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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Catalase as a regulator of the propensity to ingest alcohol in genetically determined acatalasemic individuals from Israel (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Addiction biology 4 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1369-1600
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Direct descendants of an individual residing in Israel, who was diagnosed in the 1960s with a genetic deficiency in catalase, were examined for their propensity to consume alcohol.These individuals were found to possess a lower level of catalase activity compared to that of a group of matched controls with the same ethnic background.While no differences were observed in the propensity to drink alcohol between the two groups, the catalase deficient individuals did show a significant positive correlation between catalase activity and alcohol drinking behaviour as measured by Q-value. No such relationship was observed in the matched controls.The findings suggest that the apparent acatalasemia in the experimental subjects may act as a limiting factor for these individuals and that catalase may play an important role in regulating alcohol drinking behaviour. These results are consistent with previous animal and human studies which suggest that catalase, via its ability to produce acetaldehyde through the metabolism of ethanol, may have a regulatory role in the propensity to drink alcohol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13556219971731
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Catalase and the production of brain acetaldehyde: a possible mediator of the psychopharmacological effects of ethanol (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Addiction biology 2 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1369-1600
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This review represents an attempt to assess the available data on the role of catalase in the mediation of the behavioral actions of ethanol and the regulation of voluntary ethanol consumption. It is argued that acetaldehyde may be formed in brain through the peroxidatic activity of catalase. Furthermore, acetaldehyde formed centrally through the activity of this enzyme, may be responsible, at least in part, for some of the motivational, behavioral and neurotoxic effects of ethanol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13556219772570
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stress-Induced Analgesia: Its Effects on Performance in Learning Paradigms (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 467 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1986.tb14632.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    False Neurotransmitters and the Effects of Ethanol on the Brain (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 492 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1987.tb48695.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential ethanol intake in Tryon maze-bright and Tryon maze-dull rats: implications for the validity of the animal model of selectively bred rats for high ethanol consumption (1992)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 108 (1992), S. 136-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Tryon rats ; Ethanol intake ; Selective breeding ; Genetic ; Animal model of alcoholism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The search for a genetically based “animal model of alcoholism” has led to the creation of extensive research programs using various combinations of initial ethanol preference screening techniques and breeding methods to yield rodents with primary genetic differences that contribute to high or low ethanol preference. The present experiment examined the ethanol intake of the Tryon rat strain, which were bred for high and low maze learning scores. It was observed that the Tryon Maze Bright rats displayed an unprecedented affinity for ethanol with stable intakes between 12.7 and 13.7 g/kg per day and preference ratios exceeding 0.75 for ethanol concentrations ranging between 15 and 29%. The pattern of ethanol intake of the Tryon Maze Dull rats resembled the ethanol intake pattern of other, non-selectively bred strains of rats, approximately 2–3 g/kg of absolute ethanol at preference ratios between 0.11 and 0.28. The affinity for ethanol observed for the Tryon Maze Bright rats seems to exceed the reported consumption patterns of rat strains specifically bred for high ethanol consumption although the Tryon rats were selectively bred for variables that were seemingly unrelated to ethanol intake.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02245298
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Exposure to nicotine enhances acquisition of ethanol drinking by laboratory rats in a limited access paradigm (1999)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 142 (1999), S. 408-412 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Key words Ethanol ; Limited access ; Nicotine ; Mecamylamine HCl ; Rat ; Voluntary intake
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Observations in humans suggest that the initial use of tobacco occurs in close temporal proximity to experimentation with alcohol. There have been relatively few research reports, however, examining possible interactions between these two agents. The present experiments examined the effect of nicotine exposure on the acquisition of ethanol drinking behavior in a limited access procedure. In experiment 1, rats were presented with 1-h access to ethanol solutions of increasing concentration for a period of 20 days. Subcutaneous injections of nicotine (0.6 or 1.2 mg/kg salt) or vehicle were administered 30 min prior to each ethanol presentation. Experiment 2 used a similar method, but rats were presented with water along with ethanol during the 1-h test session. Mecamylamine, a nicotinic receptor antagonist, was administered 30 min prior to the nicotine treatment. Nicotine was seen to produce a dose-dependent increase in ethanol drinking behavior which commenced at the 5% ethanol concentration and continued at 8% and again at 10%. In the second experiment, mecamylamine was observed to block completely the nicotine-induced increase in ethanol drinking behavior. The findings suggest that exposure to nicotine can facilitate the acquisition of ethanol drinking behavior in naive rats and that this effect is mediated by nicotine’s interaction at the nicotinic-cholinergic receptor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130050906
