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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trace elemental analysis by heavy ion induced x-ray emission (1976)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 48 (1976), S. 2124-2129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac50008a018
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The use of focusing supermirror neutron guides to enhance cold neutron fluence rates
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Inst. and Methods in Physics Research, B 35 (1988), S. 181-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 0168-583X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0168-583X(88)90491-0
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High energy heavy-ion induced X-ray emission analysis
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Instruments and Methods 142 (1977), S. 111-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-554X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0029-554X(77)90818-7
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Single cell green algae reference materials with managed levels of heavy metals (1998)
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 360 (1998), S. 429-432 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Three batches of single cell green algal biomass have been produced as model substances for green biomass reference materials with the aim of arriving at three different concentration levels for selected heavy metals in the same matrix. The green algal biomass is produced in a water based culture medium in open and closed bioreactors. An outdoor open bioreactor technology was used to produce a batch of “natural level” algae as well as a batch with elevated levels of As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Ni, and Pb. A photoreactor constructed without metal parts and employing artificial light sources was used in a clean air environment with high purity chemicals to reduce heavy metal concentrations in the third batch of algal biomass. For the above elements, the depleted level material, with exception of Hg, showed about one order of magnitude lower concentration than the natural level, while concentrations in the enriched material were up to four orders of magnitude higher. Analysts can use these materials to sustain verification of calibration and analytical quality over the entire operational range of the analytical work.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160050729
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Certification of two human hair reference materials issued by the International Atomic Energy Agency (1998)
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 360 (1998), S. 419-422 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Two new human hair reference materials, with different levels of mercury and methylmercury, have been developed and characterized by the International Atomic Energy Agency, for use in validation of measurements for mercury exposure. The set of materials consists of IAEA-086, with a low level of methylmercury, and IAEA-085, with an elevated methylmercury level. An international intercomparison exercise was carried out, and 68 institutes from 40 countries have contributed data. Based on the evaluation of the results from the intercomparison and analyses by expert laboratories, values of 23.2 and 0.57 mg/kg total mercury are recommended for IAEA-085 and IAEA-086, respectively. Values for methylmercury are recommended at 22.9 mg/kg, MeHg as Hg, for IAEA-085, and at 0.26 mg/kg, MeHg as Hg, for IAEA-086. Recommended and information values are also given for other selected trace elements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160050726
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Survey of reference materials for trace elements, nuclides and organic microcontaminants (1998)
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 360 (1998), S. 350-353 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), in co-operation with the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), has recently prepared a survey on internationally available analytical reference materials for trace elements, nuclides and organic contaminants in biological, environmental and related matrices. The purpose is to help analysts to select reference materials for quality assurance that match as closely as possible, with respect to matrix type and concentrations of the measurands of interest, the “real” samples that are to be measured. The present version of the survey, which is available in the form of two cost-free printed volumes [1], contains over 10,000 certified and information values in 650 reference materials from 27 different producers. The 455 measurands listed include trace elements, major and minor elements, organic contaminants, organometallic compounds, radionuclides and stable isotopes. Currently, the database from which the survey has been produced is being modified and extended so as to make the data available in electronic form via the Internet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160050708
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reference materials for small-sample analysis (1998)
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 360 (1998), S. 376-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Many modern analytical techniques use small solid samples and lack proper reference materials for their calibration and quality assurance. A remedy to this deficiency may be in the development of a new genre of highly homogeneous natural matrix materials, their properties being studied with analytical techniques such as PIXE and μ-PIXE, solid sampling AAS, scanning electron microscopy in combination with electron probe X-ray microanalysis, and INAA. Suitable natural materials may be obtained in form of single cell biological materials, finely dispersed suspensions and precipitates such as air particulate matter or sediments, and by appropriate particle size reduction of complex matrices. Initial studies have been carried out on single cell green algae biomass and air particulate matter, as well as several processed materials. Narrow particle size distributions with particles preferably below 10 μm diameter may assure the desired analytical homogeneity. The determination of sampling parameters for individual measurands will ascertain the utility of a material for small-sample analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160050716
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Examination of a procedure for the production of a simulated filter-based air particulate matter reference material (1998)
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 360 (1998), S. 435-438 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract An approach for producing simulated air particulate matter (APM) deposited on filters has been developed and investigated as to its usefulness for yielding large batches of filters as a future reference material. The APM deposited on the filters was a material collected from an urban industrial area, and had been milled to approximate a material of PM-2.5 particle size distribution. The milled APM material was loaded onto filter substrates (Nuclepore) through the deposition of aliquots from a liquid suspension via vacuum filtration. It should be noted that these filters do not represent a typical PM-2.5 elemental composition, since the milling increased the proportion of crustal materials and the suspension in liquid decreased the sulfate content. Homogeneity between filters was tested using INAA (whole filter analysis) and ED-XRF and PIXE and was estimated to be in the 5% range (relative standard deviation). Homogeneity within the filters and among the filters was also tested using micro-XRF and found to be acceptable for the elements tested. The results of the tests carried out on the filters indicate that this approach is appropriate for large-scale production of similar filters for distribution as reference materials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160050731
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Basic steps towards a self-sustainable quality system and laboratory accreditation (1998)
    Springer
    Accreditation and quality assurance 3 (1998), S. 197-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0517
    Keywords: Key words Pathway ; Quality system ; Implementation ; Self-sustainable ; accreditation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract  Laboratory managers are facing the task of altering the attitudes of themselves and their employees in order to implement a quality lifestyle, which is the prerequisite for successful implementation of a quality system complying with appropriate international standards. The alterations require a painstaking and constructive approach. Not all laboratories have the resources to secure the assistance of quality consultants. For those laboratory managers who have to find their way towards quality management on their own, some recommendations are given for a path towards a self-sustaining quality system. Several practical aspects of the basic steps in this path, which starts with assessing the current status of the laboratory and is followed by awareness building, are discussed. The recommendations are derived from the experience of the authors in their own laboratories.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007690050222
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiochemical and instrumental neutron activation analysis procedures for the determination of low level trace elements in human livers (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 124 (1988), S. 47-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A comprehensive approach to the analysis of human livers was developed in a pilot program for the National Environmental Specimen Bank that employed a combination of four analytical techniques. Refinements in this approach were needed for improvement in detection limits, more effective sample usage and to reduce the number of analytical steps that were involved. Since neutron activation analysis (NAA) had determined most of the elements, expansion of NAA was chosen to achieve these goals. Modifications in the instrumental NAA procedures, including the use of a Compton Suppressor System, gave increased sensitivity for some low level elements, such as arsenic and chromium. Radiochemical procedures that followed the instrumental counts increased the sensitivity for the elements chromium, selenium, arsenic, molybdenum, silver, antimony, and tin. Results are given for two radiochemical procedures that were applied following the modified procedure, either the use of an inorganic ion exchange column or a liquid/liquid extraction, and these are compared to instrumental results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02035505
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