Library

feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 10 (1998), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Injury of a peripheral nerve gives rise to adaptive functional and structural alterations in spinal neurons. We report that the rearrangement of the spinal circuitry in response to sciatic nerve transection in adult rats involves a delayed mode of degeneration of lumbar spinal cord neurons. Nuclear fragmentation was detected by the TUNEL technique 7 days after sciatic neurectomy but not after 3 or 14 days. Dying cells were preferentially located in the ipsilateral superficial dorsal horn and expressed the neuronal cytoskeletal marker SMI-31. Degeneration was prevented by continous systemic treatment with the NMDA receptor-antagonist MK-801. These data are supportive that apoptosis is induced in spinal neurons in a transsynaptic manner by an early signal from injured afferent fibres via activation of spinal NMDA receptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 6 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Bcl-2 and Bax have recently been identified as putative repressor and effector proteins respectively, in the cell death program of growth factor-deprived haematopoietic cell lines. Overexpression of bcl-2 in neuronal cell culture prevents apoptosis induced by removal of neurotrophic factors. In the present in vivo study the expression of bcl-2 and bax mRNA has been investigated in dorsal root ganglia of young and adult rats using polymerase chain reaction. A high constitutive expression was observed for both genes in control ganglia. Unilateral transection of the sciatic nerve led to a dramatic decrease in bcl-2 mRNA levels in ganglia of young animals within 5 days following nerve lesion and a partial recovery thereafter. In contrast, the decline in bcl-2 mRNA was much less pronounced in axotomized ganglia of adults. The amount of bax transcripts did not change significantly in ganglia of both young and adult rats up to 20 days after nerve injury. The decrease in bcl-2 expression in dorsal root ganglia may be part of the molecular mechanism leading to neuronal cell death after axotomy-induced deprivation of neurotrophic factors. The age-dependent decline in the ratio of bcl-2 to bax gene products may explain the greater susceptibility of immature neurons to apoptosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 7 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The possible involvement of substance P released from primary afferents in rat skin was investigated in cutaneous inflammation following ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. Recordings from c-fibres innervating the UV-exposed hindpaw skin showed long-lasting low-frequency (0.8–1.25 Hz) spontaneous activity. Spontaneously active c-fibres increased to constitute 35.3% of the total population 72 h after UV exposure. Immunohisto-chemical analysis of substance P-containing nerve fibres in hindpaw skin revealed a significant increase in substance P immunoreactivity 24 h after UV irradiation. Average length of substance P-immunolabelled nerve fibres was about two times higher in UV-exposed compared to control skin. UV-induced oedema was investigated in rat ears using an ear-swelling test. Intradermal injection of either peptide (Spantide) or non-peptide (CP-96,345) substance P antagonists and epicutaneous application of CP-96,345 reduced UV-induced oedema significantly in the late phase of sunburn (〉12 h after UV exposure). The UV-induced increase in skin blood flow was investigated in hindpaw skin up to 72 h by the laser Doppler technique. Epicutaneous application of CP-96,345 reduced erythema significantly between 12 and 72 h after UV exposure. Thus, our findings suggest the involvement of neurogenic substance P as a proinflammatory mediator in the late phase of UV-induced cutaneous inflammation in rats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 73 (1994), S. 1-9 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Carabidae ; augmentation ; habitat-management ; cereal field ; diversity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In 1990 and 1991, we monitored the abundance of a carabid community in a 8 ha winter cereal field. The field was subdivided by five 1.5 m wide weed-strips leaving 12, 24 and 36 m between the strips. In 1990 significantly higher activity densities and number of species were found in the strips. In 1991, however, both number of species and activity densities of ground beetles in the weed-strips and the cereal parts in between were similar. In 1991, activity density in cereal parts between weed-strips was significantly higher than in a bordering control area. Most of the activity densities of all 23 abundant species were significantly higher in the strip-managed area than in the control area. Furthermore, the number