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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Thermoregulation ; Acetylcholine ; Muscarinic ; Serotonin ; Interaction ; Alaproclate ; Oxotremorine ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Stimulation of muscarinic cholinergic receptors with the highly potent and selective receptor agonist oxotremorine produced hypothermia in rats. Alaproclate, a purported selective serotonergic reuptake inhibitor, potentiated this response. Destruction of central presynaptic serotonergic terminals with the potent cytotoxin p-chloroamphetamine (PCA) failed to attenuate the hypothermic response to oxotremorine in alaproclate-pretreated animals. These results could be taken to suggest that alaproclate may act, at least in part, via a non-serotonergic mechanism to potentiate the oxotremorine-induced hypothermic response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: MR/Har and MNRA/Har Maudsley rat strains ; Conflict behavior ; Anxiety ; Alprazolam ; Diazepam ; Benzodiazepines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The Maudsley Reactive (MR/Har) and Non-Reactive (MNRA/Har) rat strains, bred originally by Broadhurst for differences in Open Field Defecation, also differ in their control (i.e., non-drug) behavior in the Conditioned Suppression of Drinking (CSD) conflict procedure, a second “model” behavior for the study of anxiety and/or emotionality in rats. The present studies compared the effects of diazepam and alprazolam on CSD behavior in these two strains of rats. In daily 10-min sessions, water-deprived rats were trained to drink from a tube that was occasionally electrified (0.2–0.5 mA), electrification being signaled by a tone. Both diazepam and alprazolam increased punished responding in a dose-related manner. The per cent increase in punished responding (for diazepam only) was comparable in the two strains; however, both statistical and empirical approaches indicated that the magnitude of the anti-conflict effect of benzodiazepines in MNRA/Har versus MR/Har rats was not related to differences in baseline (i.e., non-drug) punished responding. Based on the absolute change in shocks received, rats of the MNRA/Har strain exhibited a significantly greater anti-conflict effect following diazepam or alprazolam treatment than did rats of the MR/Har strain. These findings further the hypothesis that the behavioral differences exhibited by Maudsley MR/Har and MNRA/Har rat strains may constitute a genetically-based “animal model” for the study of emotionality and/or anxiety.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Adenosine ; Anxiety ; Conflict behavior ; Caffeine ; Conditioned Suppression of Drinking (CSD) ; Diazepam ; l-PIA ; NECA ; Phenobarbital ; Rats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The present study examined the effects of the anxiolytics diazepam and phenobarbital, the A-1 adenosine agonist N6-R-phenylisopropyladenosine (l-PIA), and the A-2 adenosine agonist 5′-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA) on conflict behavior. Water-restricted rats were trained to drink from a tube that was electrified (0.5 mA intensity) on a FI-29s schedule, electrification being signaled by a tone. After 3 weeks of daily 10-min sessions, the animals accepted a stable number of shocks (punished responding) and consumed a consistent volume of water (unpunished responding) per session. Different doses ofl-PIA and NECA were then tested separately at weekly intervals. In addition, the effects of diazepam and phenobarbital were determined in animals pretreated with saline,l-PIA, or NECA. Neitherl-PIA (15–250 nmole/kg) nor NECA (2.5–20 nmole/kg) produced a significant anti-conflict effect when administered alone. Diazepam (1.25–10 mg/kg) or phenobarbital (10–40 mg/kg) administration to saline-pretreated rats resulted in a dose-dependent increase in punished responding (shocks received) with minimal effects on unpunished responding (water intake). Neitherl-PIA nor NECA pretreatment reliably altered the effects of diazepam on conflict behavior. Pretreatment withl-PIA, but not NECA, significantly reduced the anti-conflict effects of phenobarbital on conflict behavior. These data suggest that phenobarbital, but not diazepam, anti-conflict responses may involve interactions with A-1 adenosine receptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 84 (1984), S. 496-502 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Alaproclate ; Zimeldine ; Memory retrieval ; Passive avoidance ; Serotonin ; Mouse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of alaproclate and zimeldine on memory retrieval were examined in male Swiss Webster mice using a one-trial inhibitory avoidance task. All drugs were administered IP prior to the retention test 24 h after training. Both drugs were found to facilitate memory retrieval significantly in a dose-and time-dependent fashion that could not be explained in terms of non-specific effects of the drug (illness, lack of motility, etc.) at the time of the test. The temporal effects of alaproclate and zimeldine on memory closely followed their course of concentration of the drug within the blood stream. The facilitation of retrieval induced by alaproclate and zimeldine was blocked by the putative serotonergic receptor agonist quipazine but not blocked by the antagonist cyproheptadine. Pretreatment with quipazine alone in a group of animals trained to a shock level which normally results in high levels of suppression was not sufficient to produce memory impairment, suggesting that quipazine was probably antagonizing the facilitative effects of alaproclate and zimeldine directly, rather than overriding the facilitation through an indirect action on retrieval in general. The present results lend further support to the suggestion that serotonin plays a significant role in memory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Memory ; Retrieval ; Serotonin ; Receptor antagonists ; Inhibitory avoidance ; Mouse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The present study examined the effects of pre-test administration of a number of serotonergic receptor antagonists on the retrieval of a previously learned aversive habit in the mouse. All of the receptor antagonists (pirenperone, ketanserin, mianserin, methysergide and metergoline) produced a dose-dependent increase in the latency to complete 5 s of drinking 48 h after training. This suppression of drinking could not be attributed to nonspecific effects of the drugs on behavior (e.g., illness, reduced thirst, or activity), as non-contingently trained mice failed to exhibit similar elevations in their test scores. These results are, therefore, further support for an important role for serotonin in the processes underlying learning and memory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: Maudsley rat strains ; response habituation ; acoustic startle ; anxiety ; emotionality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract Female Maudsley Reactive (MR/Har) and Nonreactive (MNRA/Har) rats were tested for initial acoustic startle reactivity and within-session startle habituation. Subjects were exposed in each of five weekly sessions to 12 acoustic startle noise bursts at a 20-s interstimulus interval, a procedure in which genetically heterogeneous Sprague Dawley rats have been shown to exhibit robust within-session habituation. Although initial startle reactivity was comparable in the two strains, significant differences in withinssession habituation were observed. Specifically, MR/Har rats were observed to exhibit substantial within-session habituation to these acoustic stimuli, while rats of the MNRA/Har strain exhibited little, if any, habituation to these repeated acoustic stimuli. The basis for this dramatic difference in within-session startle habituation in these Maudsley rats is at present unexplained and under investigation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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