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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 539-543 (Mar. 2007), p. 4321-4326 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The present work investigates the influence of phosphorus addition on the sizedistribution of retained austenite in TRIP steels containing 0.01%, 0.09% and 0.14% phosphorus.The size of retained austenite is measured by means of neutron depolarization technique and opticalmicroscopy. It is found that the addition of phosphorous increases the size of the largerintergranular and inter-ferritic austenite grains and therefore also increases the volume fraction ofretained austenite due to the strengthening effect of phosphorous on the surrounding ferrite andbainite grains. For all phosphorous additions the most frequently observed austenite size is around0.2 μm, which is probably corresponds to the interlath film-type retained austenite. The averagegrain size from the neutron depolarization technique agrees in general with that from the opticalmicroscopy and it is suggested that the accuracy can be improved by further development of thedata analysis by taking into account the preferred shape and orientation of the austenite grains
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 561-565 (Oct. 2007), p. 2301-2304 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Studying austenitisation in steel, so far, was either limited to observations at the surfaceof the material or to the determination of the average grain growth behavior in the bulk. Thedevelopment of the three-dimensional X-ray diffraction (3DXRD) microscope at beam line ID11 ofthe European Synchrotron Radiation Facility in Grenoble, France, made it possible to study thetransformation kinetics in-situ and at the level of individual grains in the bulk of the material.Unique in-situ observations of austenite growth kinetics during continuous heating experimentswere made for two commercial low-alloy steels (C22 and C35). The observed growth behavior ofindividual austenite grains gives a valuable contribution to understanding the phase transformationson heating, i.e. austenite formation from ferrite and pearlite
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 500-501 (Nov. 2005), p. 339-346 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Maraging steels show an excellent combination of high strength and ductility, whichmakes them very attractive in a large variety of potential applications. The present work is concerned with the main factors influencing the stability of metastable austenite in such a steel. At subzero temperatures a large variation in the isothermal transformation behaviour of austenite to martensite has been observed. Factors such as the austenite grain size and the interstitial content in solid solution are known to influence austenite stability and, therefore, the martensitic transformation. In this steel, the addition of titanium results in carbonitride precipitation. These precipitates play an indirect but important role in the stability of austenite by means of removing interstitials from the solid solution and by inhibiting an austenite grain growth. The combination of techniques such as X-ray diffraction, magnetisation measurements, three-dimensional neutron depolarisation, and internal friction measurements enables a complete characterisation of the transformation. A step towards understanding the factors responsible for the variation in the behaviour observed is the main contribution of this work
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Ferrite formation during austenite decomposition in carbon-manganese steel is studiedduring slow continuous cooling by three-dimensional x-ray diffraction microscopy at a synchrotronsource. The ferrite fraction and nucleation rate are measured simultaneously and independently inreal time in the bulk of the specimen. Thermodynamic calculations involving both ortho- and paraequilibriumhave been performed to determine the driving force for nucleation. From theexperiments and thermodynamic calculations the activation energies are estimated for nucleationand the transfer of iron atoms across the interface of the cluster during ferrite nucleation in steel
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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