of species in the strip-managed area was higher. In addition, most sampling dates (1990 and 1991) revealed a significant negative regression between activity density and distance from the first strip, i.e. width of the cereal parts between the strips. Strip-management seems to be a way to increase ground beetle densities considerably by providing better food supplies and more suitable overwintering sites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 258 (1967), S. 69-82 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Diazepam ; Spinal Cord ; Presynaptic Inhibition ; Postsynaptic Inhibition ; Flexor Reflex ; Diazepam ; Rückenmark ; Präsynaptische Hemmung ; Postsynaptische Hemmung ; Flexorreflex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung An spinalisierten und mit Nembutal narkotisierten Katzen wurde die Wirkung von Diazepam (Valium „Roche“) auf die Amplitude monound polysynaptischer Reflexpotentiale, auf prä- und postsynaptische Hemmung und auf das „dorsal root potential“ (DRP) untersucht. Mono- bzw. polysynaptische Reflexe, die nach Reizung von Muskel- bzw. Hautnerven der Hinterextremität von Vorderwurzeln abgeleitet wurden, konnten durch i. v. Injektion von Diazepam verkleinert, aber nicht zum Verschwinden gebracht werden. Wie für alle anderen Meßgrößen dieser Untersuchung lag die Schwellendosis bei 0,05 mg/kg. Maximale Effekte wurden mit Dosen von 0,5–1,0 mg/kg erzielt. Die postsynaptische Hemmung von Motoneuronen wurde durch Diazepam nicht beeinflußt. Die präsynaptische Hemmung monosynaptischer Reflexe wurde dagegen vergrößert und verlängert. Diese Veränderungen der präsynaptischen Hemmung zeigten sich auch in einer Vergrößerung und Verlängerung des DRP. Das DRP wurde entweder durch elektrische Reizung von Haut- und Muskelnerven oder durch mechanische Hautreizung erzeugt. Ein experimenteller Vergleich der Diazepamwirkung und der Barbituratwirkung auf das DRP wurde durchgeführt. Glykofurol, ein Bestandteil des organischen Lösungsvermittlers von Diazepam, hat teilweise ähnliche Wirkungen wie Diazepam selbst. Die Bedeutung dieser Befunde im Hinblick auf die muskelrelaxierende Wirkung von Diazepam wird besprochen.
    Notes: Summary The effect of diazepam (Valium “Roche”) on the amplitude of mono-and polysynaptic reflex potentials, on post- and presynaptic inhibition and on dorsal root potentials has been investigated using spinalized cats anaesthetized with pentobarbital sodium. Mono- and polysynaptic reflex potentials evoked by electrical stimulation of muscle and cutaneous nerves of the hind limb and recorded from ventral roots or peripheral nerves were reduced but never abolished by intravenous injection of diazepam. As for all other effects described in this paper the minimal effective dose was around 0.05 mg/kg. Maximal effects were obtained with doses of 0.5–1.0 mg/kg. Diazepam did not influence the amount and time course of postsynaptic inhibition of motoneurons. It did, however, increase and prolong the presynaptic inhibition of monosynaptic reflexes. These changes of presynaptic inhibition were also reflected in an increase and prolongation of the dorsal root potentials evoked either by electrical stimulation of muscle and cutaneous nerves or by natural stimulation of skin receptors. An experimental comparison was made between these effects and those produced by barbiturates. Glycofurol, one of the organic solvents of diazepam, mimics in some respects the effects of diazepam itself. The importance of these findings in regard to the mode of action of diazepam as a muscle relaxant is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 3 (1967), S. 234-247 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cutaneous afferents ; Primary afferent depolarization ; Presynaptic inhibition ; Surround inhibition ; Spinal cord
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. An investigation was made into the presynaptic depolarization of the spinal cord terminals of mechanoreceptor units of the hind foot of the cat after short mechanical displacement of the skin. The depolarization was measured by testing the excitability of the primary afferent fibres. 2. The following types of mechanoreceptor units were investigated: touch receptors of the central foot pad, hair follicle receptors, and touch corpuscles of the hairy skin. They were all depolarized by mechanical stimuli to the central pad or to the hairy skin. No difference has been found between receptor units which had or did not have a collateral in the dorsal columns. 3. The amount of depolarization depended on the amplitude of the mechanical stimulus. With weak mechanical pulses there was a close relation between the amplitude of the pulse and the size of the depolarization, but there was little additional increase of the depolarization with skin indentations exceeding 10 to 15 μ. No spatial facilitation could be demonstrated when two mechanical pulses were applied simultaneously. 