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  • 1
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-03-09
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: article , doc-type:article
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 9399-9401 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Three kinds of textures, i.e., (200), (111), and (220) of TiN films prepared by filtered arc deposition have been continuously observed with varying film thickness and bombarding energy of the deposited particles. The evolution of the texture from (200) to (111), then to (220) is discussed on the basis of the so-called overall energy which consists of the surface energy, the strain energy, and the stopping energy of the films. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 3965-3970 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The magnetic properties of [Fe(20 A(ring))/Pd(x A(ring))]25 multilayers prepared by ultrahigh vacuum electron-beam evaporation are presented. It is found that the crystal structure of Fe layers change from bcc to fcc when the thickness of Pd layers dPd≥36 A(ring). The saturation magnetization per unit Fe volume at 5 K is enhanced and oscillates with the increment of the thickness of Pd layers, due to the polarization of Pd atoms. The magnetic hysteresis loops of samples indicate low coercive forces, and ferromagnetic coupling between the Fe layers for all Pd thicknesses (6–60 A(ring)). The conversion electron Mössbauer spectra measurements proved that the magnetic moment of fcc Fe is the same as that of the bcc Fe. It is also found that the magnetic anisotropy dependence on dPd is similar to that of the saturation magnetization, and relates to the Fe layer structure transition. The Curie temperature of Fe/Pd multilayers decreases monotonously with the increasing of dPd. The low temperature magnetization measurement of Fe/Pd multilayers suggests that the interlayer coupling between Fe layers and polarization of Pd layers influences the temperature dependence of saturation magnetization. No evidence of antiferromagnetic coupling between Fe layers and giant magnetoresistance effect is found. The relationship among structure, polarization of Pd layers, and magnetic coupling is discussed. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 3181-3187 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The aging characteristics of the electrostrictive lead magnesium niobate–lead titanate [(1−x)PMN–xPT] under dc bias field were investigated. It was observed that the amount of aging increases with the PT content for the compositions investigated (x≤0.3). For a fixed composition, the aging rate rises with temperature. It was shown that the aging follows a stretched exponential time law, which is typical for the time-dependent behavior in polar glass and random field systems. In PMN–PT, the dielectric constant shows a much weaker aging than the piezoelectric coefficient, reflecting the importance of the stress coupling of the defect field to the micropolar region during the aging since the polar vector of the microregions can have both 180° and non-180° reorientations while only the non-180° reorientation contributes to the observed piezoelectric effect. Experimental results also reveal that the defect field developed during the aging in these materials under dc bias field is quite different from those in normal ferroelectrics and in Mn-doped PMN and 0.9 PMN–0.1PT. The direction of the defect electric field is opposite to the direction of the original dc bias field, indicating that the defect field is the result of a direct coupling to the external bias field rather than induced by the polar domains. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 2549-2555 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The electromechanical and dielectric responses of ferroelectric materials near paraelectric–ferroelectric (PF) phase transitions are examined both experimentally and theoretically. It is shown that the type of PF transition, i.e., first order and continuous transitions, and diffused phase transition found in relaxor ferroelectrics, has marked effect on the electromechanical and dielectric response behavior for materials under electric field bias. It is demonstrated that an exceptionally large piezoelectric and electromechanical response can be achieved in materials with a first order PF transition. For example, in Ba1−xSrxTiO3 (x∼0.35) ceramics at room temperature, a piezoelectric d33 larger than 1500 pm/V with very little frequency dispersion can be obtained. