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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Geo-marine letters 16 (1996), S. 140-147 
    ISSN: 1432-1157
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract This environmental overview of Eckernförde Bay (northern Germany) summarizes the results of previous studies relevant to the Office of Naval Research's Coastal Benthic Boundary Layer (CBBL) Baltic field exercise conducted during 1993–1994. Significant environmental characteristics include the following: (1) surface sediment distribution is related to water depth, dictated primarily by hydrodynamic reworking of older glacial deposits; (2) the origin and characteristics of small-scale sedimentary structures depend on storm-generated waves and currents; (3) the proximity of the sea surface and sediment —water interface results in a pelagic—benthic coupling that drives biogeochemical processes and produces organicrich, acoustically turbid sediments; and (4) the bay floor is complicated topographically by pockmarks and manmade sedimentary structures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Geo-marine letters 16 (1996), S. 232-239 
    ISSN: 1432-1157
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract X-ray computed tomography analysis of sediment cores from Eckernförde Bay (western Baltic Sea) indicates that the primary macrostructures and sources of physical property variability are feeding pockets and laminae. Burrowing produces easily discernible macrostructures, yet has a nominal effect overall on sediment property variability. Grain-size distribution is a dominant parameter determining the sediment macrostructure—physical property relationship: the largest variation in sediment properties was associated with sandy sediment and the smallest with muds. However, equally significant is the sorting or spatial distribution of grains within a particular sediment horizon, i.e., whether spatially uniform or patchy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Sclerotic pedicle ; Hypertrophied pedicle ; Vertebra ; Stress sclerosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The sclerotic pedicle is a commonly encountered roentgen sign that may be associated with numerous conditions, both benign and malignant. The following paper discusses the common as well as the unusual causes of this interesting phenomenon and demonstrates the radiographic presentations of the various etiologies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have studied the reactionse + e −→hadrons,e + e −, μ+ μ− and τ+ τ−, in the energy range 88.2 $$ \leqq \sqrt s \leqq 94.2$$ GeV. A total luminosity of 5.5 pb−1, corresponding to approximately 115000 hadronic and 10000 leptonicZ 0 decays, has been recorded with the L3 detector. From a simultaneous fit to all of our measured cross section data, we obtain assuming lepton universality: $$\begin{gathered} M_z = 91.181 \pm 0.010 \pm 0.02 (LEP) GeV, \hfill \\ \Gamma _z = 2501 \pm 17 MeV, \hfill \\ \Gamma _{had} = 1742 \pm 19 MeV, \Gamma _t = 83.6 \pm 0.8 MeV. \hfill \\ \end{gathered}$$ If we do not assume lepton universality, we obtain for the partial decay widths of theZ 0 intoe + e − μ+ μ− and τ+ τ−: $$\begin{gathered} \Gamma _e = 83.3 \pm 1.1 MeV, \Gamma _\mu = 84.5 \pm 2.0 MeV, \hfill \\ \Gamma _\tau = 84.0 \pm 2.7 MeV. \hfill \\ \end{gathered}$$ From the measured ratio of the invisible and the leptonic decay widths of theZ 0, we determine the number of light neutrino species to beN v =3.05±0.10. We include our measurements of the forward-backward asymmetry for the leptonic channels in a fit to determine the vector and axial-vector neutral current coupling constants of charged leptons to theZ 0. We obtain $$\bar g_V = - 0.046_{ - 0.012}^{ + 0.015}$$ and $$\bar g_A = - 0.500 \pm 0.003$$ . In the framework of the Standard Model, we estimate the top quark mass to bem t =193 −69 +52 ±16 (Higgs) GeV, and we derive a value for the weak mixing angle of sin2θ W =1−(M W /M Z )2=0.222 ± 0.008, corresponding to an effective weak mixing angle of $$\sin ^2 \bar \theta _W = 0.2315 \pm 0.0025$$ .
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The structure of hadronic events fromZ 0 decay is studied by measuring event shape variables, factorial moments, and the energy flow distribution. The distributions, after correction for detector effects and initial and final state radiation, are compared with the predictions of different QCD Monte Carlo programs with optimized parameter values. These Monte Carlo programs use either the second order matrix element or the parton shower evolution for the perturbative QCD calculations and use the string, the cluster, or the independent fragmentation model for hadronization. Both parton shower andO(α 2 s matrix element based models with string fragmentation describe the data well. The predictions of the model based on parton shower and cluster fragmentation are also in good agreement with the data. The model with independent fragmentation gives a poor description of the energy flow distribution. The predicted energy evolutions for the mean values of thrust, sphericity, aplanarity, and charge multiplicity are compared with the data measured at different center-of-mass energies. The parton shower based models with string or cluster fragmentation are found to describe the energy dependences well while the model based on theO(α 2 s calculation fails to reproduce the energy dependences of these mean values.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We report on a search for the neutral and charged Higgs bosons predicted by models of spontaneous symmetry breaking with more than one Higgs doublet field. No signals are observed. We set model-independent limits on masses or branching ratios of singly and pair-produced neutral and charged Higgs bosons. In addition, we interpret our results in the framework of a general two-doublet Higgs model and the Minimal Supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We report on the measurement of the leptonic and hadronic cross sections and leptonic forward-backward asymmetries at theZ peak with the L3 detector at LEP. The total luminosity of 40.8 pb−1 collected in the years 1990, 1991 and 1992 corresponds to 1.09·106 hadronic and 0.98·105 leptonicZ decays observed. These data allow us to determine the electroweak parameters. From the cross sections we derive the properties of theZ boson: $$\begin{gathered} M_Z = 91195 \pm 9MeV\Gamma _{\rm Z} = 2494 \pm 10MeV \hfill \\ \Gamma _{had} = 1748 \pm 10MeV\Gamma _\ell = 83.49 \pm 0.46MeV \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ assuming lepton universality. We obtain an invisible width of Γinv=496.5±7.9 MeV which, in the Standard Model, corresponds to a number of light neutrino species ofN v=2.981±0.050. Using also the three leptonic forward-backward asymmetries and the average tau polarization, we determine the effective vector and axial-vector coupling constants of the neutral weak current to charged leptons to be: $$\bar g^\ell v = - 0.0378_{ - 0.0042}^{ + 0.0045} \bar g^\ell _A = - 0.4998 \pm 0.0014.$$ Within the framework of the Standard Model, and including our measurements of the $$Z \to b\bar b$$ forward-backward asymmetry and partial decay width, we derive an effective electroweak mixing angle of $$sin^2 \bar \theta _W = 0.2326 \pm 0.0012$$ . We obtain an estimate for the strong coupling constant, αS=0.142 ± 0.013 and for the top-quark mass,m t =158 −40 +32 ±19(Higgs) GeV, where the second error arises due to the uncertainty in the Higgs-boson mass.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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