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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Suspension feeding in the brittle-star Ophiothrix fragilis : efficiency of particle retention and implications for the use of encounter-rate models (1998)
    Springer
    Marine biology 132 (1998), S. 383-390 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Dense beds of the suspension-feeding brittle-star Ophiothrix fragilis are common in European waters. Their potential importance in benthic–pelagic coupling has been highlighted, but little is known about the feeding dynamics of this species. Encounter-rate models provide a potential mechanism for the estimation of feeding rates on suspended material of varying sizes. This work investigates factors essential to the application of such models. Particle-retention efficiency (RE) converts encounter rate into capture, or clearance rate. Laboratory studies demonstrated that RE varied with the interactive effects of flow velocity and particle size. RE was lowest for large particles, particularly at high flow velocity where RE as low as 59% was observed. This indicates that if RE is not accounted for in encounter-rate models, significant overestimates of feeding rates on large particles may occur. Flow around feeding arms and tube feet was characterised by intermediate Reynolds numbers, precluding application of the most simple encounter-rate models. Complex secondary-flow patterns were observed, which carried particles along the downstream side of the feeding arms, but these did not appear to increase the area available for particle capture. Previously reported particle capture by arm spines was not observed. Evidence of active rejection of large particles by tube feet was recorded. Difficulties in the application of encounter-rate models for prediction of seston-removal rates are highlighted by these results. Predicted encounter rate may deviate from actual clearance rate due to the effects of retention dynamics, localised flow patterns and differential particle handling. Other methods of estimation of seston-removal rates are equally problematic however, so that encounter-rate models are likely to remain a useful tool for such estimates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002270050405
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SPOILAGE OF VACUUM-PACDD SLICED PROCESSED MEATS DURING REFRIGERATED STORAGE (1960)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 25 (1960), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1960.tb17931.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure of Ripple Marks (1963)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 198 (1963), S. 847-849 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] IN a useful commentary on Soviet papers in sediment-ology which are little known in the West, Hemingway and Clarke1 emphasize the importance of appreciating cross-stratification as a three-dimensional geometry. They point out that the appearance of a vertical section in a trough or festoon ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/198847a0
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lower Old Red Sandstone of the Southern British Isles: A Facies Resembling the Alpine Molasse (1962)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 193 (1962), S. 1148-1150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] A SYNTHESIS, including additional evidence of structural results obtained by Greenly1 in Anglesey, Shackleton2 in south-west Ireland, Jones3 und Shackleton4 in Wales, and Ball and Dineley5 in the Welsh Borderland, combined with an analysis of boreholes to concealed Palaeozoic rocks in England, ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/1931148a0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Asymmetrical Ripple Marks and the Origin of Cross-Stratification (1962)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 194 (1962), S. 167-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] A CLEARER understanding and more satisfactory classification than hitherto of asymmetrical ripple marks formed in water has resulted from a previously unattempted quantitative morphological analysis of small current ripples and asymmetrical ‘sand-waves’, using published and unpublished ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/194167a0
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of ration and temperature on the growth of the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 20 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The effect of ration on the growth of the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, was studied over the temperature range 3·19°C, which corresponded to the range in their natural habitat. With an ad lib ration, the specific growth rate increased with temperature. The relationship between specific growth rate and ration at a given temperature was curvilinear. Regression models were used to predict the maximum, optimum and maintenance rations at each temperature. Whereas maximum ration increased rapidly with temperature, the optimum and maintenance rations were relatively insensitive to temperature. A regression model was used to describe the overall relationship between specific growth rate and ration, temperature and body weight. This model predicted that at low rations, growth rate decreased with temperature, whereas at high rations, growth rate increased slightly with temperature. The gross growth efficiency increased rapidly with rations above maintenance ration up to a maximum at the optimum ration and declined at higher rations. The maximum gross growth efficiencies were at high temperatures and rations about half of the maximum ration. The maximum net growth efficiencies occurred at relatively low temperature and at rations just above maintenance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1982.tb03934.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Practical Field Method for the Recovery of Blackflies labelled with Phosphorus-32 (1966)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 212 (1966), S. 959-960 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] This report describes improved methods for tagging blackflies in the larval and pupal stages, the use of a new trap for collecting large numbers of adults, and an auto-radiographic technique for identifying radioactive individuals. The field work was carried out at the Chalk River near the Chalk ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/212959a0
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Internal Sedimentation Structures of Well-Washed Sands and Sandstones in Relation to Flow Conditions (1963)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 200 (1963), S. 326-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE three commonest internal sedimentation structures of well-washed sands and sandstones are: (1) cosets of small-scale cross-stratified sets, in which the thickness of an individual set measures several millimetres or a few centimetres and the three-dimensional form of each set is usually tabular ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/200326a0
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    NUCLEOSIDE METABOLISM IN BRAIN EXTRACTS FROM RAT, RABBIT AND GUINEA PIG (1960)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 6 (1960), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1960.tb13444.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temporal patterns in diet and rate of food consumption of the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.) in Llyn Frongoch, an upland Welsh lake (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Freshwater biology 14 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SUMMARY. 1. Monthly and diel patterns of food consumption by the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L., were studied in Llyn Frongoch, a small reservoir in upland mid-Wales.2. Copepods were particularly prominent in the diet in spring and autumn, with ephemeropteran nymphs prominent in summer. Chironomid pupae and stickleback eggs were also elements of the diet in summer, whereas algae, plant material and debris were more important in autumn and winter. Chironomid larvae and ostracods were present throughout the year, but there was some doubt as to the importance of ostracods as digestible food items.3. Stomach contents were heaviest in spring and late summer and lightest in late autumn and winter.4. Samples for the diel samples were taken four times, once in each season. These diel samples largely reflected the seasonal changes in diet noted in the monthly samples. There were few cases of a clear switch in the composition of the diet during a 24 h period. Feeding occurred during daylight, the weight of the stomach contents declined during darkness.3. Several methods provided estimates of the daily rate of food consumption which ranged from 3.5 mg in December (4°C), to 19.0 mg in May (15°C). These estimates and others obtained independently suggest that the annual rate of food consumption for a stickleback in Llyn Frongoch is between 2000 and 5000 mg wet weight.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.1984.tb00158.x
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