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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sulphur-containing “perfumes” attract flower-visiting bats (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 186 (2000), S. 143-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Key words Bat pollination ; Olfactory orientation ; Floral scents ; Sulphur compounds ; Dimethyl disulphide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  We tested the attractiveness of individual scent compounds of bat-pollinated flowers to their pollinators, small flower-visiting bats of the genus Glossophaga (Phyllostomidae). Twenty compounds belonging to four different chemical substance classes were tested, both in the laboratory and in the field. In the laboratory, the bats (Glossophaga soricina) approached odour sources spontaneously and without preceding experience. Without ever receiving any reward they preferred the scent of a sulphur-containing compound, dimethyl disulphide, to several other odour components emitted by bat-pollinated flowers, and to scentless controls. In the field, at La Selva station in the tropical lowland rain forest of Costa Rica, G. commissarisi were attracted by two sulphur-containing compounds, dimethyl disulphide and 2,4-dithiapentane, to visit artificial flowers filled with sugar water. Thus, in nectarivorous bats the sense of smell obviously plays an important role in searching for and localising food sources, and even single components of the scent bouquets of bat-pollinated flowers are attractive. The preference for sulphur-containing odours seems to be innate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003590050014
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Storage and display of odour by male Saccopteryx bilineata (Chiroptera, Emballonuridae) (1999)
    Springer
    Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 47 (1999), S. 29-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Keywords: Key wordsSaccopteryx ; Propatagial sacs ; Emballonuridae ; Odour ; Hovering display
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Males of the sac-winged bat, Saccopteryx bilineata, actively fill their propatagial sacs with secretions from the genital region, the gular gland, urine and saliva. From our observations and those of Starck we deduce that propatagial sacs in S. bilineata do not have a glandular function, but are instead organs for the storage and display of odours. In addition to the already known “salting” and hovering behaviour of male S. bilineata, we describe in detail how odour is fanned to roosting individuals during the complex, stereotypic hovering displays. S. bilineata males also coat the fur of their backs with saliva using the wing tip and might scent-mark territory boundaries. “Yawning” may represent a visual as well as an olfactory cue. Odour seems to play an important role in the social communication of S. bilineata and in other emballonurids, as revealed by the broad distribution of wing sacs in this family. S. bilineata males display odour during energetically costly hovering flights in front of females. We demonstrate that the number of hovering displays increases with harem size. The mating effort of S. bilineata males comprises a multimodal signalling behaviour. Although males defend harem territories in which females gather, females seem to be able to choose the father of their progeny freely among the males of a colony. This may have led to the evolution of the complex mating displays by male S. bilineata.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002650050646
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The energy cost of flight: do small bats fly more cheaply than birds? (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 168 (1998), S. 105-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-136X
    Keywords: Key words Flight power ; Daily energy budget ; Energy metabolism ; Allometry ; Glossophaginae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Flapping flight is one of the most expensive activities in terms of metabolic cost and this cost has previously been considered equal for the two extant vertebrate groups which evolved flapping flight. Owing to the difficulty of obtaining accurate measurements without disturbing flight performance, current estimates of flight cost within the group of small birds and bats differ by more than a factor of five for given body masses. To minimize the potential problem that flight behaviour may be affected by the measurements, we developed an indirect method of measuring flight energy expenditure based on time budget analysis in which small nectar-feeding bats (Glossophaginae) could continue their natural rhythm of flying and resting entirely undisturbed. Estimates of metabolic flight power based on 172 24-h time and energy budget measurements were obtained for nine individual bats from six species (mass 7–28 g). Metabolic flight power (PF) of small bats was found to increase with body mass following the relation PF = 50.2 M0.771 (r2 = 0.96, n = 13, PF in W, M in kg). This is about 20–25% below the majority of current predictions of metabolic flight cost for small birds. Thus, either the flight cost of small birds is significantly lower than has previously been thought or, contrary to current opinion, small bats require less energy to fly than birds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003600050126
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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