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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Eukaryotic Traits in Archaebacteria (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 503 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1987.tb40599.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Viruses, plasmids and other genetic elements of thermophilic and hyperthermophilic Archaea (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology reviews 18 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6976
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract: We review and update the work on genetic elements, e.g., viruses and plasmids (excluding IS elements and transposons) in the kingdom Crenarchaeota (Thermoproteales and Sulfolobales) and the orders Thermococcales and Thermoplasmales in the kingdom Euryachaeota of the archael domain, including unpublished data from our laboratory. The viruses of Crenarchaeota represent four novel virus families. The Fuselloviridae represented by SSV1 of S. shibatae and relatives in other Sulfolobus strains have the form of a failed spindle. The envelope is highly hydrophobic. The DNA is double-stranded and circular. Members of this group have also been found in Methanococcus and Haloarcula. The Lipothrixviridae (e.g., T TV1 to 3) have the form of flexible filaments. They have a core containing linear double-stranded DNA and DNA-binding proteins which is wrapped into a lipid membrane. The ‘Bacilloviridae’ (e.g., TTV4 and SIRV) are stiff rods lacking this membrane, but also featuring linear double-stranded DNA and DNA-binding proteins. Both virus type carry on both ends structures involved in the attachment to receptors. Both types are represented in Thermoproteus and Sulfolobus. The droplet-formed novel Sulfolobus virus SNDV represents the ‘Guttaviridae’ containing circular double-stranded DNA. Though head and tail viruses distantly resembling T phages or lambdoid phages were seen electronmicroscopically in solfataric water samples, no such virus has so far been isolated. SSV1 is temperate, TTV1 causes lysis after induction, the other viruses found so far exist in carrier states. The hosts of all but TTV1 survive virus production. We discuss the implications of the nature of these viruses for understanding virus evolution. The plasmids found so far range in size from 4.5 kb to about 40 kb. Most of them occur in high copy number, probably due to the way of their detection. Most are cryptic, pNOB8 is conjugative, the widespread pDL10 alleviates in an unknown way autotrophic growth of its host Desulfurolobus by sulfur reduction. The plasmid pTIK4 appears to encode a killer function. pNOB8 has been used as a vector for the transfer of the lac S (β-galactosidase) gene into a mutant of S. solfataricus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6976.1996.tb00239.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The genetic element pSSVx of the extremely thermophilic crenarchaeon Sulfolobus is a hybrid between a plasmid and a virus (1999)
    Oxford BSL : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 34 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A new Sulfolobus islandicus strain, REY15/4, harboured both a novel fusellovirus, SSV2, and a small plasmid, pSSVx. The plasmid spread in S. solfataricus P1 together with the virus after infection with either the supernatant of a culture of REY15/4 or purified virus. Spreading of the plasmid required co-transfection with either SSV2 or the related SSV1 as helpers. Virus purified from REY15/4 constituted a mixture of two sizes of particles, one with the dimensions of a normal fusellovirus and the other smaller. Cloned SSV2 produced only the larger particles and only SSV2 DNA, indicating that the smaller particles contained pSSVx packaged into capsids made up of SSV2 components. The 5.7 kb genome of pSSVx revealed regions of high sequence similarity to the cryptic Sulfolobales plasmids pRN1, pRN2 and pDL10. Thus, pSSVx belongs to the family of pRN plasmids that share a highly conserved region, which probably constitutes the minimal replicon. They also contain a variable region showing no sequence similarity. In pSSVx, this region contains three open reading frames (ORFs), two of which are juxtapositioned and show high sequence similarity to a tandem of ORFs in fusellovirus genomes. Neither pRN1 nor pRN2, which lack this tandem, spread in the presence of the fuselloviruses, which implies that the sequences of these ORFs enable pSSVx to use the packaging system of the viral helpers for spreading.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.1999.01573.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antisense RNA mediates transcriptional processing in an archaebacterium, indicating a novel kind of RNase activity (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 7 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Strains of the extremely halophilic archaebacterium Halobacterium salinarium that are lysogenic for the phage φH produce an antisense RNA transcript complementary to the first 151 nucleotides (nt) of the early lytic phage transcript T1. This is the first case of antisense control of gene expression in an archaebacterium. We show through transformation of H. salinarium that the antisense RNA functions in trans, rendering the early lytic phage transcript T1 susceptible to specific cleavage by an unidentified RNase of unique endonucleolytic activity. The single-stranded ends of RNA are cut off at the ends of the 151 nt RNA duplex, removing the ribosomal binding sites from the first open reading frame of transcript T1 but without concominant digestion of the products.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1993.tb01178.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transformation of the extremely thermoacidophilic archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus via a self-spreading vector (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 137 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We describe a transformation system for extremely thermophilic archaea of the genus Sulfolobus in the kingdom Crenarchaeota. We have constructed in vitro a recombinant derivative of the recently described conjugative plasmid pNOB8, containing a β-galactosidase gene downstream of a strong promotor. Transformation of a β-galactosidase negative mutant of Sulfolobus solfataricus with this construct resulted in its spreading through the culture containing the primary transformants and in efficient restoration of β-galactosidase activity
