most cases (EDSS 2.2 ± 1.9). The EDSS was less than 4 in 32 cases (86%), between 4 and 6 in 2 (5%), higher than 6.5 in 3 (8%).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004150050453
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Erectile impotence in multiple sclerosis: a neurophysiological study (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 242 (1995), S. 123-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Multiple sclerosis ; Impotence ; Pudendal evoked potentials ; Motor evoked potentials ; Nocturnal penile tumescence test
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Pudendal evoked potentials, motor evoked potentials of the bulbocavernosus muscle to magnetic stimulation and bulbocavernosus reflex were recorded in 34 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Responses were delayed in 26, 20 and 3 cases respectively. No relationship was found between neurophysiological abnormalities and the presence or severity of erectile dysfunction, showing that these tests have little diagnostic usefulness in MS patients with impotence. Nocturnal penile tumescence was assessed in 14 cases: the test result was normal in 10 patients, including 3 severely paraplegic subjects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00936883
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Decrease of CD4+ CD45+ T-cells in chronic-progressive multiple sclerosis (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 237 (1990), S. 1-4 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Multiple sclerosis ; T-cell subsets ; Naive T-cells ; Memory T-cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Circulating lymphocyte subpopulations defined by anti-CD45 and other more common T-cell-specific monoclonal antibodies were analysed in 77 patients with multiple sclerosis and 38 healthy controls. A selective decrease of CD4+ CD45+ cell percentages and absolute numbers in chronic-progressive patients was found; in 13 out of 26 patients this subpopulation was less than 11% CD4+ CD45+ cells. Similarly, the whole CD45+ cell subset, as well as CD45+ cells expressed as percentages of CD4+ cells, were significantly reduced in chronic-progressive multiple sclerosis. CD4+ CD45+ cells, commonly termed “inducer of suppression” T-lymphocytes, did not correlate with percentages or numbers of CD8+ cells. It is concluded that suppressor inducer T-cells act on the CD8+ subset function rather than reducing CD8+ cell numbers. Since CD4+ CD45+ cells represent an early stage of lymphocyte maturation (naive T-cells), an under-representation of this subpopulation in active multiple sclerosis might reflect an increased conversion of naive cells into memory cells. This concept may be relevant for a better understanding of the disease pathogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00319659
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wolman's disease: clinical and biochemical findings of a new case (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of inherited metabolic disease 11 (1988), S. 423-424 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2665
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01800432
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two familial cases of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in Italy (1989)
    Springer
    Neurological sciences 10 (1989), S. 199-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1590-3478
    Keywords: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease ; familial occurrence ; periodic synchronous discharges
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Sommario Sono presentati due casi famigliari italiani di malattia di Creutzfeldt-Jakob. Sono descritti il quadro clinico e il decorso e viene fatta una comparazione coi dati riportati su casi famigliari in altre nazioni e coi dati concernenti casi italiani sporadici.
    Notes: Abstract Two familial Italian cases of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease are reported. Clinical picture and life history are presented and compared: 1) with the findings in familial cases reported in other countries, 2) with the findings (age at onset, disease duration) in sporadic Italian cases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02333619
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuroimmunological correlates of cognitive impairment (1998)
    Springer
    Neurological sciences 19 (1998), S. S418 
    Details
    ISSN: 1590-3478
    Keywords: Cognitive impairment ; Multiple sclerosis Neuroimmunology ; Neurotoxicity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Sommario I pochi dati disponibili circa i correaaai immunologici dei disturbi cognitivi in corso di malattie neurologiche vengono presi in rassegna al fine di delineare un razionale per eventuali indagini preliminari anche nell'ambito della sclerosi multipla. Poiché la demenza correlata all'infezione da HIV costituisce un esempio paradigmatico di deficit cognitivo immuno-mediato, vengono illustrati i mechanismi di neurodegenerazione the intervengono in tale condizione cosi come nella malattia di Alzheimer. Vengono evidenziati i ruoli della risposta immunitaria anticorpo-mediata, della microglia e di talune citochine, in particolare interleuchina-1, nel processo di neurodegenerazione da eccitotossicitd.
