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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bending of N-isopropylacrylamide gel under the influence of infrared light (1995)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 102 (1995), S. 551-555 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A CO2 infrared laser has been used to irradiate a straight cylindrical N-isopropylacrylamide gel. It is found that the infrared laser not only induces the volume phase transition in the gel, but also causes the gel to bend toward the laser beam. When the laser is blocked, the gel becomes straight again. The transition between the straight and the bending gel is fully reversible. The maximum bending strain of the gel is comparable to that obtained for poly(vinyl alcohol)–poly(sodium acrylate) copolymer gel under the influence of an electric field. The bending effect has been systematically studied as a function of CO2 laser power, time, and the sample cell temperature. The relaxation behavior for the gel restoring its original shape after blocking the infrared irradiation follows an exponential form. It is suggested that the bending effect is caused by a temperature gradient which produces an osmotic pressure difference between the front surface area of the gel and the remainder of the gel. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.469434
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bending of bi-gels (1996)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 105 (1996), S. 3794-3800 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The bending of bi-gels has been studied as a function of temperature, acetone concentration, and NaCl concentration. The bi-gels consist of acrylamide on one side, and the interpenetrating polymer networks of acrylamide and N-isopropylacrylamide on the other side. The maximum bending strain achieved by the bi-gel is about 0.85. The bending mechanism of the bi-gels reported here is due to the engineered structure heterogeneity, in contrast with previous homogeneous gel bending which is induced by external gradient fields. The kinetic behavior of the bi-gel is discussed. A theoretical model is used to estimate the collective diffusion coefficient Dc of the IPN side of the bi-gels in pure water and in salt solution. The results agree with those obtained by the light-scattering method. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.472200
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystallization behavior of poly(propylene)/polyamide 1010 blends using poly(propylene)-graft-glycidyl methacrylate as compatibilizer (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 248 (1997), S. 189-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Blends aus Polyamid 1010 (PA 1010) und Polypropylen(PP) wurden mit oder ohne Zusatz von Polypropylen-Glycidylmethacrylat-Pfropfcopolymeren (PP-g-GMA) untersucht. Der Einfluß dieses Verträglichkeitsvermittlers auf die thermischen Eigenschaften und das Kristallisationsverhalten der Blends wurde mit Differentialkalorimetrie und Weitwinkel-Röntgenbeugung ermittelt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß die Kristallisation von PA 1010 durch PP-g-GMA merklich beeinflußt wird. PP/PA 1010 (75/25)-Blends mit höheren PP-g-GMA-Gehalten weisen eine konkurrierende Kristallisation der Phasen bei der Kristallisationstemperatur des Polypropylens auf. Die Kinetik der isothermen Kristallisation wurde untersucht, um den Einfluß der Verträglichkeitsvermittlung auf die Keimbildung und den Mechanismus des Keimwachstums zu beurteilen. In PP/PA 1010 (25/75)-Blends wurde trotz hoher PP-g-GMA-Gehalte keine konkurrierende Kristallisation beobachtet.
