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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Psychopathology and familial stress – comparison of boys with Fragile X syndrome and Spinal Muscular Atrophy (2002)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Publishers
    The @journal of child psychology and psychiatry 43 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-7610
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Background: Chronic illness and mental retardation are both associated with an increased rate of behavioural problems in children and with considerable emotional strain in families. The aim of the study was to analyse and compare the specific effects of two exemplary conditions on familial stress and coping. Methods: Forty-nine boys with Fragile X syndrome (FXS) were compared with 46 boys with Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) and 32 male controls. Intelligence was measured with the RAVEN or K-ABC tests. Psychopathology was assessed with the CBCL questionnaire and a structured psychiatric interview (Kinder-DIPS), parental stress with the QRS, coping with the F-COPES and social support with the F-SOZU questionnaires. Results: The mean age of the FXS boys was 8.6, of the SMA boys 12.7 and of the controls 11.2 years. The mean IQ was 47 for the FXS, 112 for the SMA and 103 for the control groups. According to the CBCL, 89.8% of the FXS boys, 21.7% of the SMA and 15.7% of the controls had a total score in the borderline or clinical range. The rates were 63.3%, 34.8% and 21.9% for internalising and 67.3%, 10.9% and 18.8% for externalising behaviour, respectively. 81.6% of the FXS and 10.9% of the SMA patients had a DSM-IV or ICD-10 psychiatric diagnosis. The most common were ADHD (FXS: 36) and Separation Anxiety Disorder (SMA: 4). In total, parental stress was significantly higher in the FXS than in the SMA families (and in both compared to controls). There were no major inter-group differences regarding social support and familial coping. Conclusions: Children with FXS are severely mentally retarded and have a high rate of mainly externalising disorders. Despite good coping abilities and social support, this is associated with high familial stress. The SMA boys, with an intelligence in the upper normal range, are no more deviant than their healthy controls. Parental stress is lower in the SMA families with good coping abilities. In conclusion, families with mentally retarded children are in even greater need of help than those of children with severe chronic illness/physical handicap. Abbreviations: SMA: Spinal Muscular Atrophy; FXS: Fragile X syndrome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1469-7610.00098
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interventionsprogramme für Eltern von Frühgeborenen Kritische Übersicht (1997)
    Springer
    Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde 145 (1997), S. 457-465 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0474
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Frühgeborene ; Eltern ; Interventionsprogramm ; Methoden ; Entwicklungsergebnisse ; Key words Premature infant ; Parents ; Intervention program ; Methods ; Developmental outcome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary After some introductory remarks on the influence of psychosocial risk factors on the developmental outcome of premature infants this review summarizes the current knowledge about intervention programs for prematures and their parents with a special focus on parent-centered programs. Positive effects of intervention programs are found in an improvement of cognitive development, parental sensitivity and the home environment. Only parent-centered interventions enhanced the quality of parent-infant interaction. It is questioned if those effects are also reliable for very premature infants and are found in the long term. Further programs should focus on parent- and parent-infant centered interventions. Methodological problems of intervention studies and further research perspectives on parent-centered interventions are discussed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Nach einleitenden Anmerkungen über den Einfluß von psychosozialen Risikofaktoren auf die Entwicklung von Frühgeborenen werden die verschiedenen Ansätze von Interventionsprogrammen dargestellt. Durch Interventionen können unterschiedliche positive Effekte erzielt werden. Sie verbessern die kognitive Entwicklung der Kinder, verändern die elterliche Wahrnehmung kindlicher Bedürfnisse und gestalten die häusliche Umgebung. Es bleibt fraglich, ob diese Ergebnisse auch für die Entwicklung der sehr kleinen Frühgeborenen Gültigkeit haben und ob die Effekte auch langfristig nachgewiesen werden können. Speziell Eltern-zentrierte Interventionsansätze können zusätzlich die Eltern-Kind-Interaktion verbessern. Aus diesem Grunde sollten zukünftige Interventionen auch Eltern- oder Eltern-Kind-zentrierte Ansätze integrieren. Methodische Probleme von Interventionsstudien und Forschungsperspektiven von Eltern-zentrierten Interventionen werden diskutiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001120050140
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clinical behavioral problems in day- and night-wetting children (1999)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 13 (1999), S. 662-667 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Key words Nocturnal enuresis ; Day wetting ; Primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis ; Urge incontinence ; Voiding postponement ; Child Behavior Checklist ; ICD-10 child psychiatic disorders
