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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sorbinil does not prevent hyperfiltration, elevated ultrafiltration pressure and albuminuria in streptozotocin-diabetic rats (1992)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 35 (1992), S. 414-418 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Streptozotocin diabetic rat ; aldose reductase inhibition ; glomerular filtration rate ; ultrafiltration pressure ; albuminuria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of aldose reductase inhibition on kidney function were studied in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus. Diabetic rats were fed sorbinil (20 and 50 mg/kg) by daily gastric gavage and were compared with untreated diabetic rats and normal rats. The rats were under daily supervision with regard to blood glucose control, insulin administration and body weight. The aim was to promote continuous body growth and to maintain the blood glucose concentration at around 22 mmol/l without large day-to-day fluctuations. The renal functional changes observed in this well-established diabetic model closely resembled those reported in human Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Sorbinil treatment completely prevented renal cortical sorbitol accumulation, but did not abolish kidney enlargement or the increase in ultrafiltration pressure and glomerular filtration rate. Albumin excretion was increased to the same extent in the sorbinil-treated and in the untreated diabetic rats. We conclude that increased metabolism of glucose to sorbitol does not cause the hyperfiltration in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02342436
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    C-peptide stimulates rat renal tubular Na+, K+-ATPase activity in synergism with neuropeptide Y (1996)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 39 (1996), S. 199-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This study was performed in order to test the hypothesis that the connecting peptide of proinsulin, C-peptide, might in itself possess biological activity. Renal tubular Na+, K+-ATPase, which is a well-established target for many peptide hormones, was chosen as a model. Rat C-peptide (I) was found to stimulate Na+, K+-ATPase activity in single, proximal convoluted tubules dissected from rat kidneys. C-peptide increased the Na+ affinity of the enzyme and all subsequent studies were performed at non-saturating Na+ concentrations. C-peptide stimulation of Na+, K+-ATPase activity occurred in a concentration-dependent manner in the dose range 10−8–10−6 mol/l. The presence of neuropeptide Y, 5×10−9 mol/l, enhanced this effect and stimulation of Na+, K+-ATPase activity then occurred in the C-peptide dose range 10−11–10−8 mol/l. C-peptide stimulation of Na+, K+-ATPase activity was abolished in tubules pretreated with pertussis toxin. It was also abolished in the presence of FK 506, a specific inhibitor of the Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase 2B. These results indicate that C-peptide stimulates Na+, K+-ATPase activity, probably by activating a receptor coupled to a pertussis toxin-sensitive G-protein with subsequent activation of Ca2+-dependent intracellular signalling pathways.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00403963
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rapid development of glomerulosclerosis in diabetic Dahl salt-sensitive rats (1997)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 40 (1997), S. 367-373 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Dahl rats ; salt sensitivity ; diabetic nephropathy.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Diabetic nephropathy tends to develop more readily in patients with a family history of hypertension and/or disturbances in sodium transport across the plasma membrane. This prompted us to study the renal effects of diabetes mellitus in a rat strain which is predisposed to develop salt-sensitive hypertension, the Dahl salt-sensitive rat. Diabetes is associated with several aberrations in the renal handling of sodium, such as elevation of tubular Na+, K+ATPase activity. This effect was more pronounced in Dahl salt-sensitive than in Dahl salt-resistant rats. Severe renal lesions, characteristic of the advanced phase of diabetic nephropathy are very rarely observed in rats with streptozotocin diabetes. However, 2 months after induction of diabetes, the Dahl salt-sensitive rats had morphological signs of advanced glomerular disease. The urinary albumin concentration was very high, but did not correlate with the blood pressure. Non-diabetic Dahl salt-sensitive rats as well as Dahl salt-resistant diabetic and non-diabetic rats had little or no signs of glomerular disease and consistently very low urinary albumin concentrations. [Diabetologia (1997) 40: 367–373]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250050689
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of low-dose dopamine infusion on urinary prostaglandin E2 excretion in sick, preterm infants (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 147 (1988), S. 616-620 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Dopamine ; Preterm infant ; Urinary prostaglandin excretion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In pharmacological doses dopamine (DA) will interact with several endocrine systems and both inhibit (prolactin, thyrotropin) and enhance (renin, angiotensin) hormonal release. In this study we have examined whether DA given to preterm neonates will influence prostaglandin (PG) production. The question is of importance since vasodilatator PGs play a role in postnatal adaptation. We determined the effect of low dose DA infusion on the 24 h urinary PGE2 excretion rate (an index of renal PGE2 synthesis) in preterm infants. Six preterm neonates, with a 24-h requirement of 2 μg/kg per min DA treatment for oedema, moderate oliguria, poor peripheral perfusion and/or mild systemic hypotension were studied on days 2 (Day 1), 3 (Day 2, the day of DA infusion), and 4 (Day 3, DA discontinued) of life. Six preterm infants (control group) that did not require DA infusion were also studied to monitor possible spontaneous changes in the renal PGE2 production on days 2, 3 and 4 of life. In the control group urine output (Uv) and PGE2 excretion rate remained unchanged during the study. In the study group DA administration resulted in nearly two-fold increases in both the Uv (194%) and PGE2 excretion (182%). Urinary PGE2 excretion was, however, closely related to urine flow in both the control infants (Day 1–3) and the study group infants (Day 1–2). Since increased diuresis stimulates renal PGE2 production, our data suggest that the increased PGE2 excretion on Day 2 in the study group was not due to a direct effect of DA on PGE2 synthesis. On Day 3, however, urinary PGE2 excretion in the study group decreased out of proportion to that of the Uv (-66% vs-23%), indicating that discontinuation of the drug infusion directly decreases renal PGE2 synthesis. In conclusion, the findings of the present study indicate that low dose DA does not directly trigger renal PGE2 production in the sick preterm infant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00442476