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1996.tb08078.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface structure variants in different species of Sulfolobus (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 43 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The regularly arrayed surface proteins of 5 species or isolates, all belonging to the Sulfolobales, were investigated in situ by freeze-etching. Surface relief reconstructions reveal a species specificity of the surface protein on the level of the domain structure which correlates well with the phylogenetic status.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1987.tb02167.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Taxonomic relations between archaebacteria including 6 novel genera examined by cross hybridization of DNAs and 16S rRNAs (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 18 (1982), S. 109-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Archaebacteria ; Taxonomy ; Evolution ; DNA ; 16S rRNA ; Hybridization ; Phylogeny ; Thermoproteales
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary DNAs from 16 species of archaebacteria including 6 novel isolates were hybridized with 16S rRNAs from 7 species representing different orders or groups of the urkingdom of archaebacteria. The yields, normalized for the number of genes perµg of DNA, and the temperature stabilities of all hybrids were determined and related to each other. A taxonomic tree constructed from such fractional stability data reveals the same major divisions as that derived from comparative cataloging of 16S rRNA sequences. The extreme halophiles appear however as a distinct order besides the three known divisions of methanogens. The methanogens, the halophiles andThermoplasma form one of two clearly recognizable branches of the archaebacterial urkingdom. The order represented bySulfolobus and the related novel orderThermoproteales form the other branch. Three novel genera,Thermoproteus, Desulfurococcus and the “stiff filaments” represent three families of this order. The extremely thermophilic methanogenMethanothermus fervidus belongs to theMethanobacteriales. SN1, a methanogen from Italy, appears as another species of the genusMethanococcus. Another novel methanogen, M3, represents a genus or family of the orderMethanomicrobiales.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01810829
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DNA-dependent RNA polymerase subunit B as a tool for phylogenetic reconstructions: Branching topology of the archaeal domain (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 38 (1994), S. 420-432 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: DNA-dependent RNA polymerase ; Archaea (Archaeobacteria) ; Phylogeny ; Sequence comparison ; Effective values ; Codon position inequality ; Branching topology ; Decision matrix ; Statistical testing ; Molecular evolutionary clock
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The branching topology of the archaeal (archaebacterial) domain was inferred from sequence comparisons of the largest subunit (B) of DNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RNAP). Both the nucleic acid sequences of the genes coding for RNAP subunit B and the amino acid sequences of the derived gene products were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. Individual analysis of the three nucleotide positions of codons revealed significant inequalities with respect to guanosine and cytosine (GC) content and evolutionary rates. Only the nucleotides at the second codon positions were found to be unbiased by varied GC contents and sufficiently conserved for reliable phylogenetic reconstructions. A decision matrix was used for the combination of the results of distance matrix, maximum parsimony, and maximum likelihood methods. For this purpose the original results (sums of squares, steps, and logarithms of likelihoods) were transformed into comparable effective values and analyzed with methods known from the theory of statistical decisions. Phylogenetic invariants and statistical analysis with resampling techniques (bootstrap and jackknife) confirmed the preferred branching topology, which is significantly different from the topology known from phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA sequences. The preferred topology reconstructed by this analysis shows a common stem for the Methanococcales and Methanobacteriales and a separation of the thermophilic sulfur archaea from the methanogens and halophiles. The latter coincides with a unique phylogenetic location of a characteristic splitting event replacing the largest RNAP subunit of thermophilic sulfur archaea by two fragments in methanogens and halophiles. This topology is in good agreement with physiological and structural differences between the various archaea and demonstrates RNAP to be a suitable phylogenetic marker molecule.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00163158
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    RNA Polymerase of Aquifex pyrophilus: Implications for the Evolution of the Bacterial rpoBC Operon and Extremely Thermophilic Bacteria (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 48 (1999), S. 528-541 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Key words: DNA-directed RNA polymerase —rpoBC operon — Extreme thermophiles —Aquifex pyrophilus—Thermotoga maritima—Mycoplasmatales— Molecular evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. A 16,226-bp fragment from the genome of Aquifex pyrophilus was sequenced, containing the genes for ribosomal proteins L1, L10, and L7/12 (rplAJL), DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunits β and β′(rpoBC), alanyl-tRNA synthetase (alaS), and subunit A of proteinase Clp (clpA). Enzymatic activity and extreme thermostability of purified A. pyrophilus RNA polymerase were verified. Transcription initiation on a DNA construct harboring the T7 A1 promoter was demonstrated by elongation of a 32P-labeled trinucleotide. Phylogenetic analyses of the two largest subunits of bacterial RNA polymerases (β and β′) showed overall consistency with the 16S rRNA-based phylogeny, except for the positions of the hyperthermophiles A. pyrophilus and Thermotoga maritima and for the location of the root of the domain Bacteria. In the phylogenies for both RNA polymerase subunits β and β′, A. pyrophilus was placed within the Gram-negative bacteria below the ε subdivision of the Proteobacteria. No support was found for the 16S rRNA-based hypothesis that A. pyrophilus might be the deepest branch of the Bacteria, but the cell wall–less mycoplasmas were found with a high confidence at the root of the Bacteria phylogenies. This raised doubts not only about whether the original Bacteria were indeed like the hyperthermophiles, but also concerning the value of single-gene phylogenies for hypotheses about the evolution of organisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00006496
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Archaebacterial status quo is defended (1986)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 320 (1986), S. 220-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR-In the interest of the young progressive field of molecular phylogeny the debate between Lake and the "orthodoxy of archaebacteria" should be reduced to its factual basis. Lake et al. claim (1) that the urkingdom of the archaebacteria1"3 be divided into two distinct urkingdoms - the "eocytes", ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/320220a0
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