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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermophilic anaerobic degradation of carbohydrates - metabolic properties of microorganisms from the different phases (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 75 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Organisms that might participate in anaerobic, thermophilic degradation of carbohydrates to methane and CO2 and their metabolic properties are shortly reviewed in this paper. More than 20 thermophilic species of classical, fermentative bacteria and of archaebacterial methane bacteria from thermophilic ecosystems have been described and thermophilic acetogenic butyrate- and acetate-degrading consortia have been enriched. As shown for mesophilic degradation thermophilic sulfate reducers might also serve as potential acetogens for the degradation of organic acids and of ethanol in syntrophy with thermophilic methanogens. However, no experimental data are yet available.Pure cultures of thermophilic ‘fermentative’ bacteria can degrade a variety of different sugars and polysaccharides, irrespective of their origin, which was either sewage sludge, soil or a solfataric environment. The sewage sludge organisms Acetomicrobium flavidum and Acetothermus paucivorans fermented glucose via the EMP-pathway to 2 acetate, 2 CO2 and 4 H2. This fermentation stoichiometry is unique for pure cultures and was previously observed only in syntrophic associations of mesophiles with methanogens or sulfate reducers. Generally, the spectrum of metabolites of thermophilic fermentative isolates seems to be more restricted than that of mesophiles. All methanogenic strains were isolated from sludge or wastewater digesters except for the two Methanothermus species and the thermophilic Methanococcus species, which were from volcanic ecosystems. The substrate spectrum and the metabolism of the thermophilic methanogens did not differ from that of mesophilic representatives.In summary the scheme of Bryant [1] is also suitable for the description of the carbon flow during anaerobic carbohydrate degradation by thermophiles. The complexity of intermediates was dependent on the efficiency of interspecies H2-transfer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1990.tb04091.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A study of three anaerobic methanogenic bioreactors reveals that syntrophs are diverse and different from reference organisms (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology ecology 22 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Calibrated antibody probes for homoacetogenic, syntrophic acetogenic, and sulfate-reducing Bacteria were generated and used, along with probes for methanogenic Archaea, to elucidate the bacterial biofilm population of three fluidized bed bioreactors fed with different substrates. The new probes were for Clostridium formicoaceticum, Syntrophomonas wolfei subsp. wolfei, Syntrophospora bryantii, Syntrophococcus sucromutans strain S195, and Desulfobulbus propionicus strain 1pr3. Microscopic and electron microscopic analyses showed a complex microbial flora in the three bioreactors. This was confirmed by the antigenic fingerprinting method which showed a diversity of methanogens and syntrophs. The subpopulations that could be identified were only moderately or weakly related to reference immunotypes, and were quantitatively small. Thus, these and the major populations from the quantitative and functional standpoints, belong to as yet uncharacterized immunotypes, and possibly include new strains and species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.1997.tb00381.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mesophilic syntrophic acetate oxidation during methane formation in biogas reactors (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology ecology 29 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The reaction pathway for the formation of methane from acetate was investigated in sludge from 13 different biogas reactors. By following the conversion of [2-14C]acetate and [14C]bicarbonate it was shown that methane formation by syntrophic acetate oxidation was the dominating mechanism for acetotrophic methanogenesis in sludge containing high levels of salts, mainly ammonium, and volatile fatty acids. In one biogas reactor the degree of syntrophic acetate oxidation increased as the concentrations of salts and volatile fatty acids increased. Statistical evaluation with principal component analysis showed a close correlation between the degree of syntrophic acetate oxidation and the concentrations of ammonium and potassium. The acetate degradation rate was lower (10–800 times) in biogas reactors in which methane was formed through syntrophic acetate oxidation than in biogas reactors where acetate was directly cleaved to methane and carbon dioxide. Microscopic observations revealed a predominance of one type of methanogen in the reactors with syntrophic acetate oxidation. Isolation and characterization, including substrate spectrum, mol% G+C, polyamine and 16S rRNA analysis, showed that the strains were hydrogenotrophic methanogens belonging to the genus Methanoculleus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.1999.tb00616.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Population dynamics of biofilm development during start-up of a butyrate-degrading fluidized-bed reactor (1991)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 36 (1991), S. 404-409 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Population dynamics during start-up of a fluidized-bed reactor with butyrate or butyrate plus acetate as sole substrates as well as biofilm development on the sand substratum were studied microbiologically, immunologically and by scanning electron microscopy. An adapted syntrophic consortium consisting of Syntrophospora sp., Methanothrix soehngenii, Methanosarcina mazei and Methanobrevibacter arboriphilus or Methanogenium sp. achieved high-rate butyrate degradation to methane and carbon dioxide. Desulfovibrio sp., Methanocorpusculum sp., and Methanobacterium sp. were also present in lower numbers. Immunological analysis demonstrated methanogens antigenically related to Methanobrevibacter ruminantium M1, Methanosarcina mazei S6, M. thermophila TM1, Methanobrevibacter arboriphilus AZ and Methanothrix soehngenii Opfikon in the biofilm. Immunological analysis also showed that the organisms isolated from the butyrate-degrading culture used as a source of inoculum were related to M. soehngenii Opfikon, Methanobacterium formicicum MF and Methanospirillum hungatei JF1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00208165