4. The presynaptic depolarization of cutaneous mechanoreceptor afferents has a ‘surround’ pattern of organization: with mechanical pulses of constant amplitude the depolarization was largest when the pulse was applied at or close to the receptive field of the unit and decreased with increasing distance between the middle of the receptive field and the stimulus point. It seemed unimportant whether or not the unit under study was excited by the conditioning stimulus. 5. There is a discussion of the functional significance of these findings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 72 (1983), S. 1105-1133 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract In Württemberg, the upper part of the Middle Keuper is referred to as “Knollenmergel” (= “nodular marl”, a marly claystone containing carbonate nodules), 24 samples were studied from a test well located near Hechingen. X-ray diffraction was used for the determination of the mineral composition of whole rocks and of the clay fractions. The coarser fractions were studied under the petrographic microscope. The fractions 〈 2π Ø consist chiefly of an mixed-layer mineral with illite and expandable, montmorillonite-like layers as the components. There are about 30 % of expandable layers. A low-angle reflection near 31 Å is indicative of considerable order among component-layer species approaching that of rectorite. In the lower part of the section, moderate amounts of sudoite are present in addition. Illite as a discrete phase could not be determined with certainty. The microscopic fractions consist partly of monomineralic grains of quarz, dolomite, and calcite. In addition, they contain considerable amounts of polymineralic aggregates, which were not dispersed by the rather mild disintegration method used in the present study. Accordingly, the rocks are claystones characterized by the same degree of lithification as those occurring in other parts of the Keuper in Württemberg. The interstratified mineral is tentatively derived from the erosion of a uniform body of volcanogenic material of Paleozoic age. On the basis of grain-size distribution, the Knollenmergel is a water-laid sediment. Eolian transport as advocated by some geologists can be excluded. The difficulties experienced with the Knollenmergel as a building ground are explained by the high percentage of the expandable interstratified mineral and the dearth of a genuine sand fraction.
    Abstract: Résumé 24 échantillons des « Knollenmergel », partie supėrieure du Keuper moyen, ont pu être étudiés grâce à un forage de reconnaissance près de Hechingen, Württemberg. L'analyse par diffraction X a été pratiquée sur les fractions fines séparées et sur la roche totale, les fractions grossières ont été examinées au microscope polarisant. Dans les fractions inférieures à 2π, un phyllosilicate dioctaédrique gonflant est prédominant. Il présente une interstratification de couches non gonflantes (semblables à l'illite) et de 30 % env de couches gonflantes (semblables à la montmorillonite) avec un pic à 31 Å ce qui dénote un certain niveau d'ordre, dans l'alternance des couches, rappelant la rectorite (allevardite). Dans la partie inférieure de la formation, apparaît de la sudoïte dans la fraction argileuse. L'illite en tant que phase discrète n'a pas pu être reconnue avec certitude. Les fractions microscopiques sont composées de quartz, dolomite ou calcite en populations monominérales, d'une part. D'autre part, elles sont assez riches en aggrégats polycristallins que la méthode particulièrement douce de mise en suspension n'a pas dispersés. Donc, selon leur composition minéralogique en fonction de la granulométrie, ces roches sont des argiles indurées à un même dègré de lithification que les autres roches du Keuper moyen. L'origine du phyllosilicate interstratifié est attribuée à l'érosion d'un complexe volcanique homogéne paléozoïque. Sur la base de la distribution des granulométries, les « Knollenmergel » sont des sédiments aquatiques; l'hypothèse éolienne retenue par plusieurs géologues peut être exclue. Les difficultés géotechniques que présentent les « Knollenmergel » proviennent de l'abondance de l'interstratifié gonflant et de l'absence d'une fraction sableuse véritable.