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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Diabetes mellitus ; glucose ; ICAM-1 ; mesangial cells ; PKC-NF-ϰB.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstracts Aims/hypothesis. Infiltration of mononuclear cells and glomerular enlargement accompanied by glomerular cell proliferation are very early characteristics of the pathophysiology of diabetes. To clarify the mechanism of early diabetic nephropathy, we measured [3H]-thymidine incorporation and cell numbers to show the influence of a high ambient glucose concentration and the osmotic effect on rat mesangial cell proliferation. We also measured the effect of high glucose on the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular adhesion molecule-1 by flow cytometry and semiquantitative RT-PCR in mesangial cells and the adhesion of leukocytes to mesangial cells. Methods/results. Cells exposed to high d-glucose (30 mmol/l) caused an increase in [3H]-thymidine incorporation and cell numbers at 24 and 48 h and normalized at 72 h (p 〈 0.05), whereas these changes were not found in high mannitol (30 mmol/l), IL-1β, or TNFα-stimulated mesangial cells. Cells exposed to high-glucose (15, 30, or 60 mmol/l) or osmotic agents (l-glucose, raffinose and mannitol) showed that intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression began to increase after 24 h, reached its maximum at 24 and 48 h and gradually decreased afterwards. The stimulatory effects of high glucose and high mannitol on mRNA expression were observed as early as 6 h and reached its maximum at 12 h. Up-regulation of ICAM-1 protein and mRNA was also found in IL-1-β and TNF-α-stimulated mesangial cells. Neither vascular adhesion molecule-1 protein nor mRNA expression was, however, affected by high glucose and high mannitol. Notably, the protein kinase C inhibitors calphostin C and staurosporine reduced high glucose- or high mannitol-induced intercellular adhesion molecule-1 mRNA expression and high glucose-induced proliferation. Furthermore, the NF-ϰB inhibitor N-tosyl-l-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone reduced high glucose- or high mannitol-induced intercellular adhesion molecule-1 mRNA expression and high glucose-induced proliferation. Results showed that high glucose (15, 30 mmol/l) or high concentrations of osmotic agents remarkably increased the number of adherent leukocytes to mesangial cells (p 〈 0.01) compared with control cells (5 mmol/l d-glucose). Functional blocking of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 on mesangial cells with rat intercellular adhesion molecule-1 monoclonal antibody, calphostin C, staurosporine, or N-tosyl-l-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone significantly inhibited high glucose- or high mannitol-induced increase in leukocyte adhesion (p 〈 〈 0.05). Conclusion/interpretation. These results suggest that high glucose can upregulate intercellular adhesion molecule-1 protein and mRNA expression but not vascular adhesion molecule-1 expression in mesangial cells and promote leukocyte adhesion through up-regulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 through osmotic effect, possibly depending on the protein kinase C nuclear factor-kappa B (PKC-NF-ϰB) pathway. High glucose itself can also promote mesangial cell proliferation through the PKC-NF-ϰB pathways. We conclude that hyperglycaemia in itself seems to be an important factor in the development of early diabetic nephropathy. [Diabetologia (2000) 43: 1544–1553]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dordrecht, The Netherlands : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of cosmetic science 21 (1999), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The relationship between the wax matrix in lipstick and sweating has been investigated by observing the change of size and shape of the wax matrix due to sweating by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). For observation by SEM, a lipstick sample was frozen in liquid nitrogen. The oil in the lipstick was then extracted in cold isopropanol (−70 °C) for 1–3 days. After the isopropanol was evaporated, the sample was sputtered with gold and examined by SEM. The change of wax matrix underneath the surface from fine, uniform structure to coarse, nonuniform structure resulted from the caking of surrounding wax matrix. The oil underneath the surface migrated to the surface of lipstick with sweating; consequently the wax matrix in that region was rearranged into the coarse matrix. In case of flamed lipstick, sweating was delayed and the wax matrix was much coarser than that of the unflamed one. The larger wax matrix at the surface region was good for including oil. The effect of molding temperature on sweating was also studied. As the molding temperature rose, sweating was greatly reduced and the size of the wax matrix increased. It was found that sweating was influenced by the compatibility of wax and oil. A formula consisting of wax and oil that have good compatibility has a tendency to reduce sweating and increase the size of the