    Notes: Polyamide 1010/poly(propylene) (PA1010/PP) blends were investigated with and without the addition of poly(propylene)-graft-glycidyl methacrylate (PP-g-GMA). The effect of the compatibilizer on the thermal properties and crystallization behavior was determined by differential scanning calorimetry and wide-angle X-ray diffraction. From the results it is found that the crystallization of PA 1010 is significantly affected by the presence of PP-g-GMA. PP/PA 1010 (75/25) blends containing higher amounts of PP-g-GMA show concurrent crystallization at the crystallization temperature of PP. Isothermal crystallization kinetics also were performed in order to investigate the influence of the compatibilized process on the nucleation and growth mechanism. In the PP/PA 1010 (25/75) blends, concurrent crystallization behavior was not observed, even though the amount of PP-g-GMA was high.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1997.052480112
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The characterization of the interfacial reaction in polyamide 1010/poly(propylene)-graft-(glycidyl methacrylate) blends (1998)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 199 (1998), S. 2631-2634 
    Details
    ISSN: 1022-1352
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Binary blends of polyamide 1010/poly(propylene) and polyamide 1010 (PA1010)/poly(propylene)-graft-(glycidyl methacrylate) (PP-g-GMA) were prepared. The epoxy groups in PP-g-GMA react with the amino end-groups in PA1010, thus a PA1010-graft-PP copolymer is formed and acts as a compatibilizer between PA1010 and PP-g-GMA. The reaction was confirmed by electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) and attenuated total reflection (ATR)-FTIR spectroscopic analysis, and also evaluated by the stability of the suspension obtained by dissolving the blends in formic acid and by the morphologies of the blends.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interfacial tension measurement with the neumann triangle method (1998)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Rapid Communications 19 (1998), S. 499-504 
    Details
    ISSN: 1022-1336
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The interfacial tensions between polystyrene (PS) and poly(butylene terephthalate)System. name: poly(tetramethylene terephthalate). (PBT), PS/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), and PBT/PMMA pairs have been obtained by employing the Neumann Triangle method (NT). The results are in good agreement with those obtained by the breaking thread method. For the first time, the NT method was applied to a reactive polymer pair with an in-situ compatibilizer to measure the interfacial tension. We found that the interfacial tension of the PS/PBT system with a small amount of poly(styrene-co-glycidyl methacrylate)System. name of glycidyl: 2,3-epoxypropyl. (PS-GMA) is significantly reduced compared to that without PS-GMA.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The phase inversion and morphology of nylon 1010/polypropylene blends (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 62 (1996), S. 893-901 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Noncompatibilized and compatibilized blends of nylon 1010/PP blends having five different viscosity ratios were prepared by melt extrusion. Glycidyl methacrylate-grafted-polypro-pylene (PP-g-GMA) was used as the compatibilizer to enbance the adhesion between the two polymers and to stabilize the blend morphology. The effect of the viscosity ratio on the morphology of nylon 1010/polypropylene blends was investigated, with primary attention to the phase-inversion behavior and the average particle size of the dispersed phase. The relationship between the mechanical properties and the phase-inversion composition was investigated as well. Investigation of the morphology of the blends by microscopy indicated that the smaller the viscosity ratio (ηpp/ηpa) the smaller was the polypropylene concentration at which the phase inversion took place and polypropylene became the continuous phase. The compatibilizer induced a sharp reduction of particle size, but did not have a major effect on the phase-inversion point. An improvement in the mechanical properties was found when nylon 1010 provided the matrix phase. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal analysis of ethylene-propylene copolymer-grafted-glycidyl methacrylate (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 62 (1996), S. 1933-1939 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The thermal properties of ethylene-propylene copolymer grafted with glycidyl methacrylate (EP-g-GMA) were investigated by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Compared to the plain ethylene-propylene copolymer (EP), peak values of melting temperature (Tm) of the propylene sequences in the grafted EP changed a little, crystallization temperature (Tc) increased about 8-12°C, and melting enthalpy (ΔHm) increased about 4-6 J/g. The isothermal and nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of grafted and ungrafted samples was carried out by DSC. Within the scope of the researched crystallization temperature, the Avrami exponent (n) of ungrafted sample is 1.6-1.8, and those of grafted samples are all above 2. The crystallization rates of propylene sequence in EP-g-GMA were faster than that in the plain EP and increased with increasing of grafted monomer content. It might be attributed to the results of rapid nucleation rate. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Grafting of glycidyl methacrylate onto ethylene-propylene copolymer: Preparation and characterization (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 61 (1996), S. 2253-2257 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Ethylene-propylene copolymer (EP) was functionalized with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) by means of a radical-initiated melt grafting reaction. FTIR and ESCA were used to characterize the formation of EP-g-GMA copolymers. The content of GMA in EP-g-GMA was determined by using hydrochloric acid/xylene titration. Effects of concentrations of GMA and dicumyl peroxide on grafting rate were studied. It was found that contact angles of the water on surfaces of EP-g-GMA samples increased with increasing content of GMA in EP-g-GMA. The influence of the content of GMA on the crystallization structure of EP-g-GMA was investigated by DSC and WAXD. Compared with the plain EP, the crystallization temperature of propylene blocks of EP-g-GMA increased over 10 K, and the melting temperature and crystallinity decreased somewhat. Functionalization of EP led to the change of the crystal form of propylene blocks from the mixed form of α and β into the α form. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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