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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dopamine D2-receptor imaging with 123I-iodobenzamide SPECT in migraine patients abusing ergotamine: does ergotamine cross the blood brain barrier? (1993)
    USA/Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Cephalalgia 13 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2982
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Two migraine patients were studied by in vivo SPECT using the dopamine D2-receptor specific radioligand 123I-3-iodo-6-methoxybenzamide (123I-IBZM) during ergotamine abuse and after withdrawal. Results were compared with 15 healthy controls. Striatum/cerebellum and striatum/occipital cortex ratios of count rate density were calculated as a semiquantitative measurement for striatal dopamine D2-receptor binding potential. No differences were found in striatal uptake of 123I-IBZM between healthy controls and the patients when on or off ergotamine. Preliminary evidence suggests that ergotamine may not occupy striatal dopamine D2-receptors to a large extent and thus may not cross the blood brain barrier in large quantities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2982.1993.1305325.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    99mTc-CD19 monoclonal antibody is not useful for imaging of B cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (1996)
    Springer
    Cancer immunology immunotherapy 42 (1996), S. 291-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Keywords: Key words Radioimmunodetection ; B cell lymphoma ; Technetium-99m
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  In this study we investigated the applicability of 99mTc-labeled CD19 monoclonal antibody (mAb) for tumor imaging in patients with B cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. A 1-mg sample of murine CD19 mAb was labeled with approximately 550 MBq [99mTc]pertechnetate. The labeled mAb was administered i. v. to seven patients, four without and three with pretreatment with 10 mg unlabeled CD19 mAb. The number of circulating B cells was decreased by 44±5% 1 h after injection of the radiolabeled mAb. Peripheral B cells were coated with CD19, resulting in partial modulation of CD19, most pronounced in the three pretreated patients. Whole-body images were obtained with a gamma camera and compared with results obtained by conventional imaging techniques. Initially, blood-pool activity dominated, whereas 24 h after injection the radioactivity was mainly located in the spleen, kidneys and liver. In two patients, a lesion in the spleen appeared as an unlabeled spot. In one patient, a lesion in the femur, which was detected by computed tomography (CT) and gallium-67 scans, was also seen on the CD19 scan from 1 h after administration of the radioimmunoconjugate onwards. Good imaging of bone marrow infiltration was observed in one of three patients. Lymph node involvement was not observed in any of the patients in whom affected lymph nodes were detected by CT or gallium-67 scan. In conclusion, in the present study radioimmunodetection with 99mTc-labeled CD19 mAb was found to be inferior to CT and gallium-67 scanning in the diagnosis of patients with B cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002620050285
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of the long-term functional outcome assessed by myocardial perfusion scintigraphy following excimer laser angioplasty compared to balloon angioplasty in longer coronary lesions (2000)
    Springer
    The international journal of cardiovascular imaging 16 (2000), S. 267-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0743
    Keywords: balloon angioplasty ; coronary artery disease ; laser angioplasty ; laser-assisted balloon angioplasty ; percutaneous transluminal laser angioplasty ; randomized trial ; myocardial perfusion scintigraphy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objectives: Evaluation of the long-term functional outcome assessed by exercise myocardial perfusion imaging following excimer laser angioplasty compared to balloon angioplasty in coronary lesions 〉10 mm in length. Background: Previous randomized studies evaluating the effect of coronary interventions mainly focused on the long-term clinical and angiographic outcome. The functional outcome, assessed by myocardial perfusion scintigraphy, has not been evaluated in a randomized setting. Methods: A total of 308 patients with stable angina and a longer coronary lesion (〉10 mm) were randomized to excimer laser angioplasty or balloon angioplasty. A 99mTechnetium-2-methoxy isobutyl isonitrile (MIBI) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) study was performed in 139 patients before the initial angioplasty procedure and at 6 months follow-up (73 patients in the laser group versus 66 patients in the balloon group, respectively). Exercise tolerance at follow-up was compared to baseline values by means of exercise duration and double product at peak exercise. Myocardial perfusion of the randomized vascular bed was assessed semi-quantitatively on the MIBI SPECT images. The reversible defects were graded as mild, moderate or severe. Myocardial perfusion at follow-up was expressed as a percentage reduction in incidence and grading of the reversible defects compared to baseline values. Results: Forty-four (61%) patients assigned to laser angioplasty were asymptomatic at 6 months follow-up compared to 34 (52%) patients assigned to