wax matrix. When pigments were added to wax and oil, the size of the wax matrix was changed, but in all cases sweating was increased due to the weakening of the binding force between wax and oil. On observing the thick membrane of wax at the surface of lipstick a month after molding it was also found that sweating was influenced by ageing. In conclusion, the structure of the wax matrix at the surface region of lipstick was changed with the process of flaming, molding temperature, compatibility of wax and oil, addition of pigment, and ageing. In most cases, as the size of the wax matrix was increased, sweating was reduced and delayed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 67 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Gamma irradiation was used to reduce the N-nitrosamines and residual nitrite in model system sausage during storage. Aerobic or vacuum packaged sausage was irradiated at 0, 5,10, 20, and 30 kGy. The residual nitrite levels were significantly reduced by gamma irradiation, and, in vacuum packaging, the reduction was dose dependent. The N-nitrosodimethylamine of the sausage irradiated at 10 kGy or above reduced in aerobic packaging, while a dose of 20 kGy was needed in vacuum packaging. The N-nitrosopyrrolidine reduction was found at 20 and 30 kGy-irradiation. Results indicated that high dose irradiation (〉 10 kGy) was needed to reduce the carcinogenic N-nitrosamine and nitrite levels in pork sausage during storage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 31 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The aim of this study was to compare the surface discoloration of polished and celluloid strip-finished composite surfaces in microhybrid type composites and to determine whether or not the discoloration of a celluloid strip-finished composite surface is reduced if oxygen inhibition on the surface can be prevented. The composite surfaces were celluloid-strip finished (group 1), polished (group 2), or celluloid-strip finished under nitrogen gas purging (group 3). Z100, Spectrum, and Aelitefil were used as the test materials. After each surface treatment, the samples were stored in 37 °C distilled water for 24 h and placed in a disclosing solution (0·2% Erythrosin, pH 7·0) for 7 days in the dark. A computer controlled spectrophotometer was used to determine the CIELAB co-ordinates (L*, a*, b*). For each composite, the degree of discoloration among the groups was compared with a one-way anova test. A Dunnett's t-test was then performed to compare the colour change in group 1 with that of group 2 or group 3. In all materials, there were no statistical differences in the surface discoloration between group 1 and group 2. In the Aelitefil and Spectrum test materials, the samples in group 3 showed a lower level of discoloration than the those in group 1. In Z100, there was no statistical difference. In microhybrid composites, there was no difference in surface discoloration between celluloid strip-finished and the polished surface. Nitrogen gas purging during the polymerization process on the celluloid strip-finished composite surface might be useful for reducing the discoloration celluloid strip-finished surface in microhybrid composites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Thin Solid Films 251 (1994), S. 136-140 
    ISSN: 0040-6090
    Keywords: Aluminium nitride ; Ion bombardment ; Sputtering ; X-ray diffraction
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 15 (1992), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— Quantitative information, such as the initiation period, growth and coalescence behaviour, statistical distributions of crack length, density of cracks, distribution patterns and crack growth properties, were obtained from fatigue tests on type 304 stainless steel at 538°C in a previous study. Using this information as input data and a condition for the connection and interactions of cracks, a statistical simulation and life prediction due to the high temperature fatigue crack growth process was performed and illustrated as output on a two-dimensional graphical display.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 68 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: : Irradiation effects on biogenic amines (BAs) and microbiological populations of Korean fermented soybean paste were investigated during fermentation. Soybean paste was prepared and irradiated with doses of 5,10, and 15 kGy, and then fermented at 25 °C for 12 wk. Bacillus spp. and lactic-acid bacteria decreased by irradiation but increased during fermentation. Biogenic amines detected were putrescine, cadaverine, β-phenylethylamine, spermidine, spermine, tryptamine, histamine, tyramine, and agmatine. A significant difference was not observed in BA content between control and irradiated samples immediately after gamma irradiation. However, 4 kinds of BAs, putrescine, tryptamine, spermidine, and histamine, showed significant reduction by irradiation during fermentation (P 〈 0.05).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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