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential effects of catecholamine antagonists on ethanol-induced excitation in mice (1990)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 102 (1990), S. 234-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Ethanol ; Dopamine ; Norepinephrine ; Locomotor activity ; Drug antagonists
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Catecholamine antagonists were assessed for their effects on ethanol-induced motor excitation. Motor excitation was measured in male Swiss-Webster mice using an open-field apparatus. Mice were treated with several doses of ethanol and at each dose, mice were pretreated with pimozide, a dopamine D2 antagonist, Schering 23390, a dopamine D1 antagonist, phenoxybenzamine, a noradrenergic alpha-1 antagonist, or yohimbine, a noradrenergic alpha-2 antagonist. Each mouse was subjected to only one dose regimen, and all injections were given IP. Ethanol produced an increase in locomotor activity. The degree to which pimozide attenuated ethanol excitation decreased with increasing ethanol dosage. At the highest dose of ethanol, pimozide increased ethanol excitation. Schering 23390 attenuated ethanol-induced excitation only at doses which affected motor activity per se. Phenoxybenzamine produced a dose-dependent reduction in ethanol excitation. Yohimbine had its greatest effects at the medium dose (4.0 mg/kg). These observations seem to indicate a role for both the dopamine D2 receptor and the noradrenergic alpha-1 receptor in ethanol-induced motor excitation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02245927
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ethanol-induced CTA mediated by acetaldehyde through central catecholamine activity (1991)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 103 (1991), S. 74-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Acetaldehyde ; Ethanol ; Conditioned taste aversion ; Pre-exposure ; Alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The possible involvement of catecholamines (CA) in the mediation of acetaldehyde's conditioned taste aversion (CTA) was examined by testing the effects of alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine (AMPT, a tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor) on the CTAs produced by acetaldehyde. AMPT blocked the acquisition of the CTA normally produced by a low dose of acetaldehyde (0.2 g/kg), but had no significant effect on CTA produced by a high dose of acetaldehyde (0.3 g/kg). In a second study, acetaldehyde's role in the CTA produced by ethanol was investigated using the pre-exposure conditioned taste aversion paradigm. Pre-exposure to acetaldehyde (both doses) blocked the ethanol CTAs but when pre-exposure with acetaldehyde was coupled with AMPT, only the larger dose of acetaldehyde blocked the ethanol aversion. These results suggest that while the CTA to the low dose of acetaldehyde may be primarily central and catecholamine-mediated, the mechanism underlying the high dose CTA is probably peripheral and emetic in nature. These findings support the conclusion that acetaldehyde may be mediating many of the actions of ethanol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02244077
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The reinforcing action of morphine and its paradoxical side effect (1977)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 52 (1977), S. 63-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Morphine ; Lithium chloride ; Reinforcement ; Conditioned taste aversion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Rats were trained to run down a runway for food in the goal box, and were then tested with one trial per day for 5 days. After running in the runway and eating in the goal box each rat was injected with a drug and returned to the empty goal box for 50 min. Over the 5 trials, rats that received morphine sulphate increased their running speed approximately 400% while the amount of food they ate in the goal box decreased to about 70% of baseline values. The running speed of rats that received lithium chloride decreased to about 30%, while the amount of food they ate decreased to less than 10% of baseline. These two variables did not change for rats that received saline injections. The large increases in running speed observed in the rats that received morphine injections were attributed to an interaction (but not simple summation) between the positive reinforcing effects of morphine and food. The accompanying paradoxical decrease in amount eaten was discussed in terms of the complex pharmacological properties of morphine and it was suggested that morphine may have a reinforcing effect on behavior that is independent of its affective properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00426601
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conditioned place preference: An evaluation of morphine's positive reinforcing properties (1984)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 84 (1984), S. 124-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Place preference ; Reinforcement ; Opiates ; Morphine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The place-preference paradigm was evaluated as a measure of morphine's positive reinforcing properties. Previous place-preference studies obtained a morphine place preference of 26%–63%. In order to examine whether differences in procedure may account for this scatter, the present experiment investigated whether there is any difference in the absolute magnitude of preference when animals are conditioned on their non-preferred side of the box or when animals are randomly assigned to the side of conditioning. Furthermore, the number of conditioning days was extended with 3 intervening test days, and drug doses were doubled following each test day. The results showed no significant difference between conditioning animals on their non-preferred side or randomly assigning them to the side of conditioning. However, by extending the number of conditioning days, as well as by following the drug regimen used, the animals showed a greater magnitude of preference than that observed in previous studies. The implications of these findings for the usage of this paradigm as a measure of morphine's positive reinforcing properties are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00432040
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