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reduction of protein intake decreases glomerular filtration rate in young Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients mainly in hyperfiltering patients (1988)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 31 (1988), S. 878-883 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes ; renal hyperfiltration ; microalbuminuria ; protein restriction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The influence of different protein intake on renal function was studied in 16 Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients, aged 15–23 years, with onset of diabetes before puberty and with a duration of diabetes between 5 and 20 years. The glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow, albumin excretion rate, and blood pressure were examined in a cross-over randomised order after 10 days on isocaloric diets with either 10% (i.e. 0.9±0.06 g·kg−1·day−1) or 20% (1.9±0.1 g·kg−1·day−1) of the calories as protein, the latter being equal to the recommended diet. Dietary compliance was evaluated using fractional phosphate excretion and overnight urea excretion. Glomerular filtration rate was lower after the low-protein diet compared to the usual protein diet (p〈0.001). Patients with glomerular filtration rate above +2 SD of the normal mean on the usual protein diet (n=6) exhibited the steepest fall in glomerular filtration rate with a mean decrease of 20ml/min compared to 7 ml/min in those with initially normal glomerular filtration (p=0.01). Filtration fraction tended to decrease on low protein diet, more so in initially hyperfiltering patients (p=0.09). Renal plasma flow remained unchanged. In patients with elevated glomerular filtration rate on usual protein diet, albumin excretion rate and systolic, but not diastolic blood pressure, were decreased on low protein diet (p=0.03 and p=0.01, respectively) but not in initially normal-filtering patients. Mean blood glucose and serum fructosamine were unchanged on both diets. In conclusion, low protein diet decreases glomerular filtration rate independently of glycaemic control in young Type 1 diabetic patients and more so in hyperfiltering patients. This decline in glomerular filtration rate is accompanied by a decrease in albumin excretion rate and systolic blood pressure in hyper-filtering patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00265370
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enalapril reduces microalbuminuria in young normotensive Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients irrespective of its hypotensive effect (1990)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 33 (1990), S. 470-476 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Albumin excretion rate ; angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor ; blood pressure ; Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of enalapril on albumin excretion rate was studied in two groups of age- and sex-matched Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients, aged 15–20 years, with persistent microalbuminuria 〉20 μg/min. Group 1 contained six patients with systolic blood pressure ≥ 75th percentile for age and sex, group 2 six normotensive patients. Enalapril (10–20 mg/day) was given for six months. Albumin excretion rate, glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow, blood pressure at rest and during exercise, and angiotensin converting enzyme activity were measured before, after three weeks' and six months' treatment and six months after treatment withdrawal. Albumin excretion rate decreased in all patients after three weeks' (mean decreases 55% in group 1, 65% in group 2) and six months' treatment (35% in group 1, 61% in group 2). Systolic blood pressure remained unchanged in both groups. Diastolic pressure was reduced after three weeks in group 1 (p=0.001). No reduction in increment in systolic pressure during exercise test occurred in any group during treatment. Angiotensin converting enzyme activity decreased in all patients after three weeks (p=0.001) and six months (p=0.003). This correlated to the decrease in albumin excretion rate after three weeks (r=0.79, p=0.05) and six months (r=0.59, p=0.04). HbA1c, mean blood glucose and glomerular filtration rate remained unchanged during the study in both groups. Renal plasma flow tended to increase after three weeks' and six months' treatment in group 2 (p=0.06, respectively) but not in group 1. Filtration fraction decreased after three weeks (p=0.04) only in group 2. In conclusion, enalapril reduces the albumin excretion rate in adolescent diabetic patients with or without elevated blood pressure. This reduction was not accompanied by a decreased systemic pressure but rather by a fall in filtration fraction in normotensive patients, indicating a direct effect, irrespective of the antihypertensive, on intraglomerular pressure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00405108
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies of terminal differentiation of electrolyte transport in the renal proximal tubule using short-term primary cultures (1989)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 3 (1989), S. 363-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Na−K transport ; Proximal tubule ontogeny ; Primary cell culture ; Terminal differentiation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract There are several lines of indirect evidence suggesting that the renal tubule cells have not yet reached terminal differentiation at birth. Methods used in cell biology can now be applied to study renal ontogeny. This review describes how primary cultures of proximal tubule cells from rats can be used to investigate developmental changes in Na permeability and Na-K-ATPase-mediated transport.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00858547
