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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gene transfer into hepatocytes using asialoglycoprotein receptor mediated endocytosis of DNA complexed with an artificial tetra-antennary galactose ligand (1992)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Bioconjugate chemistry 3 (1992), S. 533-539 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4812
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bc00018a012
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-Level Expression of Various Apolipoprotein (a) Isoforms by "Transferrinfection": The Role of Kringle IV Sequences in the Extracellular Association with Low-Density Lipoprotein (1994)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biochemistry 33 (1994), S. 12329-12339 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00206a041
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transferrinfection: A Highly Efficient Way to Express Gene Constructs in Eukaryotic Cells (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 660 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb21066.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CD44 and variants in melanocytic skin neoplasms (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of cutaneous pathology 25 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0560
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Expression of cell surface molecules that mediate cell-matrix and cell-cell interactions largely contributes to the ability of melanoma cells to migrate and spread beyond the primary site of the tumor. CD44, the principal cell-surface receptor for hyaluronate, and its numerous splice variants have been reported to play a crucial role in invasion and the metastatic process of different human neoplasms, including primary malignant melanoma (PMM). The aim of this study was to clarify which isoforms of CD44 (standard CD44 and CD44 variants) are distributed in PMM with a vertical tumor thickness of 〉1.4 mm. Staining of CD44 standard (CD44s) and splice variants was further examined for diagnostic and prognostic relevance in a panel of melanocytic skin lesions. Ten cases of PMM with Breslow 〉1.4 mm were analysed by immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies specific for CD44s and the splice variants v3, v5, v6, v7, v7-8, and v10. In addition, using anti-CD44s, v5, and v6 antibodies, 55 meianocytic lesions, including dermal nevi (n=12), Clark nevi (dysplastic nevi) (CN; n=11), melanoma in situ (Mis; n=8), PMM (n=18), and cutaneous metastasis of malignant melanoma (cM-MM; n=6) were assessed. Staining intensities were scored visually and evaluated by means of a staining index. In ten cases of PMM with a Breslow index 〉1.4 mm positive staining was ascertained for CD44s, v5 and for v6 in three cases. No staining was found for v3, v7, v7-8, and v10. Examination of CD44s, v5, and v6 in 55 melanocytic skin lesions revealed a high index for CD44s in all specimens and a weak staining of v5 in Mis; dermal nevi and CN did not stain for v5. However, in PMM and cMMM we found v5 to be strongly positive. The isoform v6 showed a variable index only in PMM, but without connection to established prognostic criteria. We conclude that CD44s and splice variants can not be regarded as indicators for tumor progression in malignant melanomas. However, v5 may potentially serve as a diagnostic marker for meianocytic skin lesions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0560.1998.tb01719.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Co-expression of cytokeratin and vimentin filaments in rete testis and epididymis (1991)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 418 (1991), S. 119-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Immunohistochemistry ; Testis ; Epididymis ; Cytoskeleton ; Embryogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In 11 testes of different developmental stages (from 10-week-old embryos to adult) the cytokeratin and vimentin expression patterns of rete testis and epididymis were investigated immunohistochemically in formaldehyde-fixed paraffin-embedded material. In addition, immunofluorescence microscopy including double immunofluorescence was performed on frozen sections of 3 of these 11 cases. Rete testis and epididymis cells displayed a heterogeneous co-expression of cytokeratin and vimentin. In double immunohistochemistry, differences in distribution of keratin and vimentin intermediate filaments with predominance of cytokeratins in the apical cytoplasmic regions and of vimentin filaments in the basal portions of the cells were found. Cytokeratin expression preceded the appearance of vimentin: cytokeratin was already detectable in 10-week-old embryos, while weak vimentin immunoreactivity was first seen in 12-week-old embryos and became conspicuous in testes around the perinatal period. In testes of children up to 2 years of age the cytoplasmic distribution of cytokeratin and vimentin was more homogeneous. Predominance of the basal cell portions for vimentin and the apical regions for cytokeratin staining were less pronounced than in adult testes. In the proximal and distal parts of the epididymis a different intermediate filament expression pattern was found with a clear predominance of cytokeratin near the rete.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01600287
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Letter to the editors (1991)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 419 (1991), S. 527-528 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01650684