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Ein Bohrprofil, das in der Nähe von Hechingen (Württemberg) den Knollenmergel, den oberen Teil des Mittleren Keupers, durchteufte, wurde an Hand von 24 Proben mineralogisch untersucht. Anschließend an die Korngrößentrennung wurden die Tonfraktionen (und das Gesamtgestein) röntgenographisch und die gröberen Fraktionen mikroskopisch auf den Mineralbestand untersucht. Die Fraktionen 〈 2π Durchmesser bestehen im wesentlichen aus einem quellfähigen, dioktaedrischen Phyllosilikat, das als Wechsellagerung aus montmorillonitähnlichen und glimmerartigen Schichten besteht. Der Gehalt an quellfähigen Schichten beträgt etwa 30 %. Ein „Kleinwinkelreflex“ bei ca. 31 Å zeigt, daß die beiden Schichtkomponenten in einem Ordnunggszustand vorliegen, wie er in idealer Weise im Allevardit-Rectorit verwirklicht ist. Besonders im unteren Teil des Profils enthält die Tonfraktion deutliche Beimengen von Sudoit. Illit als diskrete Phase konnte nicht mit letzter Sicherheit nachgewiesen werden. Die mikroskopischen Fraktionen bestehen einmal aus monomineralischen Körnern, wie Quarz, Dolomit und Calcit. Daneben enthalten sie beträchtliche Mengen von Aggregaten, die bei der hier angewandten milden Aufbereitungsmethode nicht dispergiert wurden. Demnach ist der Knollenmergel wie auch andere Gesteine des Keupers als Tonstein anzusprechen. Das Wechsellagerungs-Mineral wird auf Erosion eines einheitlichen, paläozoischen, vulkanogenen Gesteinskomplexes zurückgeführt. Es werden Argumente angeführt, die gegen eine äolische Entstehung des Knollenmergels und für den Transport und die Ablagerung im Wasser sprechen. Die Schwierigkeiten als Baugrund, für die der Knollenmergel bekannt ist, werden auf den hohen Gehalt an dem quellfähigen Wechsellagerungs-Mineral und auf das Fehlen einer nennenswerten, echten Sandkomponente zurückgeführt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Prey use ; Dolomedes triton ; Gerridae ; Cannibalism ; Intraguild predation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Prey of feeding juvenile and adult Dolomedes triton (Walckenaer 1837) were sampled over two seasons on three small ponds in central Alberta, Canada. Prey were mainly insects active at the water surface with truly aquatic species making up about 14% of the diet. Throughout the season aquatic and semi-aquatic Heteroptera represented about 30% of the prey. Diptera and adult Odonata were also important prey items but their abundance in the diet was more variable seasonally. Of the 625 prey items recorded nearly 50% were represented by taxa taken no more than once by spiders in one of the five size classes (adult females, adult males, large, intermediate and small juveniles). Large spiders did not take the smallest prey available, although small and intermediate-sized spiders fed on nearly the full size range taken by larger spiders. Cannibalism was common, accounting for 5% of the observations, with females and large juveniles as the most frequently observed cannibals. We hypothesize that intraguild predation (including cannibalism) could be an important coevolutionary force structuring phenology, population dynamics and microhabitat use of the predatory guild of the neuston community.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Schmerz 14 (2000), S. 67-68 
    ISSN: 1432-2129
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 341 (1973), S. 179-195 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Myelinated Nerve Fibres ; Selective Afferent Stimulation ; Nerve Block by Transient Polarization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Conduction was blocked in the large myelinated fibres (Group II) of a cutaneous nerve by applying a transient polarizing current to the nerve. By appropriately adjusting the polarizing current conduction was not affected in most of the thin myelinated fibres (Group III) when all group II fibres were blocked. This selective action was achieved in 11 out of 15 experiments. Thus the method enables afferent volleys to be set up selectively in Group III fibres. 2. Recording single unit action potentials from the nerve revealed that the Group II compound volley is a reliable indicator for the extent of the block. As a prerequisite for this finding it was established by unit analysis that temporal dispersion due to the polarizing current did not occur within both Groups II and III fibre populations. 3. The membrane mechanism of the block was examined by testing the excitability changes in single fibres produced by the polarizing current. The findings indicate that the block was achieved by a membrane depolarization, causing inactivation of the sodium system. 4. Asynchronous firing produced by the blocking current itself, known to be a disturbing factor in such experiments, was shown to be virtually absent during the block. Discharges in Group II fibres evoked by the initial rise of the depolarizing current were prevented from conditioning the CNS effects of the selective Group III volley by appropriately advancing the onset of the current. 5. A complete and selective Group II block could also be performed during prolonged stimulation. In particular the method was shown to be able to ensure afferent activity being confined to small fibres during adequate stimulation of skin receptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...