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 4918-4920 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Magnetic granular CoCu alloy ribbons were prepared by the melt-spun method, and the structural, magnetotransport, magnetic properties, and the effects of annealing on these properties were studied by x-ray diffraction, vibrating sample magnetometer, and magnetoresistance (MR) measurements at room temperature. Giant magnetoresistance was observed over a broad range of Co concentrations with a maximum MR ratio of 7.8% (at x=0.20 and 500 °C annealing) under a magnetic field of 20 kOe at room temperature. It is found that the relationship between MR and magnetic field H depended strongly on the annealing temperature and a linear MR-H relation could be obtained at an optimum annealing condition. The MR ratio did not depend on the direction between H and electric current I. These features are very suitable for making isotropic magnetic field transducers.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The effects of magnetoannealing on the giant magnetoresistance (GMR) in FexAg100−x granular films (X=15, 26, 29, 33, 37, and 60) were investigated. The thin films were annealed in a presence of magnetic field of 3 kOe at different temperatures of 300, 400, and 500 °C using various annealing times. It is found that the anisotropic GMR characteristics were developed when Fe-Ag granular thin films were annealed in the presence of a magnetic field. The anisotropic GMR characteristics of the thin films were closely related to the magnetic anisotropy developed along the field direction during magnetoannealing.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 6900-6902 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The causes of the coercivity enhancement and the coercivity instability of acicular cobalt ferrite particles containing 0–9.2 wt % Fe2+ ions under the influence of magnetic field and temperature were investigated by means of transverse magnetic field annealing, torque, and Mössbauer experiments. The coercivity enhancement and the instability of Co modified iron oxide particles are closely related to the uniaxial magnetic anisotropy. A Fe2+-CO2+ pair model was proposed to explain the uniaxial magnetic anisotropy of Co modified iron particles. To verify the nature of the Fe2+-Co2+ pair, the probability of one or more Co ions appearing in the neighborhood of a B site Fe2+ ion was calculated using the chemical composition, the Mössbauer parameters, Pi(Fe+2) and Pi(Fe+3) and discussed conditions for forming the pair between the nearest-neighbor Co2+ and Fe2+ ion.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: We present studies on both the electronic and magnetic properties of LaCo13 and La(FexAl1−x)13 intermetallic compounds by cluster model calculations within the scheme of density-functional theory. The equilibrium structures of the isolated and embedded clusters, obtained by minimizing the total binding energy, are in good agreement with available experimental data and other theoretical results. The relative stability and formation of LaCo13 and La(FexAl1−x)13 phases have been successfully explained. Interesting changes of magnetic properties in an Al doped Fe13 cluster have been obtained. The possible effect of Al on the magnetic phase diagram of La(FexAl1−x)13 is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 199-206 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The formation of high-resistivity regions in Si-doped (n=1×1018 cm−3) lattice-matched In0.75Ga0.25As0.54P0.46 on InP by nitrogen and boron ion irradiations at 300 K, and by helium ion bombardment at 80, 300, and 523 K has been investigated as function of ion dose (1×1012–1×1016 cm−2) and subsequent anneal temperature (70–650 °C) by sheet resistance and Hall effect measurements. The dose dependence of the sheet resistance shows two regions for all cases considered: (I) for lower doses in which the sheet resistance (resistivity) increases up to a maximum of about 6×106 Ω/(D'Alembertian) (180 Ω cm), and (II) for higher doses in which the sheet resistance decreases with dose. Temperature dependent Hall measurements for materials in region (I) show thermally activated carrier densities with activation energies between 0.21 and 0.29 eV. The temperature dependence of the sheet resistance in region (II), on the other hand, is consistent with the assumption of a hopping conductivity. Varying the substrate temperature during the irradiations yields no measurable effects for samples implanted in region (I). For the case of He+ bombardments at 523 K, higher sheet resistances are obtained in region (II) as compared to samples irradiated at lower temperatures. For the case of He+ at 80 K and N+ at 300 K a third region (III) is observed for doses higher than 7 and 2×1014 cm−2, respectively, in which a renewed increase in the sheet resistance with increasing dose is detected. Rutherford backscattering-channeling results suggest that this behavior is related to the creation of an amorphouslike region in the InGaAsP layer. Annealing of samples amorphized by He+ at 80 K yields higher resistivities (up to a factor of 6×105 relative to that of the unimplanted material), and improved stability of the high resistivity as compared to the other implantation schedules investigated.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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