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  • 1
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Vistas in Astronomy 31 (1988), S. 339-342 
    ISSN: 0083-6656
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A systematic study of the effect of sputtering conditions, for each layer of the magneto-optical SiN 500 A(ring)/TbFeCo 200 A(ring)/SiN 200 A(ring)/Al 600 A(ring) disks, such as power and Ar gas flow rate on the noise levels (NL) and carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR) was performed for the 532 nm high density storage media in this work. The NL dropped to its minimum value of −71.3 dB as the sputtering power for the first SiN increased from 0.5 to 1.5 kW. With a further increase in sputtering power to 2.5 kW, it sharply increased to −64.5 dB. This was ascribed to the smooth and dense surface of the first layer at 1.5 kW, as was observed in the atomic forces microscopy images. The spherical, isotropic, fine grains with a diameter of about 0.2–0.7 μm at 1.5 kW were found, while the longitudinal, directional granular features with a length of 2.5 μm were seen at 2.5 kW. The highest CNR of 46.3 dB was observed at 0.6 kW with a constant sputtering Ar gas flow rate of 25 sccm for the magneto-optical layer. The sputtering conditions for other layers are as follows: 1.5 kW with sputter Ar/N2 gas flow rate of 30 sccm/11 sccm for the first and third SiN layer, and 0.6 kW with 25 sccm of Ar for the Al reflection layer. This is due to the smooth surface morphologies of the magneto-optical layer at this optimum sputtering pressure, as previously reported in similar research. To obtain a high readout signal, the phase compensation for the elliptic laser beam has been considered. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Medicine 28 (1977), S. 299-307 
    ISSN: 0066-4219
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background In most epidemiological survey studies, only subjective symptoms and past medical history of asthma have been used as diagnostic criteria. Even though a questionnaire survey can be performed in a large population study at low cost, limitations such as lack of objectivity and poor predictability in non-specific bronchial hyperresponsiveness cannot be avoided.Objectives The purpose of this study was to elucidate the prevalence of current asthma based on questionnaires and methacholine bronchial provocation test, and the prevalence of atopy in Korea.Methods We performed modified ATS respiratory questionnaires and allergen skin-prick test with 10 common inhalant allergens among 3219 subjects aged 7–19 years in Seoul and a rural part of a small city, Chungju in Korea. Methacholine bronchial provocation tests were also performed among those who had asthma symptoms according to the questionnaire. The criteria of asthma was presence of both asthma symptoms and non-specific bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Atopy was defined as when an allergen induced weal size is same or larger than that caused by histamine.Results The prevalence of asthma based on questionnaires and methacholine bronchial provocation tests was 4.6%, while the prevalence of wheeze was 8.2% and 19.3% of total population complained of one or more respiratory symptoms related to asthma on the questionnaires. There was no significant difference according to age, sex and living area. The mean prevalence of atopy was 35.0% and the most common allergens were Dermatophagoides farinae (30.9%), Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (27.5%), cat fur (20.4%) and cockroach (11.8%). The atopy prevalence in Chungju area was higher than that in Seoul and males showed a higher prevalence than females. The asthma prevalence was higher among atopies (6.8%) than among non-atopies (2.7%). None of questionnaire items were enough to predict the presence of bronchial hyperresponsiveness in terms of sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value.Conclusion The prevalence rate of current asthma in Korea was 4.6% and the prevalence rate of atopy in Korea was 35.0%. Questionnaire-based surveys are not enough to predict the actual prevalence of asthma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objectives The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaires have shown that the prevalence of childhood asthma is increasing worldwide. Although Asian countries used to have lower prevalence rates of allergic disease than Western countries, this prevalence is increasing in several Asian countries. To determine whether the prevalence of childhood asthma is changing in Korean adolescents, we compared findings from nationwide cross-sectional surveys in 1995 and 2000 on populations of middle-school children using the Korean version of the ISAAC questionnaire.Methods We developed Korean versions of the ISAAC written (WQ) and video (AVQ) questionnaires for allergic diseases. In 1995, the enrolled population consisted of 15 481 children, ages 12–15, and encompassing all three grades in middle school, selected from 34 schools across the nation; the response rate was 97.3%. In 2000, 15 894 children were selected from 31 of the same schools, and the response rate was 96.4%. The SAS system version 8.0 was utilized for all statistical analyses.Results The WQ showed that the lifetime and 12-month prevalence of wheeze did not change from 1995 to 2000. While the 12-month prevalence rates of sleep disturbed by wheezing and night cough increased, the rates of severe attack of wheezing and exercise-induced wheeze did not change, over this period of time. The lifetime prevalence of asthma diagnosis, however, increased significantly, from 2.7% in 1995 to 5.3% in 2000, as did the 12-month prevalence of asthma treatment, from 1.0% in 1995 to 1.9% in 2000. The AVQ also showed increases in the lifetime and 12-month prevalence rates of wheeze at rest, exercise-induced wheeze, nocturnal wheeze, nocturnal cough, and severe wheeze over this period of time. These were especially because of significant increases in the Provincial cities of Korea. Interestingly, the 12-month prevalence of wheeze was consistently high in Cheju with low air pollution indices, whereas this rate was low in Ulsan and Ansan with very high air pollution indices. Risk factor analysis showed that body mass index (BMI), passive smoking, and living with a dog or cat, but not air pollution, were associated with higher risk of wheeze.Conclusions In the 5-year period from 1995 to 2000, the prevalence of asthma symptoms has increased in Korean adolescents, much of it because of increases in Provincial Centers. BMI, passive smoking, and living with a dog or cat are important risk factors. Environmental factors other than air pollution may be associated with increases in asthma, especially in Provincial Centers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial and engineering chemistry 3 (1964), S. 96-100 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial & engineering chemistry 56 (1964), S. 77-77 
    ISSN: 1520-5045
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 63 (1992), S. 5671-5673 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A compact cesium ion gun, suitable for ion beam sputter deposition in high vacuum environment, has been developed. The gun uses a solid-state cesium ion source described previously. This gun is compact, stable, and easy to use. It requires none of the differential pumping or associated hardware necessary in designs using cesium vapor and porous tungsten ionizers. The gun produces a cesium ion beam of 0.2 mA at 5 keV. A beam diameter of 0.2 cm is measured at a target which is 3 cm apart from the exit aperture of the accelerator electrode. The sputter deposition rate is of the order of 100 A(ring)/min for several metal targets such as Au, Cu, Mo, W, and Ta, measured at 4 keV primary Cs+ ion beam energy and in a distance of 1.5 cm from the target. The lifetime of this gun is more than 20 C of cesium, which corresponds to 60 h of operation with an extraction current of 0.1 mA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 81 (2002), S. 13-15 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Femtosecond pulse shaping and photomixing methods are combined to make a tunable terahertz source. Grating-pair pulse shaper selects two main frequency components to produce pulses that are modulated with a period which is inversely proportional to the frequency separation. The shaped pulse is then photomixed in semi-insulating GaAs under external bias. Terahertz (THz) emission frequency follows the modulation frequency of the excitation pulses, from 0.5 to 3 THz. Contrary to cw photomixing, this method can easily be combined with electro-optic and photoconductive sampling detection methods. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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