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical detection of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, other cytokines and adhesion molecules in human livers with alcoholic hepatitis (1993)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 423 (1993), S. 169-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Ethanol ; Alcoholic hepatitis ; Cytokines ; Adhesion molecules ; Integrins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This immunohistochemical study was designed to investigate the possible contribution to and topographical distribution of some important cytokines, such as tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interleukins, in acute alcoholic hepatitis. The well-known inductive capacity of these cytokines with respect to the expression and/or up-regulation of adhesion molecules, such as intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 (ELAM-1), was a further point to be studied. Moreover, the proposed induction of adhesion molecules might also be associated with the activation and attraction of a special population of inflammatory cells characteristic for alcoholic hepatitis. Frozen liver samples from patients who died with signs of acute alcoholic hepatitis were evaluated using the alkaline phosphatase anti-alkaline phosphatase immunostaining technique and also single and double indirect immunofluorescence. In acute alcoholic hepatitis TNFα could be detected predominantly in ballooned hepatocytes, which often contained alcoholic hyalin (Mallory bodies). Moreover, TNFα showed a co-distribution with ICAM-1 expressed in the membranes of hepatocytes and with the occurrence of CD11b positive polymorphonuclear leukocytes (neutrophils) suggesting a possible major role of the β2-integrin Mac-1 as a ligand for ICAM-1. No induction of ELAM-1 could be found. In alcoholic hepatitis cytokines may be responsible for the induction of the adhesion molecule ICAM-1 on hepatocytic membranes and activate a defined population of inflammatory cells, thus contributing to the characteristic histological picture of acute alcoholic hepatitis with its concentration of neutrophils especially in areas with ballooned Mallory body-containing hepatocytes. Our results are in line with clinical findings showing high levels of TNFα and interleukin-1 in sera of patients with alcoholic hepatitis and with the already reported expression of ICAM-1 on hepatocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01614767
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of a second highly conserved B-type lamin present in cells previously thought to contain only a single B-type lamin (1990)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 99 (1990), S. 379-390 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Previous analyses of the nuclear lamina of mammalian cells have revealed three major protein components (lamins A, B and C) that have been identified by protein sequence homology as members of the intermediate filament (IF) protein family. It has been claimed that mammalian cells contain either all three lamins or lamin B alone. Using monoclonal antibodies specific for B-type lamins and cDNA cloning we identified a second major mammalian B-type lamin (murine lamin B2), thus showing that lamin composition in mammals is more complex than previously thought. Lamin B2 is coexpressed with lamin B1 (formerly termed lamin B) in all somatic cells and mammalian species that we analysed, including a variety of cells currently believed to contain only a single lamin. This suggests that two B-type lamins are necessary to form a functional lamina in mammalian somatic cells. By cDNA cloning we found thatXenopus laevis lamin LII is the amphibian homolog of mammalian lamin B2. Lamin expression during embryogenesis of amphibians and mammals shows striking similarities. The first lamins expressed in the early embryo are the two B-type lamins, while A-type lamins are only detected much later in development. These findings indicate that the genomic differentiation into two B-type lamins occurred early in vertebrate evolution and has been maintained in both their primary structure and pattern of expression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01726689
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soluble CD44 v5 and v6 in serum of patients with breast cancer. Correlation with expression of CD44 v5 and v6 variants in primary tumors and location of distant metastasis (1998)
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 47 (1998), S. 29-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: breast cancer ; CD44 transmembrane receptor variants ; soluble CD44 v5 and v6 ; CD44 v5 and v6 expression ; metastatic disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Primary breast cancers were shown to overexpress CD44 v5 and v6 at the plasma membrane. However, the clinical significance of this overexpression remains unclear. Overexpression of CD44 v5 and v6 in primary breast cancers was found to correlate with metastasis and poor prognosis by some investigators, yet this correlation could not be confirmed by others using different antibodies. In this study the influence of metastatic disease, the site of metastasis, and the amount of CD44 v5 and v6 expression in the primary tumor on serum levels of the soluble forms of CD44 v5 and v6 (sCD44 v5 and v6) in breast cancer patients was investigated. Soluble CD44 v5 and v6 serum levels were measured by enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay in a group of breast cancer patients who developed metastases in various organs and in another group of patients with single organ metastasis. For control, sCD44 v5 and v6 levels were measured in breast cancer patients who remained free of metastasis and in healthy blood donors. Expression of plasma membrane bound CD44 v5 and v6 in the primary tumors of the patients with metastasis in various organs was correlated to sCD44 v5 and v6 levels in serum. Furthermore the size of sCD44 v6 was analyzed by immunoblot using a monoclonal antibody directed against CD44 v6. When metastases were detected, sCD44 v5 and v6 serum levels were increased as compared to levels measured one month after tumor surgery in patients free of metastases (p = 0.0025 and p = 0.0004). Six of 19 and 6 of 20 patients had sCD44 v5 and v6 serum levels above a cut-off level of 85 and 275 ng/mL, respectively. In these cases expression of CD44 v5 and v6 in the primary cancers was also elevated. Low sCD44 v5 and v6 serum levels were associated with weak expression of CD44 v5 and v6 in the respective primary cancers. As shown by statistical analysis of sCD44 v5 and v6 levels in 57 patients with single organ metastases, elevated sCD44 v6 levels but not sCD44 v5 levels were associated with metastases in liver or bone (p = 0.0025). Immunoblot analysis of soluble CD44 proteins in serum revealed two CD44 v6 specific signals of approximately 120 and 170 kDa. Increased sCD44 v5 and v6 serum levels in patients with breast cancer were influenced by the amount of CD44 v5 and v6 expression in the primary tumor by the site of metastasis. Elevated sCD44 v6 serum levels were preferentially found in patients with metastases in liver or bone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005913514376
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