balloon angioplasty (p = NS). Improvement in exercise duration and double product were 0.7 ± 2.1 min and 4.3 ± 6.2 min/mmHg/1000, respectively, in the laser group, versus 0.3 ± 2.5 min and 3.1 ± 5.5 min/mmHg/1000, respectively, in the balloon group (both p = NS). The percentage reduction of reversible defects was 23% in patients assigned to laser angioplasty vs. 29% in patients assigned to balloon angioplasty (Relative risk [RR]: 0.79, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.40–1.57; p = 0.50). The mild, moderate and severe reversible defects improved in 44.4, 63.6 and 66.6%, respectively, in the laser angioplasty group vs. 66.6, 53.8 and 90%, respectively, in the balloon angioplasty group. None of the comparisons were significantly different. Conclusion: Excimer laser angioplasty compared to balloon angioplasty in coronary lesions 〉10 mm in length yields a similar long-term functional outcome assessed by anginal status, exercise tolerance and myocardial perfusion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026576223669
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Human biodistribution and dosimetry of [123I]FP-CIT: a potent radioligand for imaging of dopamine transporters (1997)
    Springer
    European journal of nuclear medicine 25 (1997), S. 24-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Key words: Biodistribution ; Dosimetry ; Dopamine transporter imaging ; Single-photon emission tomography ; [123I]FP-CIT
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. This study reports on the biodistribution and radiation dosimetry of iodine-123-labelled N-ω-(flu- oropropyl)-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)tropane ([123I]FP-CIT), a promising radioligand for the imaging of dopamine transporters. In 12 healthy volunteers, conjugate whole-body scans were performed up to 48 h following intravenous injection of approximately 100 MBq [123I]FP-CIT. Attenuation correction was performed using a transmission whole-body scan obtained prior to injection of the radioligand, employing a 123I flood source. Blood samples were taken and urine was freely collected up to 48 h after injection of the radiotracer. For each subject, the percentage of injected activity measured in regions of interest over brain, striatum, lungs and liver were fitted to a multicompartmental model to give time-activity curves. The cumulative urine activity curve was used to model the urinary excretion rate and, indirectly, to predict faecal excretion. Using the MIRD method, nine source organs were considered in estimating absorbed radiation doses for organs of the body. The images showed rapid lung uptake and hepatobiliary excretion. Diffuse uptake and retention of activity was seen in the brain, especially in the striatum. At 48 h following the injection of [123I]FP-CIT, mean measured urine excretion was 60%±9% (SD), and mean predicted excretion in faeces was 14%±1%. In general, the striatum received the highest absorbed dose (average 0.23 mGy/MBq), followed by the urinary bladder wall (average 0.054 mGy/MBq) and lungs (average 0.043 mGy/MBq). The average effective dose equivalent of [123I]FP-CIT was estimated to be 0.024 mSv/MBq. The amount of [123I]FP-CIT required for adequate dopamine transporter imaging results in an acceptable effective dose equivalent to the patient.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002590050190
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Imaging of the dopaminergic neurotransmission system using single-photon emission tomography and positron emission tomography in patients with parkinsonism (1999)
    Springer
    European journal of nuclear medicine 26 (1999), S. 171-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Key words: Single-photon emission tomography ; Positron emission tomography ; Parkinsonism ; Dopamine transporter imaging ; Dopamine D2 receptor imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Parkinsonism is a feature of a number of neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s disease, multiple system atrophy and progressive supranuclear palsy. The results of post-mortem studies point to dysfunction of the dopaminergic neurotransmitter system in patients with parkinsonism. Nowadays, by using single-photon emission tomography (SPET) and positron emission tomography (PET) it is possible to visualise both the nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons and the striatal dopamine D2 receptors in vivo. Consequently, SPET and PET imaging of elements of the dopaminergic system can play an important role in the diagnosis of several parkinsonian syndromes. This review concentrates on findings of SPET and PET studies of the dopaminergic neurotransmitter system in various parkinsonian syndromes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002590050374
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Demonstration of a reduction in muscarinic receptor binding in early Alzheimer’s disease using iodine-123 dexetimide single-photon emission tomography (1997)
    Springer
    European journal of nuclear medicine 24 (1997), S. 602-608 
    Details