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  In this prospective, clinical study of 167 consecutive wetting children, the associations between specific forms of day and night wetting and clinical behavioral symptoms according to a parental questionnaire (Child Behavior Checklist; CBCL), as well as ICD-10 child psychiatric diagnoses are analyzed. For the entire group, the proportion of children with at least one ICD-10 diagnosis was 40.1% and for the CBCL total problems scale 28.2% – three times higher than in the general population. Expansive disorders (21%) were twice as common as emotional disorders (12%). A significantly higher (P〈0.05) proportion of day-wetting children had at least one diagnosis (52.6%) and emotional disorders (19.5%) compared with nocturnal enuretics (33.6% and 8.2%, respectively). Secondary nocturnal enuretics had significantly higher CBCL total problem scores (39.3% vs. 20.0%, P〈0.05) as well as psychiatric ICD-10 diagnoses (75% vs. 19.5%, P〈0.001) than primary enuretics. Children with primary monosymptomatic enuresis had the lowest rate of CBCL total behavioral symptoms (14.5%) and diagnoses (10%). Of the day-wetting children, those with voiding postponement had more expansive disorders (39.3% vs. 13.6%, P〈0.05) and externalizing symptoms (37% vs. 19.%, NS) than those with urge incontinence. In summary, a third of wetting children showed clinically relevant behavioral problems with specific psychiatric comorbidity for the subtypes. A more-detailed differentiation into syndromes rather than into day/night and primary/secondary forms is needed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004670050677
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Perception of premature birth by fathers and mothers (2000)
    Springer
    Archives of women's mental health 3 (2000), S. 41-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1102
    Keywords: Keywords: Premature birth; premature infants; parental perception; parental coping; fathers.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary VLBW-infants have a greater than average risk for cognitive and developmental disabilities. Premature birth is a distressing life event for parents which is experienced differently by mothers and fathers. To examine each parent's perception and coping of their child's premature birth, 20 consecutive pairs of parents were interviewed separately with a semistructured interview 2–3 weeks and 6–7 weeks postpartum. Parents also filled out the “Ways of Coping Checklist” questionnaire. All children had a birthweight of less than 1,500 g. Both fathers and mothers showed similar fears regarding possible death and handicaps of their child. There were differences between parents particularly shortly after birth: While fathers reacted with feelings of happiness and insecurity, mothers were shocked and grieving. In the interviews the most important parental coping strategy was “seeking social support”, especially for mothers. In the “Ways of Coping Checklist”“mobilising social support” and “seeking meaning” were the most important coping strategies. Mothers sought meaning in the premature birth and resorted to “blaming themselves” and “blaming others” as coping strategies more often than fathers. From birth onwards, fathers assessed their own coping abilities more positively than the mothers did. These differences between parents resolved during the next weeks as parents adapted to the new circumstances. Parents with marital problems had more difficulties in adaptation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007370070004
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neonatal intensive care and premature birth – maternal perceptions and coping (1999)
    Springer
    Archives of women's mental health 2 (1999), S. 29-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1102
    Keywords: Keywords: Neonatal intensive care; premature infants; maternal coping.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Premature birth and neonatal intensive care are distressing events for mothers requiring active coping. 42 consecutive mothers of infants treated on a NICU were interviewed prospectively during the first week postpartally, after 4–6 weeks and after 5–6 months with a semistructured interview. The mothers had a high rate of previous psychosocial stressors, medical complications and past perinatal losses. The groups with infants under (VLBW) and over 1,500 g were compared. In the first postpartal week, the VLBW mothers showed a significantly higher degree of distress, fears concerning death and handicaps of the child and negative or ambivalent feelings at first contact than mothers with newborns over 1,500 g. In the next weeks, most mothers were able to cope well with social and professional support and the differences between the two groups were no longer significant. Still, fears concerning their child continued at high rates and disturbing memories occurred often, so that at least subgroups do require more intense help during the early stages of adaptation postpartally. One of the subgroups at risk are the VLBW mothers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007370050032
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Somatic correlates of functional enuresis (1999)
    Springer
    European child & adolescent psychiatry 8 (1999), S. 117-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-165X
    Keywords: Key words Functional enuresis ; nocturnal enuresis ; day wetting ; urinary tract infections ; ultrasonography ; uroflowmetry ; electroencephalography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Functional enuresis is a heterogeneous group of syndromes with different aetiology and pathophysiology. The aim was to identify specific somatic correlates of enuresis non-invasively in child psychiatric patients after exclusion of neurologic and structural forms of incontinence. One hundred sixty-seven consecutive children, aged 5 to 10 years with day and/or night wetting were examined prospectively with: urinalysis and bacteriology; ultrasonography, including bladder wall thickness and residual volume; uroflowmetry and pelvic-floor-EMG; EEG; and a complete paediatric-neurologic examination. Day wetting children had a significantly higher rate of previous antibiotic prophylaxis, larger residual volume, thicker bladder walls; the uroflow curves were significantly less bell- and more staccato-shaped, the EMG less relaxed. Voiding postponers showed a tendency towards more uroflow anomalies than urge incontinent children. Primary and secondary enuretics did not differ on most parameters, but primary nocturnal enuretics with micturition problems had significantly less relaxed EMGs than monosymptomatic enuretics. Although day wetters had more pathological EEGs and neurological signs, these differences did not reach significance. The overall rate of urogenital anomalies was 10%. In conclusion, enuresis has a high rate functional somatic correlates with clinical and theoretical, classificatory implications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007870050092
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