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Renal growth in infancy and childhood —experimental studies of regulatory mechanisms (1991)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 5 (1991), S. 439-442 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Renal growth regulation ; Ontogeny ; Proximal tubule ; Primary culture ; Proto-oncogenes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract During the peri- and early postnatal period, nephrogenesis is completed and kidney growth is accomplished both by cellular proliferation and enlargement. The number of nephrons in a given species is predetermined, whereas cellular growth can be influenced by environmental factors in an age-dependent manner. Unilateral nephrectomy or a high-protein diet stimulates renal growth more in the young than in the adult. Conversely, pyelonephritis inhibits renal growth in infancy but not in adulthood. The relative importance of hyperplasia and hypertrophy for renal growth also changes with renal maturation. The mechanisms behind these developmental changes in regulation of renal growth are largely unknown, but age-dependent changes in the expression of several proto-oncogene products have been demonstrated. These include growth factor receptors as well as components of the intracellular system that transfers the signal from an activated growth factor receptor to the cell nucleus. Studies on rat proximal tubule cells in primary culture might be of great value in expanding our knowledge of growth regulation in the developing kidney. Such studies have already shown that under identical environmental conditions the basal proliferative rate is age dependent, that the proliferative response to growth stimulation changes postnatally, and that this is associated with changes of both the response of the Na+/H+-exchanger and the expression of the c-fos proto-oncogene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01453677
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Incidence of microalbuminuria in children with pyelonephritic scarring (1996)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 10 (1996), S. 705-708 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Key words: Albuminuria   ;   Kidney function   ;   Pyelonephritis   ;   Renal scarring
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. There is experimental evidence that loss of renal parenchyma results in hyperfiltration in the remnant glomeruli followed by development of glomerulosclerosis. Microalbuminuria, i.e., a urinary albumin excretion rate of 20 – 200 μg/min, is considered to be an early predictor of diabetic glomerulosclerosis. Hypothetically, increased urinary albumin excretion in patients with pyelonephritic scarring may also indicate glomerulosclerosis, with risk for future deterioration of renal function. This study was performed to determine the incidence of increased albumin excretion in children with mild to moderate pyelonephritic scarring, and to relate the information to glomerular filtration rate (GFR; clearance of inulin) and effective renal plasma flow (clearance of para-aminohippuric acid), as well as to the degree of scarring. The functional investigations were performed under water diuresis. Fifty-seven children, aged 1.7 – 17.9 years, with pyelonephritic renal scarring were included in the study. Nine young healthy adults were used as controls. The GFR was significantly lower in the children with pyelonephritic scarring than in the controls (median 93 ml/min per 1.73 m2, range 48 – 133 vs. 111 ml/min per 1.73 m2, range 89 – 121, P〈0.05), and the urine albumin excretion was significantly higher (median 20 μg/min per 100 ml GFR, range 0.8 – 170 vs. 9.2 μg/min per 100 ml GFR, range 3.3 – 21, P〈0.05). An inverse correlation was found between urine albumin excretion and GFR. Increased urine albumin excretion was found in 70% of the children with a GFR below 90 ml/min per 1.73 m2 compared with 41% of the children with a GFR above this level. Increased urine albumin excretion (〉20 μg/min per 100 ml GFR) was found in 51% of the children with pyelonephritic scarring, while only 14% had increased age-adjusted serum creatinine concentrations. The high incidence of microalbuminuria in children with pyelonephritic scarring indicates long-term follow-up until the ultimate outcome has been better defined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004670050194
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Age-dependent expression of protein phosphatase 2A in the developing rat kidney (1999)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 13 (1999), S. 800-805 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Key words In situ hybridization ; Kidney development ; Nephrogenesis ; Phosphatase activity ; Serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A ; Protein phosphorylation ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Several lines of evidence suggest that the serine/threonine protein phosphatase (PP)2A is of vital importance for cell cycle regulation, cell differentiation, and signal transduction. This prompted us to study the expression of the mRNA for PP2A catalytic isoforms α and β in the developing rat kidney using in situ hybridization histochemistry. The expression patterns of the two isoforms were strikingly similar. Both were ubiquitously expressed in early metanephric kidneys. Later in gestation they were expressed in the nephrogenic zone. Strong expression was observed on postnatal day (PN) 10. This was followed by a downregulation at PN20, i.e., when nephrogenesis is completed. The expression in the adult kidney was very weak and mainly confined to the medulla. In a phosphatase activity assay, PP2A accounted for 78% of the total serine/threonine phosphatase activity in embryonic day 15 rat kidneys. PP1 was the main contributor to the remaining activity. In conclusion, PP2A is the major serine/threonine phosphatase in fetal kidneys. The age-dependent expression pattern supports the concept that this enzyme is of particular importance during renal morphogenesis and development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004670050704
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