    Notes: Abstract The few available data on the immunological correlates of cognitive impairment occurring in neurological diseases are reviewed in order to provide a rationale for preliminary investigations in multiple sclerosis. Since HIV-correlated dementia constitutes a paradigmatic example of immune-mediated cognitive impairment, the neurodegenerative mechanisms occurring in such disease as well as in Alzheimer's disease are illustrated. The role of antibody-mediated immune responses, of microglial cells and of certain cytokines, particularly interleukin-1, in excitotoxic neural degeneration are put in evidence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00539599
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interleukin-2 receptor expression on blood monocytes of patients with multiple sclerosis (1992)
    Springer
    Neurological sciences 13 (1992), S. 657-660 
    Details
    ISSN: 1590-3478
    Keywords: Multiple sclerosis ; monocytes ; HLA-DR ; IL-2 receptor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Sommario Tramite citometria a flusso abbiamo studiato l'espressione degli antigeni HLA DR e del recettore IL-2 sui monociti (MØ) di soggetti con sclerosi multipla (SM) e soggetti di controllo sani o con altrem malattie neurologische. In tutti i gruppi la maggior parte dei MØ erano DR+, senza significative differenze. Abbiamo osservato la presenza di basse percentuali di MØ IL-2+ nei gruppi di controllo, mentre un numero limitato di pazienti con SM in fase attiva presentavano valori più elevati. Tale reperto è in accordo con analoghi studi condotti in altre malattie autoimmuni e con il riscontro di isolati macrofagi IL-2+ nelle placche di demielinizzazione. Sebbene il ruolo effettivo dei MØ IL-2+ nella risposta immunitaria sia ancora da definire, i nostri risultati suggeriscono un possibile coinvolgimento nel processo di demielinizzazione.
    Notes: Abstract We studied the expression of class II MHC product (HLA DR) and IL-2 receptor on circulating monocytes (MØ) in MS patients, neurological and healthy controls, by double color flow cytometry. In all groups most MØ were DR+ without significant differences. More interesting, low percentages of IL-2+MØ were detectable in healthy and neurological controls, whilst a few MS patients with active disease showed higher levels. This finding is in agreement with similar studies in other T-cell mediated diseases and with the report of rare IL-2+ macrophages in MS plaques. Although the actual role of IL-2+ MØ in the immune response still needs elucidation, our findings suggest their relevance to the pathological process of demyelinating disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02334969
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lymphocytoplasmapheresis in multiple sclerosis: preliminary laboratory findings (1985)
    Springer
    Neurological sciences 6 (1985), S. 85-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1590-3478
    Keywords: Plasma exchange ; lymphocytapheresis ; neuroimmunology ; cerebral evoked potentials ; multiple sclerosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Sommario Abbiamo valutato un trattamento a breve termine con linfocitoplasmaferesi in sei pazienti affetti da sclerosi multipla, con particolare attenzione ai riscontri elettrofisiologici ed immunologici. Prima e dopo il trattamento, in ogni paziente, sono stati valutati: i potenziali evocati visivi, somatosensoriali e uditivi del tronco, il flicker fusion test, il rapporto helper/suppressor dei T-linfociti circolanti, le immunoglobuline e gli immunocomplessi serici, il grado di invalidità secondo la scale di valutazione di Kurtzke. I tests adottati non hanno dimostrato variazioni significative a seguito del trattamento.
    Notes: Abstract Short-term treatment with lymphocytoplasmapheresis was evaluated in 6 multiple sclerosis patients with special reference to the electrophysiological and immunological findings. Visual, somatosensory, brainstem auditory evoked potentials, flicker fusion test, helper/suppressor blood lymphocyte ratio, serum immunocomplexes and immunoglobulins and Kurtzke scores were evaluated in each patient before and after treatment. No statistically significant results were obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02229223
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