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Start-up and operation of a propionate-degrading fluidized-bed reactor (1992)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 36 (1992), S. 810-816 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary A laboratory-scale fluidized-bed reactor was inoculated with a syntrophically propionate-degrading co-culture. After 24 days of batch operation with propionate and acetate in the medium, the reactor was operated for 8 months with propionate as the sole substrate. The loading rate was 8.5 kg chemical oxygen demand/m3 ·day, yielding a maximal gas production of 4.5 l/l·day at a removal efficiency of 94–99%. The degradation was not inhibited by up to 85mm propionate in pulse experiments, but short-time changes in redox potential above — 300 mV led to a drop in the propionate degradation rate. While Methanocorpusculum sp. and Methanospirillum sp. adhered to the sand in the early phase of the start-up, the consortium in the mature biofilm consisted of Desulfobulbus sp., Methanothrix soehngenii and species of at least three different genera of hydrogenotrophic methanogens. A syntrophic relationship between the sulphate-reducing Desulfobulbus sp. and hydrogenotrophic and acetotrophic methanogens is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00172200
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Methanogenium liminatans spec. nov., a new coccoid, mesophilic methanogen able to oxidize secondary alcohols (1990)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 153 (1990), S. 287-293 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Methanogens ; Methanogenium liminatans spec. nov. ; 2-Propanol ; 2-Butanol ; Cyclopentanol ; S-layer ; Glycoprotein ; Polar lipids ; Polyamines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A new mesophilic, coccoid methanogen, assigned as Methanogenium liminatans spec. nov. strain DSM 4140, was isolated from effluent of a reactor for the anaerobic treatment of industrial waste water. Cells of M. Liminatans formed irregular cocci, about 1.5 μm in size, and occurred singly. The cell envelope was an S-layer with hexagonally arranged glycoprotein subunits (Mr=118000). The center-to-center spacings were 15.4 nm. The polar lipid pattern was similar to that of Methanogenium tationis, the polyamine content similar to that found in several Methanogenium species. Strain DSM 4140 grew with H2/CO2, formate, 2-propanol/CO2, 2-butanol/CO2 and cyclopentanol/CO2. For growth with the different substrates acetate was required as an additional carbon source. Growth on H2/CO2 was stimulated by the addition of tungstate. The optimal concentration was 1–2 μM Na2WO4. 185WO inf4 sup2- was incorporated into cells. Growth was not influenced by 0–600 mM NaCl, but no growth occurred in the presence of ≥800 mM NaCl. Increasing concentrations of KCl up to 100 mM were slightly inhibitory for growth. The optimal growth temperature was around 40°C. The G+C content of the DNA was 59.3 mol% (Tm) or 60.5 mol% (HPLC).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00249084
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Caldopentamine and caldohexamine in cells of Thermotoga species, a possible adaptation to the growth at high temperatures (1993)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 159 (1993), S. 472-476 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Thermophilic growth ; Thermotoga spec. ; Polyamines ; Caldopentamine ; Caldohexamine ; Bacterial phylogeny
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Cells of the extremely thermophilic, strictly anaerobic Thermotoga maritima strain MSB8 (DSM 3109) and of the newly isolated Thermotoga spec. strain ZB (DSM 4138) grown on glucose at 78°C contained the long-chain polyamines caldopentamine and caldohexamine. Additional unidentified long-chain polyamines were present in small amounts. After increasing the growth temperature from the lower to the upper limit (50–85°C), the proportions of long-chain polyamines present in cells of Thermotoga spec. strain ZB increased both in total amounts, as well as in increasing chain-length, suggesting a significant role in adaptation to thermophilic growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00288596
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Start-up and operation of a fluidized-bed reactor oxidizing butyrate by a defined syntrophic population (1991)
    Springer
    Biotechnology letters 13 (1991), S. 687-691 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6776
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Start-up and operation of a fluidized-bed reactor were investigated with butyrate or butyrate plus acetate as sole substrates. Start-up could be enhanced by increasing the amount of inoculum and by providing balanced substrate concentrations in a wellbuffered synthetic wastewater. High-rate degradation of butyrate to methane and carbon dioxide was achieved with a maximum organic loading rate (OLR) of 34.5 kg chemical oxygen demand (COD)/m3·d at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 0.47 d and with a COD removal efficiency of 87%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01086328
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scanning electron microscopy of biofilm development in anaerobic fixed-bed reactors: Influence of the inoculum (1994)
    Springer
    Biotechnology letters 16 (1994), S. 315-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6776
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Scanning electron microscopy was applied to evaluate the influence of inoculum on efficiency of initial biofilm formation and reactor performance. Five anaerobic fixed-bed reactors were inoculated with anaerobic sludges from different sources and operated in parallel under identical conditions with defined wastewater and acetate, propionate and butyrate as constituents In all sludges Methanothrix sp. was the predominant acetotroph. The reactors inoculated with anaerobic sludge adapted to the wastewater achieved the highest space loading with 21.0 g COD/l·d after 58 days. The inoculation with granular sludge from an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor resulted in significantly less reactor efficiency. Time course of biofilm formation and biofilm thickness (ranging from 20–200 μm) depended on the type of inoculum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00134632
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anaerobe Reinigung von Abwässern in Fließbettreaktoren (1992)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 64 (1992), S. 556-558 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330640618
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