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Key words: Dexetimide ; Single-photon emission tomography ; Alzheimer’s disease ; Muscarinic receptor imaging ; Cortical atrophy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Decreased muscarinic receptor binding has been suggested in single-photon emission tomography (SPET) studies of Alzheimer’s disease. However, it remains unclear whether these changes are present in mildly demented patients, and the role of cortical atrophy in receptor binding assessment has not been investigated. We studied muscarinic receptor binding normalized to neostriatum with SPET using [123I]4-iododexetimide in five mildly affected patients with probable Alzheimer’s disease and in five age-matched control subjects. Region of interest (ROI) analysis was performed in a consensus procedure blind to clinical diagnosis using matched magnetic resonance (MRI) images. Cortical atrophy was assessed by calculating percentages of cerebrospinal fluid in each ROI. An observer study with three observers was conducted to validate this method. Alzheimer patients showed statistically significantly less [123I]4-iododexetimide binding in left temporal and right temporo-parietal cortex compared with controls, independent of age, sex and cortical atrophy. Mean intra-observer variability was 3.6% and inter-observer results showed consistent differences in [123I]4-iododexetimide binding between observers. However, differences between patients and controls were comparable among observers and statistically significant in the same regions as in the consensus procedure. Using an MRI-SPET matching technique, we conclude that [123I]4-iododexetimide binding is reduced in patients with mild probable Alzheimer’s disease in areas of temporal and temporo-parietal cortex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00841396
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biodistribution and dosimetry of iodine-123-labelled Z-MIVE: an oestrogen receptor radioligand for breast cancer imaging (1997)
    Springer
    European journal of nuclear medicine 25 (1997), S. 40-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Key words: 11β-Methoxy-17α-[123I]iodovinyloestradiol ; Breast cancer oestrogen receptor imaging ; Dosimetry ; Healthy female volunteer ; Single-photon emission tomography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. This study reports on the distribution and radiation dosimetry of iodine-123-labelled cis-11β-methoxy-17α-iodovinyloestradiol (Z-[123I]MIVE), a promising radioligand for imaging of oestrogen receptors (ERs) in human breast cancer. Whole-body scans were performed up to 24 h after intravenous injection of 138–193 MBq Z-[123I]MIVE in five healthy female volunteers, four with and one without thyroid blockade. Blood samples were taken at various times up to 24 h after injection. Urine was collected up to 24 h after injection in order to calculate renal clearance and to aid in the interpretation of whole-body clearance, including faecal excretion. Time-activity curves were generated for the thyroid, heart, brain, breasts and liver, by fitting the organ-specific geometric mean counts, obtained from regions of interest, to a multicompartmental model. The MIRD formulation, using 11 source organs, was applied to calculate the absorbed radiation doses for various organs upon administration of Z-[123I]MIVE. The images showed rapid hepatobiliary excretion which resulted in good imaging conditions for the thoracic region. Imaging of the abdominal region was impeded due to extensive bowel activity. Diffuse uptake and retention of activity was seen in breast tissue, the breast-to-non-specific uptake ratio increasing over time. Z-[123I]MIVE was cleared by both the kidneys and the gastrointestinal tract. At 50 h p.i. the mean excretion in urine was predicted to be 58%±14% (SD) and that in faeces 31%±19%. If the thyroid was not blocked, it was the most critical organ (0.33 mGy/MBq). In general, the excretory organs received the highest absorbed doses, i.e. the lower and upper large intestinal walls (0.11 and 0.098 mGy/MBq, respectively), the urinary bladder wall (0.090 mGy/MBq), the gallbladder wall (0.087 mGy/MBq) and the small intestine (0.043 mGy/MBq). The average effective dose equivalent of Z-[123I]MIVE was estimated to be 0.033 mSv/MBq. The amount of Z-[123I]MIVE required for adequate breast cancer ER imaging results in an acceptable effective dose equivalent to the patient.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002590050192
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Iodine-123 labelled nor-β-CIT binds to the serotonin transporter in vivo as assessed by biodistribution studies in rats (1998)
    Springer
    European journal of nuclear medicine 25 (1998), S. 1666-1669 
    Details
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Key words: 2β-Carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)nortropane ; Serotonin transporter ; Biodistribution studies ; Hypothalamus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Iodine-123 labelled 2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)nortropane (nor-β-CIT), a radioiodinated cocaine analogue, was evaluated as an agent for the in vivo labelling of serotonin transporters by biodistribution studies in rats. Intravenous injection of [123I]nor-β-CIT resulted in high accumulation of radioactivity in brain areas with high densities of serotonin (hypothalamus) and dopamine transporters (striatum), although the binding was less pronounced in the hypothalamus. While binding of [123I]nor-β-CIT in the hypothalamus was blocked significantly by fluvoxamine (a selective serotonin transporter blocker) but not by GBR12,909 (a selective dopamine transporter blocker), the opposite was observed in the striatum. The results of this study indicate that [123I]nor-β-CIT, although not being a selective radioligand, binds specifically to serotonin transporters in the hypothalamus in vivo and thus suggest that [123I]nor-β-CIT promises to be a suitable radioligand for single-photon emission tomography imaging of serotonin transporters in humans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002590050346
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of age and gender on dopamine transporter imaging with [123I]FP-CIT SPET in healthy volunteers (2000)
    Springer
    European journal of nuclear medicine 27 (2000), S. 867-869 
    Details
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Key words: Dopamine transporter imaging ; Single-photon emission tomography ; [123I]FP-CIT ; Age ; Gender
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Dopamine transporter imaging is a valuable tool to investigate the integrity of the dopaminergic neurons. To date, several reports have shown an age-associated decline in dopamine transporters in healthy volunteers. Although animal studies suggest an effect of gender on dopamine transporter density, this gender effect has not yet been confirmed in human studies. To study the influence of age and gender on dopamine transporter imaging in healthy volunteers, we performed single-photon emission tomography imaging with [123I]FP-CIT to quantify dopamine transporters. Forty-five healthy volunteers (23 males and 22 females) were included, ranging in age from 18 to 83 years. SPET imaging was performed 3 h after injection of ±110 MBq [123I]FP-CIT. An operator-independent volume of interest analysis was used for quantification of [123I]FP-CIT binding in the striatum. The ratio of specific striatal to non-specific [123I]FP-CIT binding was found to decrease significantly with age. Moreover, we found a high variance in [123I]FP-CIT binding in young adults. Finally, females were found to have significantly higher [123I]FP-CIT binding ratios than males. This effect of gender on [123I]FP-CIT binding ratios was not related to age. The results of this study are consistent with findings from previous studies, which showed that dopamine transporter density declines with age. The intriguing finding of a higher dopamine transporter density in females than in males is in line with findings from animal studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002590000279
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Should imaging at stress always be followed by imaging at rest in Tc-99m MIBI SPECT? (1997)
    Springer
    The international journal of cardiovascular imaging 13 (1997), S. 323-329 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0743
    Keywords: Technetium-99m MIBI imaging ; myocardial scintigraphy ; myocardial perfusion ; myocardial infarction ; exercise electrocardiography ; imaging strategy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objectives. We addressed the question whether in patients with cardiac chest pain referred for stress myocardial perfusion scintigraphy, Tc-99m MIBI SPECT stress imaging should always be followed by a rest imaging procedure. Background. Using Tc-99m MIBI imaging a stress-rest sequence is usually performed implying that the resting study always follows the stress study irrespective of the results of the stress study. As a normal stress study would eliminate a subsequent resting study, it appears desirable to potentially define certain subsets of patients in whom a normal stress study can be expected in order to determine a more selective referral approach to the nuclear medicine department. The consequences of such a more streamlined approach would less impose on the logistics of the department of nuclear medicine, with decrease of investigation time, radiation dose, and costs in a time of retrenchment in the medical sector. Methods. A consecutive series of 460 patients (mean age 58.2 years) was studied who were stratified to 269 patients without prior myocardial infarction, and to 191 patients with documented evidence of a previously sustained mycoardial infarction. All patients underwent Tc-99m MIBI SPECT imaging according to a two-day stress-rest protocol. Results. Patients with and without a previous myocardial infarction showed suboptimal overall predictive accuracies for the exercise electrocardiograms (58% and 60%, respectively). In the total group of 460 patients, 94 (20%) patients showed a normal stress-rest Tc-99m MIBI SPECT; this occurred in 86/269 (32%) patients without a previous myocardial infarction and in only 8/191 (4%) patients with a previous myocardial infarction. Conclusions. Patients with a stress defect at Tc-99m MIBI SPECT imaging should always undergo a resting SPECT study irrespective of the clinical and stress electrocardiographic findings. As patients without a previous myocardial infarction had a normal stress SPECT study in almost one-third (32%) of patients compared to only 4% in patients with a previous myocardial infarction, it may be useful to employ different referral and imaging strategies i.e. a stress-only versus a stress-rest procedure. To schedule referring patients differently according to the presence or absence of a previously sustained myocardial infarction may be cost-saving, less demanding for the nuclear medicine personnel, and patient-convenient. In addition, a stress-only imaging procedure reduces radiation exposure to the individual patient.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005767823114
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